OBJECTIVE:To study the current situation and developing trend of the antidiabetics used in Guangdong re?gion.METHODS:The antidiabetics used in44hospitals in Guangdong region during the period2000～2003were analysed concerning the kinds of drug,sum of money for consumption and frequency of drug use.RESULTS:The sum of money for consumption of antidiabetics increased year by year so did its proportion in sum of money for consumption of total drug.Among them,consumption of insulin increased very quickly and oral antidiabetics assumed a tendency of increase as well.CONCLUSI_ ON:The variety of insulin is stable and new oral antidiabetics is going into market occasionally in this region,but frequency of use is primary to sulfonylurea,biguanides and glycosidase-inhibitors.

Objective To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZI,参芪扶正注射液) on renal function in patients after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty patients ready for receiving CPB and cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups,20 being in each group. Patients in the SQFZI group were administered of 250 ml SQFZI intravenously before anesthesia,125 ml SQFZI before CPB in CPB mechanical equipment,and 250 ml SQFZI once a day after operation for 3 days. Equal volume balanced solution was received in control group.Creatinine (Cr) in blood and Cr,microalbumin (m-Alb),?_2-microglobulin (?_2-MG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in urine were measured and endogeneous creatinine clearance (CCr) was calculated in 40 patients at the time points of before anesthesia, at the end of operation,and 1,3 and 5 days after operation.Results Urinary levels of m-Alb,?_2-MG and NAG were increased significantly after CPB in both groups at different time points at the end of and after the operation (all P0.05).Conclusion CPB has a deteriorating effect on renal function,and the application of SQFZI in peri-operational period has a protective effect on renal function in patients who undergo CPB.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitivity effects of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor 3-amion benzamide (3-AB) on the BRCA non-mutant and BRCA mutant breast cancer cells,and to explore the regulatory mechanism of PARP-1 and BRCA in radiation-induced DNA damage repair.Methods MDA-MB-436 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into four groups respectively as the control (CTRL),ionizing radiation alone (IR),3-AB alone (3-AB),and ionizing radiation combined with 3-AB(IR + 3-AB)group.γ-H2AX foci were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay.The percentage of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with MDA-MB-231 cells,MDA-MB-436 cells had a higher radiosensitivity and produced more γ-H2AX foci(t =4.57,P ＜ 0.05),which was further increased by 3-AB.The DNA damage of MDA-MB-436 cells in the IR + 3-AB group was the most remarkable (t =3.26,P ＜ 0.05).Flow cytometry showed that the cells in the IR + 3-AB group had the highest rate of apoptosis (t=3.81,P ＜ 0.05),and the apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-436 cells was significantly higher than MDA-MB-231 cells (t =2.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The radiosensetivity of BRCA mutant cells MDA-MB-436 is significantly higher than that of non-BRCA mutant cells MDA-MB-231.Inhibition of PARP-1 can further increase the apoptosis and radiosensitivity of BRCA-mutant cells by further blocking the repair of DNA single-strand break induced by ionizing radiation.

