Objective　To evaluate the effects of the excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of high myopia.Methods　LASIK was performed on 308 eyes of 186 patients who were followed up for one year. The patients were divided into two groups (group A and group B) according to preoperative diopters.Results　One year after surgery, in group A(-6.0～-10.0D) the uncorrected visual acuities of 0.5 and 1.0 were in 95.76% and 77.58% of the eyes, the mean residual refraction was -0.32D±0.46D. In group B(-10.25～-20.0D) the uncorrected visual acuities of 0.5 and 1.0 were in 62.24% and 37.06% of the eyes, the mean residual refraction was -0.92D±1.13D.Conclusion　It is an effective and safe refraction surgery to correct high myopia with LASIK.

Objective To observe the effect of omeprazole or famotidine combined with itopride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis.Methods 86 patients with reflux esophagitis were randomly divided into two groups,which group A with 43 eases was treated with omeprazole combined with itopride,and group B with 43 cases was treated with famotidine combined with itopride.The clinical effect and main symptoms were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate in group A was 91.3％,significantly higher than that of group B ( 71.4％ ) ( x2 =5.460,P ＜0.05 ).After treatment,the scores of heartburn,acid reflux and chest pain were significantly decreased ( all P ＜ 0.05 )in both two groups.Moreover,the scores of heartburn,acid reflux and chest pain in group A after treatment were significantly lower than those of group B ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Omeprazole combined with itopride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis is better than famotidine combined with itopride.

Proteasome pathway is another major pathway of protein degradation in addition to lysosome in eukaryotic cell ,which involved a number of physiological functions regulation in cell .Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein was found in My-cobacterium tuberculosis in 2008 .With the effect of co-factor Dop ,PafA and Mpa ,Pup can mark a variety of protein ubiquitina-tion followed by importing them into proteasomal degradation .The target protein of Pup-proteasome system like FabD ,PanB , Ino1 ,Icl ,SodA ,and MtrA are involved with metabolism ,signal transduction pathways ,virulence factors ,pathogenicity and the persistence of bacteria in the host cell .Proteasome inhibitor make the function of proteasome restricted and the accumula-tion of Pup’s labeled substrate result in changes in the expression of gene indirectly ,which impacted the ability of resistance to outside pressure and the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The finding Pup-proteasome system reveals a novel mechanism of protein degradation in prokaryotes ,which is expected to become a new target of treatment of anti-TB drugs . Here ,we summarize the progress on the Pup-proteasome system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Objective To investigate the features,diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis,looked forward to improving the awareness of plasma cell mastitis and raising the cure rate.Methods Retrospectively analysized the clinical data of 43 patients suffering from plasma cell mastitis from March 2000 to January 2013,to summarize the methods of diagnosis and treatment.Results All forty-three patients were treated by surgery.Thirty-nine patients were undergone partial resection of breast.Four patients recurred after simple incision and drainage having been misdiagnosed breast abscess initially.Then the four patients adopted partial resection of breast.All forty-three patients were postoperative followuped from 9 months to 3 years,three cases with reoperation of recurrence were no relapse again.Conclusions The clinical feature of plasma cell mastitis is sophisticated with misdiagnosis and mistreatment.The final diagnosis depends on pathological examination.Operation is the effective method to cure the disease.It is very important to select the correct timing of surgery and the operative method for plasma cell mastitis.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is a type of biliary epithelial cell carcinoma.Hepatolithiasis,viral hepatitis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Caroli disease,parasitic infections are its risk factors.In recent years,the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is gradually increased.Ultrasound,CT,MRI can be used to diagnose.The main way to treat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is comprehensive treatment based on liver resection.There is still some controversy in liver transplantation.Adjuvant therapy will play a more and more important role in patients who unable to accept surgery.

This paper reviews the long-term care policy in Japan and discusses successes and challenges in order to provide policy guidelines for China. All Japanese adults aged 65 or over are covered by the long-term care in-surance ( LTCI) program and are eligible for both in-home and institutional-care services following a thorough, sys-tematic care certification process. The program is financed by a mix of general tax revenues from the three levels of gov-ernment , income-tested premiums, and standardized co-payments. A key success of the policy is its universal and compre-hensive coverage. Notwithstanding this success, increasing costs remain a challenge as Japan’s population ages and the number of LTCI users increases. Learning from the experience of Japan, China should establish a long-term care system, which covers all the aged population, mainly focuses on in-home care, and qualifies social funding to invest.

Objective To explore the potential risk of category Ⅱ fetal heart rate(FHR) tracing according to the latest electron-ic fetal monitoring tracings .Methods The prenatal fetal heart rate tracings in 400 parturients with hospitalized delivery in this hos-pital from November 2011 to October 2012 were classified by category .Among them ,the pregnancy outcomes were compared be-tween the category Ⅰ FHR tracings(control group) and category Ⅱ FHR tracings(observation group) .Results The case number of meconium-staining amniotic fluid ,cesarean rate ,hypamniony and umbilical cord abnormality was significantly higher than that of the control group with statistical difference between the two groups (P<0 .05);the case number of neonatal asphyxia ,aging of pla-centa and neonatal death had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0 .05);among the groups with various fetal heart monitoring abnormalities ,the rate of meconium-staining amniotic fluid in the decreased variation group was significantly higher than that in the fetal tachycardia group ,the difference showing statistical significance (P<0 .05);the rate of meconium-staining amniotic fluid in the fetal tachycardia group was significantly higher than that in the prolonged acceleration and ineffective acceleration group with statistical difference (P< 0 .05);the pregnant outcomes had no statistical differences among the other groups .Conclusion Compared with the category Ⅰ FHR tracings ,the category Ⅱ FHR tracings indicate a potential risk to the fetus ,which need to strengthen the prenatal and intrapartum fetal monitoring .

Through a series of immune evasion mechanisms,tumor cells can evade immune attack and breed wantonly in human body.In recent years,with the rapid development of oncology,immunology and molecular biology and other related disciplines,immunology treatment method which can effectively kill tumor cells and have fewer side effects draws more and more attention,while the immunotherapy method is different in therapeutic evaluation from the general treatment of solid tumors due to its special feature.This article briefly introduces the latest progress of tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the detection value of the positive rate of MP-IgM in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).Methods 80 HSP patients were chosen as the research subjects (the observation group),the other 40 healthy children were chosen as research subjects(the control group).The positive rate of MP-IgM,and positive changes in immune function of children with HSP combined with MP-IgM were analyzed in two groups.Results 32 cases were MP-IgM positive in the observation group,the positive rate was 40％.The MP-IgM positive rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).The percentage of CD4+ in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the percentage of CD8+ was significantly higher than that in the control group,CD4+/CD8+ was significantly lower than that in the control group,NK was significantly lower than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).The percentage of CD8+ in MP-IgM positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group,the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ was significantly lower than that in the negative group,the percentage of NK was significantly lower than that in the negative group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MP infection is an important cause of HSP,it can aggravate the immune dysfunction and play an important role in the occurrence and development of HSP.

Anxiety disorders are the commonest emotional disorders in children, who may be at increased risk of the later develop-ment of other types of mental disorder. Early diagnosis and intervention should be applied. In this article, epidemiology, major factors rele-vant and effective therapy of anxiety disorders in preschool children are summarized.