Objective To understand the HIV infection status among pregnant women in Henan province and provide basis for preventing mother to child transmission of AIDS.Methods The HIV-test results obtained from January 2005 to May 2007 among pregnant woman in 31 counties(districts)with relatively high HIV prevalence were analyzed.Results A total of 720 605 pregnant woman were tested for HIV antibody,of whom 541 were identified HIV positive and the HIV-positive rate was 0.08%.Of the 364 HIV positive pregnant women 223(61.26%)decided voluntarily to terminate pregnancy,while 136(37.88%)chose to continue with their pregnancy,and the proportion of HIV positive pregnant women who continued with the pregnancy in the 3 different years was 31.51%(46/146),36.31%(57/157)and 54.10%(33/61),respectively,showing an yearly rising trend.Of the 284 HIV positive mothers 250(88.03%)received PMTCT intervention.Conclusion The rate of PMTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women can be further improved by increasing HIV testing among pregnant women and HIV positive women of child bearing age and by early identifying and managing them.

Interleukin family plays an important role in cleating the infection of Toxoplasma gondii in the body of host such as destroying the infected cells,constructing immunity system and regulating immunity balance,and so on.Here we reviewed the role of several important interleukin family members so as to provide scientific basis for the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

The five volumes of Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan contain more than 1040 kinds of ethnic medicines and national medicines experiene that are commonly used by 25 minority nationalities in Yunnan.Among them,there are 147 species of toxic drugs,including five with fatal toxicity,14 with strong toxicity,57 with toxicity,and 71 with mild toxicity.In order to guarantee the validity and safety of national drug use,Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica applied modern science and technology to study the safety,efficacy and pharmacognosy of 30 kinds of commonly used toxic folk drugs contained in Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan.This paper chooses five typical national medicinal herbs Stephania delavayi,Euphorbia neriifolia,Alocasia cucullata,Achillea wilsoniana and Chamaenerion angustifolium,and summarizes their national medicinal and toxicity experience.The results of acute toxicity test showed that the five national medicinal herbs are toxic.The pharmacodynamic experiments showed that S.delavayi has analgesic action,E.neriifolia has anti-inflammatory action,A.cucullata has analgesic and antitussive effects,Ach.wilsoniana has analgesic effect,and C.angustifolium has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:To evaluate and compare the early and long-term outcomes of rheumatic patients who underwent left-side heart valve replacement with concomitant tricuspid valve replacement, and analyze the difference of early mortality and long-term survival rate between mild pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and moderate to severe PASP patients.Methods:From January 2009 to December 2018, 79 cases of patients were reviewed and summarized. The mean age before operation was (45.7±7.8) years old. These patients were divided into mild PASP group(<50 mmHg, 38 cases) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and moderate-severe PASP group (>50 mmHg, 41 cases) . Kaplan- Meier method was used to estimate the overall long-term survival rate and the incidence of complications, and to compare the long-term survival rate of patients with mild and moderate -severe PASP elevation. Results:The mortality rate of early postoperative patients was 8.9% (7/79). The causes of death included: low cardiac output syndrome in 3 cases, multiple organ failure caused by pulmonary infection in 2 cases, acute renal insufficiency in 1 case, sudden cardiac arrest in 1 case. Although the mortality rate of early moderate-severe PASP group (12.2% vs. 5.3%) was higher than that of mild PASP group, there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). The mean follow-up time was (51.8±31.7) months (3-115 months). Kaplan- Meier method was used to estimate the 10-year survival rate, the rate of avoiding thrombosis, the rate of avoiding serious bleeding event and the rate of avoiding reoperation, which were (67.2±10.6)%, (85.7±6.2)%, (83.4± 6.9)% and (93.7 ± 3.7)%, respectively. Although the long-term survival rate of mild PASP (78.0±10.6) % was higher than that of moderate-severe PASP (62.8 ± 13.4) %, there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The early mortality rate of rheumatic patients who underwent left-side heart valve replacement with concomitant tricuspid valve replacement is still relatively high. The recurrent heart failure is the major causes of long-term death.

Aim To explore the influencing factors of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)after drug-e-luting stent(DES)implantation in young and middle-aged patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods Retrospective study data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were extracted from the Dryad database,and young and middle-aged CAD patients who received DES were divided into MACE group(n=57)and non MACE group(n=321)according to whether MACE occurred during the follow-up period.Clinical data including age,gender etc.were compared between the two groups,and the variables with significant differences between the two groups were substitu-ted into Logistic regression model to screen the influencing factors of MACE after DES implantation in young and middle-aged CAD patients.Value of influencing factors predicting occurrence of MACE after DES implantation in young and mid-dle-aged CAD patients was evaluated by plotting ROC curve and calculating the area under the curve(AUC).Results Stent diameter in MACE group was significantly smaller than that in non MACE group(P＜0.001),the number of left main coronary artery lesion in MACE group was significantly higher than that in non MACE group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Lo-gistic regression analysis indicated that stent diameter(OR=0.184,95％CI:0.084～0.405,P＜0.001)and left main coronary artery lesion(OR=9.319,95％CI:2.291～37.904,P=0.002)were the independent risk factors of MACE after DES implantation in young and middle-aged CAD patients.The risk of MACE after DES implantation in young and middle-aged CAD patients significantly decreased when the stent diameter was＞3 mm.The AUC of stent diameter com-bined with left main coronary artery lesion predicting occurrence of MACE after DES implantation in young and middle-aged CAD patients was 0.700(95％CI:0.623～0.776).Conclusion The smaller stent diameter and left main coronary artery lesion are the influencing factors of the occurrence of MACE after DES implantation in young and middle-aged pa-tients with CAD,and should be emphasized by clinical practitioners.

One of the primary purposes of the innovative development of ethnomedicines is to use their excellent safety and significant efficacy to serve a broader population.To achieve this purpose,modern scientific and technological means should be referenced,and relevant national laws and regulations as well as technical guides should be strictly followed to develop standards and to perform systemic research in producing ethnomedicines.Finally,ethnomedicines,which are applied to a limited extent in ethnic areas,can be transformed into safe,effective,and quality-controllable medical products to relieve the pain of more patients.The innovative development path of ethnomedicines includes the following three primary stages:resource study,standardized development research,and industrialization of the achievements and efforts for internationalization.The implementation of this path is always guaranteed by the research and development platform and the talent team.This article is based on the accumulation of long-term practice and is combined with the relevant disciplines,laws and regulations,and technical guidance from the research and development of ethnomedicines.The intention is to perform an in-depth analysis and explanation of the major research thinking,methods,contents,and technical paths involved in all stages of the innovative development path of ethnomedicines to provide useful references for the development of proper ethnomedicine use.

Innovative development extends the vitality of ethnomedicines.Developing ethnomedicines is not only beneficial to the public but also to the related industry and transforms economic growth,driving local social and economic development further.Its economic benefit can be used to optimize and promote the hardware and software of the platform,as well as support the sustainable development of ethnomedicines.Apart from research and discussion on the innovative development of ethnomedicines on the basis of theory and regulations,this series of articles also summarizes cases that are conducive to the overall understanding of the necessity and feasibility of the innovative development.In terms of industrial development,large enterprises and products,such as Yunnan Baiyao,Guizhou Miao ethnomedicines,Cheezheng Tibetan Medicine,products developed from Dengzhanhua (Erigeron breviscapus),the Gold series of Yi ethnomedicines,and products developed from Sanqi (Panax notoginseng),in China are introduced and summarized,focusing on resource superiority,sustainable innovation,standard research and development,and production,as well as intellectual property protection.

Objective Metabolites produced by metabolic imbalance such as free fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides can result in a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, or metabolic inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. The above metabolic disorders are closely related with the metabolic inflammation, which always coexist. Therefore, we proposed the concept ofmetabolic inflammatory syndrome ( MIS). According to our study, patients with two or more metabolic disorders above could be diagnosed as MIS. The current research is aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIS and its components, and to compare the clinical values of MIS and metabolic syndrome ( MS) . Methods 2 001 in patients with type 2 diabetes from 6 hospitals in Shanghai were recruited in the current multi-center cross-sectional study. The diagnostic rates of MIS and MS and their components of both syndromes were compared. Results In the patients with type 2 diabetes, the detective rate of MIS was 96. 2%, which was higher than that of MS (71. 3%). Among 4 components of MIS, atherosclerosis showed the highest detective rate (75.6%). MIS[OR=2.252(95%CI1.026-4.942),P=0.043],atherosclerosis[OR=2.726(95% CI1.953-3. 804),P<0. 001], and MS[OR=1. 915 (95%CI 1. 444-2. 540),P<0. 01] were the risk factors of coronary heart disease. Conclusion With atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity as its 4 components, MIS has a high detective rate in patients with metabolic disorders, and seems to be more sensitive than MS to distinguish inflammation-related metabolic diseases. The concept of MIS will promote the screening and prevention of atherosclerosis in its early stage.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the lipid-lowering activity of Quansanqi tablets（QSQ）， an innovative new drug of Panax notoginseng. MethodMice and golden hamsters were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model by injecting egg yolk milk and feeding high-fat diets. The levels of total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride （TG），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected， and liver function indicators ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate amino-transferase （AST）， and alkaline phosphatase （ALP）］ of golden hamsters were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the degree of liver injury. In the experiments， a normal group， a model group， an atorvastatin calcium group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose QSQ groups （0.32， 0.64， 1.28 g·kg^-1 for mice， and 0.16， 0.32， 0.64 g·kg^-1 for golden hamsters） were set up. ResultCompared with the normal group， the acute hyperlipidemia model mice showed increased TC， TG， and LDL-C levels （P<0.01）， and the hyperlipidemia model mice showed increased TC and LDL-C levels （P<0.01）. Additionally， the hyperlipidemia model golden hamsters showed increased serum TC， TG， LDL-C， ALT， AST， and ALP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining indicated the presence of fat accumulation in the liver， accompanied by inflammatory reactions. Compared with the model group， QSQ of various doses could reduce TC， TG， and LDL-C levels in acute hyperlipidemia model mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the high-dose QSQ could reduce TC and LDL-C levels （P<0.01） and increase HDL-C level （P<0.05） in hyperlipidemia model mice， as well as reduce TC， TG， and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemia model golden hamsters （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the first two weeks. In addition， atorvastatin calcium could further increase ALT， AST， and ALP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and aggravate liver function damage， while low-dose QSQ could reduce ALT， AST， and ALP （P<0.05）， and medium- and high-dose QSQ did not cause further liver function damage. ConclusionQSQ have a significant lipid-lowering effect on different hyperlipidemia model animals and can improve liver function and liver injury.