Objective To retrospectively compare the efficacy and toxicity between intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) combined with chemotherapy plus targeted therapy and IMRT combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) , and to preliminarily evaluate the necessity of adding targeted drugs to standard chemoradiotherapy . Methods Forty?two patients with stage Ⅲ?Ⅳb NPC who received IMRT combined with concurrent ± adjuvant chemotherapy plus targeted molecular therapy from January 2007 to December 2012 were assigned to experiment group,while 168 patients who received IMRT combined with concurrent ±adjuvant chemotherapy within the same period were assigned to control group. The experiment group was paired with the control group at a ratio of 1vs.4.The survival rates were caculated using Kaplan?Meier method and analyzed using log?rank method,other comparison was perfomed by χ2?test. Results The follow?up rate was 100%.The sample size of experiment group and control group were 42 patients and 168 patients. There were no significant differences in the 3?year OS, LRFS, or DMFS rates between the experiment group and the control group (94?3% vs. 87?3%, P=0?647;100?0% vs. 94?6%,P=0?193;92?2% vs. 89?1%, P=0?744).There were also no significant differences in the incidence rates of grade Ⅲ?Ⅳ gastrointestinal reaction or marrow suppression between the two groups ( 7?1%( 3/42 ) vs. 3?6%( 6/168 ) , P=0?388;26?2%( 11/42 ) vs. 17?3%(29/168),P=0?272).However,the experiment group had significantly higher incidence of grade Ⅲ?Ⅳoral mucositis than the control group ( 40?5%( 17/42 ) vs . 14?9%( 25/168 ) , P=0?000 ) . Conclusions The preliminary results indicate that IMRT combined with chemotherapy plus targeted molecular therapy is not able to substantially improve the OS, LRFS, or DMFS rates in patients with locally advanced NPC. Moreover, it may aggravate radiochemotherapy?induced oral mucositis.

Objective To discover radioresistance associated molecular biomarkers and its mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by protein-protein interaction network analysis.Methods Whole genome expression microarray was applied to screen out differentially expressed genes in two cell lines CNE- 2R and CNE-2 with different radiosensitivity.Four differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for further verification by the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis with self-designed primers. The common differentially expressed genes from two experiments were analyzed with the SNOW online database in order to find out the central node related to the biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance. The expression of STAT1 in CNE-2R and CNE-2 cells was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with CNE-2 cells,374 genes in CNE-2R cells were differentially expressed while 197 genes showed significant differences.Four randomly selected differentially expressed genes were verified by RT-PCR and had same change trend in consistent with the results of chip assay. Analysis with the SNOW database demonstrated that those 197 genes could form a complicated interaction network where STAT1 and JUN might be two key nodes.Indeed,the STAT1-α expression in CNE-2R was higher than that in CNE-2 (t =4.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The key nodes of STAT1 and JUN may be the molecular biomarkers leading to radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and STAT1-α might have close relationship with radioresistance.

Objective To evaluate the mechanism,prevention and prognosis of complications after stent angioplasty in the treatment of carotic artery stenosis. Methods[WT5”BZ] From 1997 to 2003,312 cases of carotid artery stenosis were treated by transluminal stent-assistant angioplasty. Results Procedure-related complication developed in 23 cases including 19 cases of transient mild complications such as transient arrhythmia and hypotension in 10 cases (3.2%) during deploying stent or balloon dilation,transient cerebral ischemia symptoms in 6 cases after balloon dilation,hypotension in 3 cases after the procedure. Severe complications occurred in 4 cases after the procedure,including embolus detachment,stent migration,carotic artery occlusion and fatal cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion Although stent-assistant angioplasty are effective for treatment of carotid artery stenosis,severe complications could develop.

Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were assayed by ELISA in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR),type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM ),and healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance( control group).The results showed that plasma nesfatin-1 levels in IGR and T2DM groups were significantly higher than that in control group [ ( 1.91 ±0.79 and 1.80±0.80 vs 1.41 ±0.58) μg/L,P＜0.01 ].Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were positively correlated with body mass index(BMI),HbA1c,waist hip ratio,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and homoestasis model assessment insulin resistant index( HOMA-IR,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI and HOMA-IR were independent related factors in influencing plasma nesfatin-1 levels (both P＜0.01 ).These results suggest that nesfatin-1 may partially contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Astragalus Injection (AI) on renal function in patients after cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSForty patients scheduled to receive cardiac valve replacement with CPB were randomly assigned to 2 groups equally, the control group and the AI group. Patients in the AI group were administered with AI 40 mL before anesthesia by diluting it in 250 mL 5% glucose solution via intravenous dripping, 20 mL by adding it into the priming solution before CPB and 40 mL once a day diluted as before via intravenous dripping at the foremost 5 successive days after operation. For patients in the control group, equal volume of Ringer's Liquid was given instead of AI. Peripheral blood sample and urine were collected at various time points: before anesthesia (T0), the 1st (T1), 3rd (T3), 5th (T5) and 7th day (T7) after operation, for determining blood levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), as well as urinary levels of beta2-MG, microalbumin (m-Alb) and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG).

