OBJECTIVETo analyze the changes in CIE L*, a*, and b* at cervical, body, and incisal sites after tooth bleaching by using a spectrophotometer.

METHODSSixty-seven intact and healthy maxillary central incisors were in-vestigated. These incisors were darker than A3 according to the Vita Classical shade guide. The CIE tooth shade parameters L*, a*, and b* were simultaneously recorded at three tooth areas (cervical, body, and incisal) with a spectrophotometer before and after tooth bleaching (35%H2O2 coordinating with Beyond whitening accelerator irradiating). The shade dif-ferential (DeltaE) was calculated. ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe efficacy rates of tooth bleaching were satisfactory, with 86.6%, 86.6%, and 85.1% in the cervical, body, and incisal sites, respectively. The average values of DeltaE were 5.09, 4.44, and 4.40 in the cervical, body, and incisal sites. Tooth bleaching significantly increased L* and significantly decreased a* and b* in all tooth areas (P < 0.01). The decreasing range of Deltab* was more than the increasing range of DeltaL* at the cervical site; opposite results were observed at the incisal site. A positive correlation was detected between baseline b* and DeltaE.

CONCLUSIONThe spectrophotometer could objectively evaluate the whitening effect of tooth bleaching at the different tooth sites. The tooth bleaching system (35%H202 coordinating with Beyond whitening accelerator irradiating) exerts powerful bleaching actions in most of the tooth areas investigated. The order of tooth bleaching effectiveness is cervicalbody>incisal. Yellow coloration is decreased mainly at the cervical site, and brightness was increased mostly at theincisal site. The effectiveness of tooth bleaching increases as the baseline b* value increases.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and clinical significance of CK19 mRNA, CEA mRNA and LUNX mRNA for detecting micrometastasis by sampling the peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes of lung cancer patients. Methods Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect LUNX mRNA,CK19 mRNA, CEA mRNA for micrometastasis by sampling the peripheral blood of 48 lung cancer patients and 44 regional lymph nodes of such patients treated by curative resection. Peripheral blood of 30 patients with pulmonary benign lesions and 10 normal healthy volunteers and lymph nodes of 6 patients with benign pulmonary diseases served as control. Results (1) LUNX mRNA, CK19 mRNA, CEA mRNA were expressed in all(35/35) lung cancer tissues. (2) In the peripheral blood from 48 lung cancer patients, 30(62.5%) were positive for LUNX mRNA, 24 (50.0% ) positive for CK19 mRNA and 32(66.7%) positive for CEA mRNA. The positive detection rates of micrometastasis in 44 lymph nodes from lung cancer patients were 36.4% (16 out of 44) for LUNX mRNA, 27.3%(12 out of 44) for CK19 mRNA and 40.9%(18 out of 44) for CEA mRNA. (3) In the 30 blood samples from patients with pulmonary benign diseases, 2 (6.7%) expressed CK19 mRNA, but none expressed LUNX mRNA or CEA mRNA. All the 3 molecular markers were negative in the 10 blood samples from healthy volunteers. In 11 lymph nodes from patients with pulmonary benign lesions, none was positive for any of the three markers.(4)In 44 regional lymph nodes from lung cancer patients,6(13.6%) were positive for metastasis by histopathological examination, with a positive rate significantly lower than that of the RT-PCR ( P

Objective The study aimed to know the mental health state of juvenile delinquents, to provide basis for the early prevention of juvenile delinquency and the rectification of the unhealthy mental state. Methods The 378 juvenile delinquents from Tianjin reformatory were deem to the study group, the 410 14~18 years old high school students were sampled from a common school as the control group. They were assessed and compared with SCL-90. Result The indices of SCL-90 excluding somatic change, interpersonal relationship were higher than that of the domestic routine model (P

Objective To investigate the urinary endothelin-1 (ET-1) excretion and urinary sodium excretion,microalbuminuria and ambulatory blood pressure(ABP) in salt-sensitive(SS) hypertension patients. Methods Twenty-one cases of normotensive subjects and 32 cases of uncomplicated hypertensive patients were recruited in this study. Salt sensitivity was determined by acute venous saline loading test. Before saline loading, 24-hour ABP measurements were performed. Urine samples were collected to assay ET-1 ,urinary sodium excretion and urinary albumin excretion(UAF). Results Compared to slat-resistant(SR) subgroup, SS showed low urinary ET-1 excretion in normotensive group (P＜0.05) or hypertensive group (P＜0.01) ,regardless of saline loading or not. The nighttime MAP of SS was higher than SR subgroup in normotensive or hypertensive group. Urinary sodium excretion during 4h of saline loading was significantly lower in SS than that in SR hypertensive patients (P＜0. 05). Twenty-four-hour UAE of SS patients was higher than SR group (P＜0.01). Results of further correlation analysis indicated that the urinary ET-1 excretion was positively related to urinary sodium content and negatively to ABP and UAE. Conclusion Urinary ET-1 is low in SS normotensives or hypertension patients,which may play a role in renal sodium retention and renal impairment of SS hypertension patients.

Objective To develop a simple and quick method for detection of stress-induced 5′transfer RNA( tRNA) halves.Methods Total RNA purified from stress induced cells was polyadenylated by poly( A) polymerase, and then degen-erate DNA probes were used to hybridize with 3′tRNA-halves of intact tRNAs,while RNase H specifically degraded the 3′tRNA-halves strand in tRNA-DNA probes hybrids.Using the RNase H digestion total RNA as templates, complementary DNA( cDNA) was synthesized by oligo ( dT) n-anchored primers.The primer of 5′tRNA halves and anchored-primer were used to amplify 5′tRNA halves by PCR.Results The results showed that the method of poly ( A )-tailed-RNase H digestion-RT-PCR could be successfully used to detect stress-induced 5′tRNA halves.Conclusion A simple and quick method for detection of 5′tRNA halves has been established,which is a user-friendly tool for 5′tRNA halves detection and function research.

Objective To study the preventive effects of rh ub arb and dexamethasone(DXM) on stress ulcer. Methods A total of 80 healthy SD rats were made into stress ulcer animal model with tend cold. They were randomly assigned into four groups, including normal control group(20) , DXM intervention group(20), rhubarb intervention group(20) and rhubarb & DXM i ntervention group(20).All of them were observed for the incidence of stress ulce r. Results The stress ulcer incidence were the same in DXM stress ulcer group and normal control group. The stress ulcer incidence in rhuba rb and DXM group was the lowest. Conclusion The DXM doesn't increase the incidence of stress ulcer, while the rhubarb with DXM does decreas e the incidence of stress ulcer.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies from Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology have shown that ostrich cornea has the advantages to be developed into the alternatives of human corneal material.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the potential toxic effects of ostrich corneal stromal scaffold on cel s.
METHODS:Cel culture methods were used to culture L-929 cel s in the extracts of ostrich acel ular corneal
stroma which was dried and dehydrated. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay was used to evaluate the growth and proliferation of cel s after cultured for 1, 2 and 3 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the cel s were cultured in the extracts of ostrich acel ular corneal stroma subjected to dryness and dehydration for 1, 3 and 5 days, and the toxicity level of cultured cel s was graded as level 1. The cytotoxicity test was conducted according to the“National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T16886.5-2003”. After cultured in the extracts of ostrich acel ular corneal stroma, a smal number of cel s were round in shape and loosely adherent without intracytoplasmic granules, and cel lysis could be observed
occasional y. The results of 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay showed that
the ostrich acel ular corneal stromal scaffold which was dried and dehydrated had level 1 of cytotoxicity and could be considered as a qualified material.

Objective To explore the effect of different doses of irbesartan on osteopontin expression and fibrosis in diabetic rat kidney. Methods Sixty-three g-week old male Wistar rat were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl group,n=7),diabetes group (DM group,n=14),30 mg·kg-1d-1 hydralazine administrated group (DM+Hyd group,n=12),25 mg·kg-1·d-1 irbesartan administrated group (DM+Irb25 group,n=10),50 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 irbesartan administrated group(DM+Irb50 group,n=9) and 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 irbesartan administrated group (DM+Irb200 group,n=11).Four weeks after modeling,rats were administered with the corresponding dose of irbesartan.After 12 weeks,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were measured; morphology and collagen deposition in rat kidney were observed by PAS and Masson staining respectively; Ang Ⅱ content in kidney was measured by ELISA; renal tissue TGF-β1 and OPN mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR. Results UAER and Ccr in the intervention groups of irbesartan were significantly decreased compared with DM group (P＜0.05).UAER and Ccr in DM+Irb200 group were significantly lower than those in DM+Irb25 group and DM + Irb50 group (P＜0.05).Glomerular hypertrophy,mesangial matrix expansion,tubular lesions and deposition of collagen fiber were siginficant in diabetic rats compared with Ctrl,and prevented after administration with different doses of irbesartan.Ang Ⅱ protein level and TGF-β1,OPN mRNA expression in renal tissue of diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in Ctrl group.Ang Ⅱ,TGF-β1,and OPN mRNA expression was significantly reduced after administration with different doses of irbesartan,and with the increase of irbesartan,the above indicators were decreased P＜0.05).Renal local Ang Ⅱ level was positively correlated with OPN mRNA expression (r=0.74,P＜0.01). Conclusion Irbesartan reduces renal TGF-β1,OPN mRNA expression by decreasing kidney local Ang Ⅱ in dose-dependent manner,and eventually reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis,which plays a role in kidney protection.

Objective To evaluate the distribution of neuropeptide Y and its receptors in the cardinal ligament and uterosaeral ligaments in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse(POP).Methods Sixteen patients with pelvic organ prolapse entered the study.All patients were evaluated by pelvic organ prolapse quantitation(POP-Q).Group A consisted of six patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ POP,and group B comprised ten patients with grade Ⅲ,Ⅳ POP.Eight nonfunctional ovarian tumor patients without POP were recruited as control subjects.Biopsies of cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament were obtained from each woman during surgery.Immunohistochemical study with polyclonal antibody against a general nerve marker S-100 and neuropeptide Y was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of all the samples.In addition,mRNA levels of the human NPY-Y1 and NPY-Y2 receptors were assessed in both patients and controls.Results (1)NPY immunoreactivities were identified in both cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament. NPY immunoreactive nerve fibers were insignificantly lower in POP patients(P＞0.05).The distribution pattern of NPY was similar in cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament ( P＞0. 05 ). (2)mRNAs encoding the NPY-Y1 and NPY-Y2 receptors were detected in the pelvic supporting tissues. Besides the expected NPY-Y1 PCR products, an additional 97 bp long amplicon originating from an alternative splicing event was found in most tissues studied. (3)In cardinal ligaments, mRNA encoding NPY-Y1 receptor had a significant difference between group A(3.9±1.0)and B (6. 0±1.5), and between control (3.4±0.9) and group B (P = 0. 019,P = 0. 004), while there was no significant difference between group A and controls(P =0. 082). In uteresacral ligaments, mRNA encoding NPY-Y1 receptor had no significant difference between Group A(6. 0±1.1) and B (6. 3±0. 7), or between group A and controls(4. 8±0. 7;P = 0. 151 ,P = 0. 690);while there was a significant difference between group B and controls (P = 0. 016).(4) mRNA encoding NPY-Y2 receptor had no significant difference between controls (0. 49±0. 34, 0. 61±0. 15 ), group A (0. 56±0. 21,0. 67±0. 13) and group B (0. 85±0. 43, 0. 69±0. 21 ) patients in cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligaments ( P＞0. 05 ). (5) mRNA encoding NPY-Y1 ( P = 0. 084 ) and NPY-Y2 (P=0.470) receptors had no significant difference between cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament.Conclusions There are NPY and NPY receptors in cardinal and uterosacral ligaments. The increased expression of NPY Y1 receptor may be related to local blood flow reduction and structural changes of pelvic supporting tissue.

Objective To study the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Method The rat models of 1CH were produced by injecting autologous blood into caudate necleus by using stereotatic techique. One hundred ten male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely normal group,sham operation group, 1CU group, and EPO treatment group. The immunohistochemistry and TUNEL were used to detect expressions of Bc 1-2 and Bax,and apoptosis cells. LSD- t and Pearson correlation were used to analyzing data. Results The positive cells of TUNEL Bcl-2 and Bax in ICH group and EPO group obviously increased over 6 hours,and reached peak 72 hours later,and decreased over 120 hours,and the positive cells in different intervals significantly decreased in ICH group and EPO group compared with those in sham operation group (P < 0.01). The positive cells of TUNEL and Bax in EPO group in different intervals significantly decreased compared with those in ICH group (P < 0.01). The Bcl-2 positive cells in EPO group in different intervals significantly increased compared with those in ICH group (P < 0.01). The Bax protein expression, Bax/Bcl-2 and apoptosis presented positive correlation (P < 0.01). Conclusions Apoptosis may induce some brain injury after ICH,and EPO can decrease the number of apoptotic cells after ICH by up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax.