Objective To discuss the minimally invasive skills in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made to sum up the minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis,reinforcing sufficient cognition to the treatment of the disease.Results The minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis included endoscopic sphincterotomy,endoscopic papillaryballoon dilation,fibercholedochoscopy,laparoscopic common bile dnctexploration and laparoscopy combined with endoscopy in treating choledocholithiasis.Conclusion The conception of the treatment of choledocholithiasis was renewed by djfferent minimally invasive skills.With the development of the medical apparatus and instruments,the minimally invasive skills will play an important role in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease regarded to be a public-health problem worldwide. Since the 1990s, HFMD began to spread in the Asia-Pacific region (especially in South-East Asia). HFMD outbreaks have occurred in mainland China frequently since 2008, and the morbidity and mortality of HFMD has continued to increase in recent years. In mainland China, enterovirus A serotype enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) have been the major pathogens of HFMD during these years. However, the etiological spectrum of HFMD changes with time. This review focuses mainly on the etiological spectrum of HFMD and changes in epidemic patterns in mainland China.
China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Prevalence

China ; Humans ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Vaccination

Child ; Common Cold ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Communicable Disease Control ; methods ; organization & administration ; standards ; Communicable Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Patient Education as Topic ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Virus Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy

Genome editing is defined as highly-effective and precise modification of cellular genome in a large scale. In recent years, such genome-editing methods have been rapidly developed in the field of industrial strain improvement. The quickly-updating methods thoroughly change the old mode of inefficient genetic modification, which is "one modification, one selection marker, and one target site". Highly-effective modification mode in genome editing have been developed including simultaneous modification of multiplex genes, highly-effective insertion, replacement, and deletion of target genes in the genome scale, cut-paste of a large DNA fragment. These new tools for microbial genome editing will certainly be applied widely, and increase the efficiency of industrial strain improvement, and promote the revolution of traditional fermentation industry and rapid development of novel industrial biotechnology like production of biofuel and biomaterial. The technological principle of these genome-editing methods and their applications were summarized in this review, which can benefit engineering and construction of industrial microorganism.
Biotechnology ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genome, Microbial ; Industrial Microbiology

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of the treatment of secretory otitis media with puncture combined with injection.MethodsThe control group was given tympanic membrane puncture combined with conventional drug treatment, and the experimental group was given combined with tympanic tympanic membrane puncture injection and conventional medicine for treatment.ResultsThe total effective rate of the experimental group (95.2%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (66.7%)(P<0.05);The incidence of complications in the experimental group (6.3%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(22.2%)(P<0.05).ConclusionClinical efficacy and safety of the treatment of secretory otitis media with puncture and injection.

Objective To analyze retrospectively the result of nonspecific mastitis diagnosed by mammography and color Doppler's ultrasonic, and to improve the diagnosis accuracy of nonspecific mastitis as well as the ability to identify with breast cancer.Methods 31 cases of nonspecific mastitiswere examined by mammography and color Doppler's ultrasonic.All cases were punctured by biopsy or surgery, and confirmed by pathology.Results The coincidence rates between mammography and color Doppler's ultrasonic with pathology were 64.5% and 67.7% respectively.The coincidence rate between the combined mammography and color Doppler's ultrasonic with pathology were 87.1%.There was no statistically significant difference between the two separate inspection methods (P>0.05).Conclusion Mammography and color Doppler's ultrasonic have their own advantages in the diagnosis of nonspecific mastitis, and are easy to be confused with breast cancer.Combining mammography with ultrasonography can improve the accuracy of unspecific mastitis diagnosis and the ability to identify breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the optimum formulation and preparation process of Yuxiawenya dispersible tablets.Methods The formula of Yuxiawenya dispersible tablets were optimized by orthogonal design in terms of dispersible uniformity test.Results The tablets were prepared by moist granulation method with 1% polyvidone k30(PVPK30) ethanol solutionsas as moistening agent,microcrystalling cellulose(MCC) as diluents,and sodium croscarboxymethyl starch(CCMS-Na) as disintegrant.The disintegration time of dispersible formulation was

Objects:To describe the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population and analysis the characteristics of different social demography population through epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Methods:Using 21,948 cases large sample data of Chinese medical constitution cross-section survey from general population of nine provinces and municipalities(Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and He’nan),from December 2005 to January 2007.8,448 samples in accord with sample data from 1% nationwide population survey in 2005,which could representative the general population of China were randomly selected.Using the standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ) to evaluation the scores of all kinds of Constitutional types(Gentleness type,Qi-defi ciency type,Yang-defi ciency type,Yin-defi ciency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qi-depression type,Special diathesis type).Application Discriminant Analysis to distinguish the individual Constitutional types,and analysis the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Variables grouped by social demographic,use ?2 test to compare the differences in each sub-group’s constitution composition.Results:In the general population in China,Gentleness type accounted for 32.14 percent,eight pathological constitutions accounted for 67.86 percent,and the former three types of eight pathological constitutions were Qi-defi ciency type,Wet-heat type and Yang-deficiency type,which accounted for 13.42 percent,9.08 percent and 9.04 percent respectively.The composition ratio of constitutional types in different geographical,gender,age,marital status,occupation and education level were different,and the difference was signifi cant(P

Objective To study the mechanism of haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods 27 adult New Zealand white rabbits were employed in this study.24 of them received PRK in the right eye and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the left eye at the same time and under the same condition for -10\^00D ablation at once,24hour,1 week,2 week,1month,3 month,6 month and 12 month after surgery,the corneas were examined periodically by slip\|lamp microscopy for haze formation,and the both eyes of 3 rabbits were enucleated,the corneas were studies with light microscopy;transmission electron microscopy;immunohistochemical evaluation for extracellular matrix,including collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin;RT\|PCR detection for mRAN of collagen type Ⅰ. Results The incidence of haze was 100% after PRK.No haze formation after LASIK.Haze was located at the anterior stroma immediately adjacent to the ablated areas.The change of structure and composition which correlated with haze formation was due to a combination of the following factors:the basement membrane of corneal epithelium was discontinuous;A new layer of subepithelium tissue was synthesized;fibroblast was increased in number and activated;the collagen fibrils were disorganized.The diameter of fibrils and the space between the fibrils were irregular in the anterior stroma;The newly synthesized extracellular matrix inculding collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin were deposited in the anterior corneal stroma.Conclusion\ The formation and disappearing of haze was the result of interreaction between fibroblast and extracellular matrix.The destruction of basement membrane of corneal epithelium and Bowmen's member after PRK is initializing factor during haze formation.\;[