Objective To discuss the early impact of cryosurgery ablation on the function of T cellular immunity in tumor-bearing rabbits through observing the changes of T cell subsets after cryosurgery procedure in experimental rabbits.Methods ① Thirty tumor-bearing rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups:group A,receiving cryosurgical treatment;group B,receiving surgical resection;and group C,used as control group.②Both the preoperative and the postoperative peripheral blood T cell subsets were determine in all experimental rabbits of three groups,the results were compared and statistically analyzed.Results After the procedure,CD8 was significantly decreased in all three groups(P

Cryosurgery has already become one of the main means to treat advanced malignancies.Not only can the cryosurgery kill the tumor cells directly, it can make the human body to activate T cellular immunity as well.The purpose of this article is to summarize the achievements in the research related to the influence of cryosurgery on T cellular immunity in patients with malignancies and also to make a prospect of cryosurgery therapy in near future.

Objective To evaluate argon-helium cryoablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing the changes of AFP level and T cell immunity after the therapy with that obtained after the treatment of argon-helium cryoablation alone and with that obtained after the treatment of TACE alone. Methods (1) Ninety-nine patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n=30), treated with argon-helium cryoablation; group B (n=34), treated with TACE; and group C (n=35), treated with argon-helium cryoablation together with TACE. The patients' gender, age and pathology of three groups were comparable with each other. (2) The peripheral blood T cell immunity and AFP level both before and after the treatment were determined and the results were statistically compared. Results After the treatment the AFP level in all 3 groups was significantly reduced when compared to that determined before the treatment (P < 0.05). And the difference in the decrease of AFP level between group C and A, also between group C and B, was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the treatment the T cell immunity, including Th, TS and Th / TS, in all 3 groups was significantly different from that determined before the treatment (P < 0.01), and significant difference also existed between group C and A and between group C and B (P < 0.01). Conclusion The statistic analysis of AFP and T cell immunity, which are regarded as the index of therapeutic efficacy, indicates that argon-helium cryoablation combined with TACE is superior to simple argon-helium cryoablation and also to simple TACE in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Researchers suggest that thermal damage happens when the temperature of biological tissues is over 44℃. Accurate analysis of burn range wil facilitate diagnosis and therapy of skin burns. OBJECTIVE: To establish the mathematical model of the skin tissues subjected to high temperature and to analyze heat transfer process, and then to predict the burn range of the skin. METHODS:A finite element method was used to simulate the temperature field when the skin tissue was burned. And the relevant animal experiment was conducted to identify the mathematical model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The temperature field was obtained by using the finite element method and the variation tendency between the theoretical data and the experimental data were agreed, but they did not fuly coincide. The scope of skin burn can be predicted by the present finite element method, and help to research the process of heat transfer.

Objective To explore the applied value of urine light chainκ、λand κ/λ ratio test in older people with B cell malignant proliferative disease.Methods Young volunteers, general older patients, kidney failure older patients and older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease were selected and immunoephe-lometry method was applied to detect the level of urine light chainκ、λ and κ/λ ratio.Result The average levels (mg/L)of urine light chain κand λin older patients with kidney failure group(172.00 ±188.10,111.50 ± 109.32)were higher than that in general older patients group(32.72 ±33.60,15.02 ±15.58).In each of the ol-der patients groups,the levels of urine light chainκandλwere higher than that in young volunteers groups(9.30 ±5.80,4.97 ±2.61).The κ/λ ratios of urine light chain in older patients with kidney failure group(1.59 ± 0.4),general older patients group(2.19 ±0.54)and young volunteers group(1.92 ±0.48)were consistent,how-ever,it was significantly abnormal in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease group,the ratio was high inκtype(44.8 ±83.17)and low inλtype(0.06 ±0.08).After effective treatment, κ/λ ratio of urine light chain in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease tended to normal.Conclusion The level of u-rine light chainκandλis effected by renal function,but not involved the κ/λ ratio.B cell malignant proliferative disease significantly affects theκ/λratio of urine light chain.Constantly monitoring the change ofκ/λratio of u-rine light chain in older peoples with B cell malignant proliferative disease can reflect the proliferative degree of malignant B cell in vivo.

Objective To study the clinical evaluation of Shenqi Fugan granule for chronic Hepatitis C and its effect on WBC and neutrophil count.Methods 135 patients with chronic hepatitis C from October 2014 to September 2016 were randomly divided into control group(n=68)and control group(n=68).The patients in control group were treated with reserpine.The patients in the observation group were treated with Shenqi Fugan Granule,and then the numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils were measured before and after treatment at 2,4 and 8 weeks after treatment.Meanwhile,the patients in both groups were treated before and after treatment.Liver function recovery,and to make a comprehensive evaluation of its clinical effect.Results There were significant differences between the two groups before and after treatment(P<0.05).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the liver function(alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL))in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group,and the total effective rate(91.18％)in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group Total effective rate(85.07％),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of Shenqi Fugan Granule on chronic hepatitis C is significant,which can effectively inhibit the decrease of peripheral white blood cell count and middle cell count,and the safety is higher.

The objective structured teaching evaluation (OSTE) is a new method for training and objective assessment of the teaching ability of clinical faculty by using standardized students and teaching scenario.It is mainly used to evaluate training programs,train teaching skills and assess teaching ability of clinical faculty.The differences and association between teaching ability,teaching skills and teaching scenario should be clarified before designing OSTE.Although there are some differences in various studies,OSTE can be summarized into two aspects:teaching administration knowledge and special teaching skills.Given the great potential of OSTE in training and assessing faculty,medical educators in general should actively explore its concept and application.

Objective To observe the ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium of Ixodes sinensis after infesting rabbits immunized with {Mr 105 000} purified tick antigen. MethodsNew Zealand rabbits were inoculated with {Mr 105 000} purified antigen by means of mutiple intradermal injection in foot pad, groin and back. Each immunized rabbit was infested by 30 female Ixodes sinensis. At 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 5 days and 8 days after infestation, three Ixodes sinensis in each group were observed for ultrastructural changes in the epithelium of their midgut. Results Histological examinations showed that with the time going, digestive cells of the ticks after infesting hosts became more and larger with dense and regularly arranged microvilli, enriched organella, distinct unit_membrane structure, and the appearance of tubli, small vacuole, numerous lipid droplets and hematin granules. These cells also developed a highly infolded basal lamina, forming a labyrinth system. The digestive cells of immunized group were however greatly damaged, whose number and volume were significantly different from control groups. From 24 to 48 hours after infestation, the midgut epithelium of Ixodes sinensis showed pathological changes with the basal lamina becoming thinner, looser and broken; digestive cells damaged and vacuolated; microvilli decreased, shortened and irregularly arranged; the mitochondria swollen and its crests reduced, shortened and even with myeloid changes; the rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated; lipid droplets and hematin granules decreased; phagocytic and pinocytic activity weakened; and basal labyrinth system vacuolated. From 72 hours to 8 days after infestation, cells were severely damaged, organella were denatured and necrotic, nuclei showed pyknosis and cells lysed. Conclusion The rabbits immunized with {Mr 105 000} purified ixodic protein have acquired the adoptive immunity against Ixodes sinensis; in the anti_tick immunity described above, the midgut of Ixodes sinensis is the major affected site.

Objective To investigate the relationship between circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in peripher-al blood and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Method From Mar 2010 to Mar 2015, patients with pancreatic cancer in guangzhou first people′s hospital were enrolled in this study. Immunomagetic negative en-richhment together with immunofluorescence were used to identify CTCs. The clinical data of all patients were analyzed. Result No CTCs were found in peripheral blood of healthy control cases. The detection date of CTCs was 60.0%. The positive rate of CTCs was closely correlated with cell differentiation and the clinical stage. Con clusion CTCs count in old patients with pancreatic cancer can reflect the status of the patients and is help-ful for the diagnosis of micrometastasis , re-determination of the clinical stage and the guidance of patients′s treatment. CTCs count can predict the survival time of elderly patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the changes in needs of standard training for general practice during the period of 2000 to 2006.Methods Sixty-two trainees participated in a municipal training program for general practitioners(GPs)in Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai were interviewed by questionnaire to understand their recognition of general practice and needs in training for general practice,and compared to other 53 trainees who entered an another training program in 2000.Results Nineteen of 53 trainees(36percent)trained in 2000 could understand all the six aspects of general practice,including medical and health care,preventive care,rehabilitative care,health education and family planning techniques service,51(94 percent)were willing to accept such training,and 30(57 percent)did not satisfy with current conditions in community health care service.As compared,their recognition for general practice,acceptance of training,and satisfaction with their working condition improved obviously in trainees trained in 2006,with proportions of 100 percent,100 percent and 98 percent,respectively.But,main reason for dissatisfaction with community health care service could still attribute to less attention paid to general practice by relevant leadership.Conclusions Nowadays.the needs in general practice training by health care workers in communities increased greatly,but which still should be supported by governmental policies.