RESULTSAs compared with those at T0, in the control group, BUN, Cr at T1 and T3, serum beta2-MG at T3, urinary beta2-MG m-Alb and NAG at T1-T7 were significantly higher, while in the AI group, urinary m-Alb, NAG at T1-5 n and urinary beta2-MG at T1-7 were higher (P < 0.05). As compared with those in the control group, serum BUN at T1-3., Cr and blood beta2-MG at T3, urinary beta2-MG, m-Alb and NAG at T1-7 were lower (P < 0.05) in the AI group.

CONCLUSIONCPB could induce renal failure, and applying AI at the perioperative stage can protect renal function to some certain extent.

Adult ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery

Objective To compare the 7th edition of International Union Against Cancer ( UICC) staging system with the Chinese 2008 staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) , and to provide evidence for further updating of the staging system. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed among 767 patients who were pathologically and newly diagnosed with non?metastatic NPC and treated with intensity?modulated radiotherapy from 2006 to 2012. Based on the main prognostic indices, overall survival ( OS) , locoregional failure?free survival( LFFS) local relapse?free survival ( LRFS) , and distant metastasis?free survival ( DMFS) rates, the value of T stage, N stage, and clinical stage in prognostic prediction was compared between the two staging systems. The Kaplan?Meier method was used for calculating survival rates. The log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis. The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results In terms of T stage, the Chinese 2008 staging system was a significantly better predictor of the OS and LRFS rates than the 7th edition of UICC staging system. In terms of N stage, they were comparable in the prediction of the OS and DMFS rates. In terms of clinical stage, the 7th edition of UICC staging system was a significantly better predictor of the OS rate than the Chinese 2008 staging system. For the new staging system proposed based on the statistical results, the T, N, and clinical staging gave significantly better prognostic prediction. Conclusions The 7th edition of UICC staging system and the Chinese 2008 staging system for NPC have their own advantages in prognostic prediction. The new staging system proposed in this study could contribute to the updating of the current staging system for NPC.

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an effective component of traditional Chinese medicine Chuanxiong, is commonly used to resolve embolism. Its possible therapeutic effect against atherosclerosis has received considerable attention recently. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is highly implicated in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of TMP in the proliferation of VSMCs induced by Ang II remain to be defined. The present study was aimed to study the effect of TMP on Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation through detection of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression. Primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were divided into the control group, Ang II group, Ang II + TMP group and TMP group. Cells in each group were harvested at different time points (15, 30 and 60 min for detection of NF-kappaB activity; 6, 12 and 24 h for measurement of BMP-2 expression). NF-kappaB activation was identified as nuclear staining by immunohistochemistry. BMP-2 expression was observed through Western blot, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results showed that: (1) Ang II stimulated the activation of NF-kappaB. Translocation of NF-kappaB p65 subunit from cytoplasm to nucleus appeared as early as 15 min, peaked at 30 min (P<0.01) and declined after 1 h. (2) TMP inhibited Ang II-induced NF-kappaB activation (P<0.01). (3) Ang II increased BMP-2 expression at 6 h but declined it significantly at 12 and 24 h (P<0.01). (4) BMP-2 expression was also kept at high level at 6 h in Ang II + TMP group but maintained at the normal level at 12 and 24 h. (5) There was no significant difference in NF-kappaB activation and BMP-2 expression between the control group and TMP group. These results indicate that TMP inhibits Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation through repression of NF-kappaB activation and BMP-2 reduction, and BMP-2 expression is independent of the NF-kappaB pathway. In conclusion, TMP has therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Angiotensin II ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors