In experimental teaching of medical physiology for medical students,simulation experiment,which is developed from animal substitute and animal protection,can mimic animal ex-periments by multiple medias,and result in increasing students' study interests,enhancing the teaching effects and decreasing the cost of goods including experiment animals.However,the ratio of simulation experiment to experimental teaching of medical physiology needs to be discussed and determined in future.

BACKGROUND:Analgesia in different ways can be selected for the elderly in hip and knee arthroplasty. Considering the actual situation of the elderly patients, choice of anesthesia should be reasonable in order to achieve fast acting, long lasting time and good analgesic effect. OBJECTIVE:To explore the analgesic effect of ropivacaine of lumbar epidural anesthesia on elderly knee arthroplasty. METHODS:A total of 78 elderly patients aged 80-96 years, who were treated with hip and knee arthroplasty in the Shenyang Orthopaedic Hospital from September 2011 to September 2014, were enrol ed in this study. They were equal y and randomly assigned to control group and observation group, and separately administered continuous epidural anesthesia and lumbar epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine. The excel ent and good rate, onset time, anesthetic induction, frequency of use of Duffing mixture, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The excel ent and good rate of analgesic effect was higher in the observation group (97%) than in the control group (87%) (P<0.05). Onset time was significantly shorter, the dose of anesthetic was significantly less, frequency of use of Duffing mixture was significantly less in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The difference was not significant in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Above results indicated that lumbar epidural anesthesia of ropivacaine obtained good analgesic effects during elderly knee arthroplasty.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of combining kinesio taping with filtered infrared-A irradiation in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:Eighty-six patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into a control group ( n=43) and an observation group ( n=43). Both groups received 20 minutes of irradiation with water-filtered infrared-A per day for 14 days, while the observation group was also given kinesio taping after the irradiation on 6 days of each week for the two weeks. Before and after the 2 weeks of treatment, both groups were evaluated for pain, their active and passive range of motion (AROM and PROM) of the shoulder, as well as the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, and their Constant-Murley score (CMS). The subjects also evaluated the functioning of their own shoulders using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results:After the treatment, the average VAS scores of both groups were significantly higher than before the treatment, but the observation group′s average was significantly higher than that of the control group. There was significant improvement in the average AROM and PROM in both groups, but in the observation group the average AROM in anteflexion, rear protraction, abduction and extorsion and the average PROM in anteflexion and abduction were significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average total CMS scores of both groups had also improved significantly, but with significantly greater improvement in the observation group leading to a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention.Conclusions:Supplementing water-filtered infrared-A irradiation with kinesio taping is very effective in relieving pain, as well as improving ROM and life quality for persons with scapulohumeral periarthritis.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of finasteride in treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) during a 14-year period in a hospital.Methods Forty-one patients with BPH receiving finasteride 5 mg daily for the treatment from December 1994 to Febrary 2009 were included in the study. The base line and the end of study data of nocturia, prostate volume, serum creatine, complete blood count and serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were recorded. The acute urinary retention, surgical treatment and drug adverse reaction (prostate cancer or breast cancer) during the observation periods were recorded as well.ResultsAll the 41 cases took finasteride regularly for long-term medical therapy of BPH. At the end of this study, the average age of patients was (87.9±5.4) years old and the average duration of treatment was (141.1±27.1) months. The numbers of nocturia were 1.8±1.5 and 3.2±1.3 pre- and post- treatment, respectively (t= -4.52,P<0. 05). Before and at the end of the study, the prostate volumes were (44.9±26.6) ml and (42.8±31.3) ml, respectively(t=0. 33,P>0.05). Stratified study showed that, compared with the baseline data, the prostate volume was increased by 17.3 ％ in patients with prostate volume <25 ml(t= -0. 88 ,P>0. 05) ; the prostate volume was decreased by 17.2％ in patients with prostate volume of 25-40 ml(t=2.59,P<0.05); the prostate volumes were (63.3±28. 9) ml and (62.6±36.5) ml pre- and post-treatment in patients with prostate volume > 40 ml, and there was no significant change(t= 0.07, P>0. 05). Before and after the treatment, the serum creatine levels were (96.8±18. 6) mol/L and (86.45±32. 3) mol/L, respectively(t= 1.79, P>0. 05) ; the white blood cell counts were (6.4±1.5) × 109 L and (6.0±1.7) ×109 L, respectively (t= 1.13,P>0. 05) ; and the PSA levels were (1.2±2.0) μg/L and (1.4±1.7) μg/L, respectively (t=-0. 49,P>0. 05). Three cases (7.3％) occurred acute urinary retention. There was no prostate cancer and breast cancer case, and no new adverse event occurred during long-time use of finasteride. Conclusions This retrospective study has demonstrated that the clinical progress of BPH can be controlled effectively by long-term administration of finasteride.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important clinical disease, and its global prevalence and mortality rates are high. It is meaningful to investigate the efficacy of integrative respiratory rehabilitation training in quality of life and respiratory physiology of COPD patients in stable phase. Objective: To observe the efficacy of integrative respiratory rehabilitation training in exercise ability and quality of life of COPD patients in stable phase. Design, setting, participants and interventions: Eighty outpatients and inpatients with COPD from Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 20 patients in each group. The patients in group A only received drug therapy, the patients in group B received traditional qigong training, the patients in group C received modern rehabilitation training, and the patients in group D received integrative respiratory rehabilitation training. Main outcome measures: Chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ), 6-minute walking distance and Borg score in each group were examined before and after one-, three-, and six-month and one-year treatment. Results: The 6-minute walking distance, Borg score and CRQ score in group A had no significant changes after treatment (P>0.05). After one-month treatment, there were no significant differences in 6-minute walking distance and Borg score in groups B, C and D as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After three-month treatment, 6-minute walking distance and Borg score were improved in groups B, C and D (P<0.05). After six-month and one-year treatment, 6-minute walking distance, Borg score and CRQ score in groups B, C and D were improved as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between group D and any of groups A, B and C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Modern rehabilitation training, traditional qigong training and integrative respiratory rehabilitation training programs all can improve the quality of life and exercise ability of COPD patients, and integrative respiratory rehabilitation training program is better than modern rehabilitation training and traditional qigong training programs. The efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation training is time-dependent, and need long-time adherence to the therapy.

This paper introduces a method for feature extraction of surface EMG signal with fuzzy wavelet packet and classification with C4.5 decision tree. The application of the method to the classification of four action EMG signals proves its effectivity and high recognition rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on inflammation and amyloid-beta peptide in hippocampus of depressive rats.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to generate animal models of depression.Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):depression model group (group D),electroconvulsive shock group (group DE),ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock group (group DKE),and ketamine group (group DK).Rats in group D received sham ECS treatment;rats in group DE received ECS treatment;rats in group DKE were given intraper-itoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received ECS treatment;rats in group DK were given intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received sham ECS treatment.Morris water maze was used to assess the memory abilities of rats.The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of soluble Aβ.Results Before the administration of ECS or ketamine treatment,there was no significant difference in the escape latencies and space exploration time between the 4 groups (P>0.05).After the ECS and ketamine treatment,rats of group DKE exhibited a shorter escape latencies and a longer space exploration time,and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were down-regulated while the concentration of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were increased compared with group DE with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ketamine can alleviate ECS-induced learning and memory impairments in depressive rats.This cognition-protecting effect of ketamine may be attributed to its suppression of ECS-induced neuroinflammation and decrease of the levels of soluble Aβ in the hippocampus of depressive rats.

Objective In order to increase the operation coverage of high-frequency (HF) RFID reader without increasing the power output, a novel RFID antenna for multi-drawer intelligent medicine-chest are proposed. Using this antenna, the RFID tags on medicine can be read effectively. Methods Several small antenna coils can be combined in series or parallel connection to make a more efficient RFID reader antenna. The use of small coil will be helpful to eliminate the blind spot of RFID reader with large coil antenna. Results The medicine-chest's size is 58 cm?50 cm?62 cm3, which includes two or three layers. We design four combined small antenna coils to cover the drawer. The test result shows that the antenna read region is about 54 cm?48 cm?30 cm, all RFID tags in the medicine-chest drawer bottom and most RFID tags in the drawer top can be read. Conclusion The multi-drawer coil antenna designed can effectively recognize the RFID tags in medicine-chest. It has a wide application prospect.

Objective To explore the effect of minimally invasive surgery in patients with multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Methods Clinical data of 48 patients with multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia from January 2010 to January 2016 were retrospective analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and observation group according to the operation method, 24 cases in each. Patients in control group were treated with thoracotomy, while patients in observation group were treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Results The incision length, operative time, blood loss, postoperative thoracic drainage time and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patients with fractured ribs of the two groups were cured after bandage fixation and the observation group were treated with no conversion to thoracotomy. Clinical efficiency of the two groups were 91.67% and 79.16% and the overall complication rate was 8.32% and 37.48% respectively, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The video-assisted thoracic surgery in treatment of multiple fractured ribs complicated with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia has advantages of less trauma and blood loss during operation, shorter operation time, faster postoperative recovery, and better curative effect, lower incidence of complications. It can be further promoted and used in clinical.

Objective　To investigate the effect of total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy(GM). Methods　The clinical data of total gastrectomy in 113 patients with GM were analysed retrospectively. Results　Radical total gastrectomy was performed in 97 cases, palliative total gastrectomy in 16 cases, combined with resection of head or tail of pancreas, splenectomy, transverse colectomy or parital hepatectomy in 19 cases. Reconstruction of digestive tract : Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy in 26 cases, Braun esophagojejunostomy in 19 cases, Roux-en-Y jejunal p-type anastomosis in 68 cases, Postopterative complications occurred in15 cases,including pancreatic fistula in one cases,anastomostic leakage in 3; operative death was happened in 2 cases.　86 patients (76%)have been followed up, the postoperative 1-,3-,5-year survival rate in radical total gastrectomy, combined resection organs and palliative total gastrectomy was 77.9％,45.7％,37.2％;88.8％,55.5％,33.3％; and 80％,0％,0％ respectively. Conclusions　The effect of total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy can be successful, if the indications are stricted and combined with rational viscers resection.