The rapid progress in surgery in China has been closely related to government investment in public health care, construction of medical talents team, and basic and clinical research. The achievements of bench studies promote the development of clinical surgery. Translational medicine (bench-bedside-bench) has gained much attention in the medical community. The driving force promoting long-term development of surgery in China includes collaboration of basic scientists and surgeons, cultivation of surgeons with aptitude in scientific research, initiation of clinical research and popularization of multidisciplinary team.
Biomedical Research ; China ; General Surgery ; Humans

Objective To optimize the solvent extraction of Rhubarbs. Methods With different concentrations of alcohol as the solvent, the amount of solvent, the extracting time and the extracting frequencies were assayed by orthogonal test to detect their influences on the extraction rate of rhubarb anthraquinone. And the extracts were analyzed and their pharmacodymamic effects were studied. Results Indicated by the content of total anthraquinones, the best conditions was: reflux extraction with 5- fold 50 % alcohol for 3 times, 0.5 h per time. The purgative activity of the extracts was stronger than that in the positive control group. Conclusion Optimization of the extracting conditions can promote the purgative activity of the extracts. 

Objective To analyze the characteristics and therapeutic effects in the elderly patients with acute eholangitis of severe type(ACST) Methods The clinical data of 60 cases of elderly patients with ACST. Results The cured 44 cases(73.3% )and 16 deaths(26.7% ) ,the cause of death:septic shock four cases (25.0%) ,3 cases of acute renal failure(18.8%) ,ARDS four cases(25.0% ) ,multi - organ failure five cases(31.3% ). Incidence surgery within 24 h the deaths of three cases( 18.8% ) ,significantly less than 24 h after surgery incidence death in 13 cases (81.3%) ( X2= 7.72, P<0.01 );correct preoperative shock has been 40 cases, six cases of death ( 15.0% ) was significantly lower than the preoperative shock not corrected in 20 cases,death in 10 patients(50.0% ) ( X2=6.75 ,P <0.01 ). Conclusion The cure rate was improved from early diagnosis and perioperative management in the elderly patients with acute cholangitis of severe type.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; therapy

Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective · To understand current smoking status and analyze its influencing factors among university students in Shanghai, and provide reference and guidance for further efforts of tobacco control in campus. Methods · A total of 4816 students from 19 col eges in Shanghai were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and the sample size in each part was decided by proportion of col eges and types of specialities. Self-administered questionnaire was conducted to understand the current tobacco use and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results · The overal smoking prevalence of col ege students in Shanghai was 5.80%. General y, smoking prevalence of junior col ege students was higher than that of undergraduates (11.27% vs 3.68%, P<0.05) and smoking prevalence of male students was higher than that of females (11.10% vs 0.95%, P<0.05). Nonsmokers endorsed higher awareness on the harm of smoking and second-hand smoking than smokers(P<0.01). Besides, nonsmokers had a more positive attitude towards tobacco control policy than smokers (P<0.01). Students who studied in the junior college, males, in the senior grade, majored in liberal arts, with higher monthly living expenses, held negative attitude in raising cigarette prices and supporting of establishing smoke-free campuses were more likely to be smokers. Conclusion · Tobacco use among university students in Shanghai deserves attention. It is necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth education to prevent and reduce smoking among the university students.

Gastric cancer remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in China. Radical operation is the only potentially curative therapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). D2 radical gastrectomy has been widely accepted as a standard surgical procedure for patients with AGC in China. Several clinical trials have revealed that more extended resection than D2 surgery has no impact on survival. In order to improve the prognosis of AGC patients, it is necessary to carry out the preoperative TNM staging for selecting a reasonable therapeutical modality before surgery. Multimodality treatment involving perioperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy or molecular targeting agents in addition to surgery have been thought to be promising treatment strategy. In this article, we present an update on the current literature regarding the trends of surgical multimodal treatment for the patients with AGC.
Combined Modality Therapy ; trends ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingyan Mixture for laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency. Methods Sixty laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was given oral use of Qingyan Mixture, and the control group was given oral use of Ketotifen and Carbetapentane. The course of treatment for both groups lasted for 10 days. The overall therapeutic effect, and the effect on individual symptom or sign were evaluated after treatment. Results ( 1) In the treatment group, six patients were cured, 14 were markedly effective, 8 were improved, 2 were ineffective and the total effective rate was 93.3%. In the control group, one case was cured, 7 were markedly effective, 17 were improved, 5 were ineffective and the total effective rate was 83.3%. The overall clinical effect in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01) . (2) As for the effect on individual symptom or sign, the treatment group showed stronger effect on dry cough than the control group ( P<0.01) , while differences of dry pharynx, throat itching, foreign body sensation in the throat, and pharyngeal signs were insignificant between the two groups (P>0.05) . (3) After treatment, the total scores of main symptoms were decreased in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01) compared with those before treatment. Conclusion Qingyan Mixture shows certain effect on relieving symptoms and signs of laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency.

Patent foramen ovale(PFO)is a special kind of atrial septal abnormal communication with no significant hemodynamic abnormal shunting between the two atrial together with no correlative clinical signs and symptoms.During recent years,there is a new finding of PFO,concerning about the occurrences of abnormal embolism,stroke,migraine etc,which are closely or indirectly related with the existence of PFO.In addition,atrial septal bulging complicated with PFO is also a risk factor for cerebral infarction arousing the critical attention for this disorder.This article presents a comprehensive evaluation about the incidence,clinical features,diagnosis and preventive measures of PFO.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a highly specific and invasive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma derived from mature T-cells that leave the thymus.At present, the clinical progress in PTCLs is behind that in B-cell lymphomas, and the current treatments for PTCLs have low efficacy and poor overall prognosis.Therefore, there is currently still no standard treatment for PTCL.The efficacy of the conventional CHOP chemotherapy regimen is poor, and the value of radiotherapy in early-stage PTLC patients remains to be determined.Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the top choice for consolidation treatment for high-risk patients, but the efficacy of novel drugs for PTCLs needs to be further confirmed.In addition, PET/CT plays a more important role in predicting the prognosis of PTCLs.