The technology of artificial intelligence and the diagnosis of medical laboratory are combined to design a prototype of medical laboratory expert system.Adopting the present successful production rule to express the method as knowledge and using inaccurate inference engine,this prototype designs and realizes six major function module,such as "laboratory project meaning analysis",etc.It can be used as a clinical tool.

BACKGROUND:Active vitamin D3 plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of active vitamin D3 on the liver of type 2 diabetes melitus rats, and its mechanisms. METHODS:A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group and vitamin D3 group. In the diabetes group and vitamin D3 group, rats received high fat and high sugar diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to prepare rat models of diabetes melitus. In the vitamin D3 group, rats were intragastricaly given calcitriol dissolved in peanut oil 0.03 μg/kg per day. In the normal control group and diabetes group, rats were intragastricaly given peanut oil. 8 weeks later, rats were sacrificed and serum was isolated. Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were measured. Insulin resistance index in the steady-state model was calculated. The liver was retained, and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the diabetes group, triacylglycerol and insulin resistance index were lower in the vitamin D3 group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, sweling of the liver cels and fatty degeneration with inflammatory cel infiltration were found. Protein expression of JNK and C-Jun and phosphorylation levels, mRNA expression of JNK and C-Jun, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β increased in the diabetes group (P < 0.05). Liver cel sweling and fatty degeneration lessened, inflammatory cel infiltration reduced in the vitamin D3 group. Simultaneously, the expression of above factors was lower in the vitamin D3 group than in the diabetes group (P < 0.05). (3) Results suggested that the protective effect of vitamin D3 on the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes was possibly associated with its effect on downregulating JNK/C-Jun signaling pathway.

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is one of the pattern recognition receptors and recognizes the flagellin protein of bacteria.It activates innate immune responses and induces production of a series of cytokines.TLR5 functions as a bridge linking innate and adaptive immunities.It is known that TLR5 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of certain infectious diseases.This review summarizes the relationships of TLR5 polymorphisms with the development of infectious diseases and discusses the possible pathogenesis.

Vitexin, a natural flavonoid compound, has extensive pharmacological activity. In recent years, many studies have re-vealed that vitexin has significant protective effects on central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, including anti-memory impairment, anti-epilepsy, anti-ischemic hypoxic brain damage, anti-depression, analgesia, etc. Vitexin exerts neuro-protective effects through the mechanisms of multiple pathways and multi-targets, such as reducing free radical level, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, modulating inflammatory factors and related pathways, and regulating neurotransmitters and related recep-tors. This review mainly discusses the neuroprotective effects of vitexin and its underlying mechanisms.

The baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis play a significant role in infectivity and viral host-range, which make them potential candidates for the engineering and improvement of baculovirus insecticidal. The iap3 gene of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), amplified by PCR, was 939 bp encoding IAP3. The PCR product was cloned into EcoR I/Bam H I of the plasmid pEGFP-C1. GFP was fused to the N-terminaus of IAP3 to study distribution in HEK293. It was observed that the plasmid expressing IAP3 significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin in HEK293 cells. We conclude that the IAP3 of SeMNPV is functional in mammalian cells.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of multi-rehabilitation techniques on hemiplegic patients.Methods90 stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 45 cases in each group. Patients of the treatment group were treated with multi-rehabilitation techniques, and cases of the control group were treated only with instrument of never-muscle rehabilitation.ResultsAfter treatment, the extremity motor function and ability of daily living activities and muscle function of patients of two groups were improved significantly, but there was a significant difference between the treatment group and control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe multi-rehabilitation techniques is more effective on stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Objective To evaluate the impairment of ulnar nerve and its relationship with sensory symptoms in the ulnar territory in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) through electrophysiological approach.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 55 cases with CTS admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to February 2013.Patients with CTS were graded as mild-moderate (35 cases) and severe (20 cases) according to Stevens standard and were divided into symptomatic and non-symptomatic group according to the presence of sensory symptom in little finger region.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as control.Median and ulnar nerves electrophysiological study were performed using the Keypoint.net (Medoc Ltd) electromyogram device.Results Finger 5-wrist sensory conduction velocities (SCVs) of ulnar nerve were reduced ((51.71 ± 2.93) m/s vs (58.62 ± 3.21) m/s,t =8.80,P ＜ 0.01) in CTS group,compared with control group.But the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes had no difference.Pearson correlation analysis showed that finger 5-wrist SCVs and the SNAP amplitudes of ulnar nerve were negatively correlated with the distal motor latency of the median nerve,while positively correlated with the compound muscle action potential amplitudes,finger 1-wrist,finger 3-wrist SCVs and SNAP amplitudes of median nerve,in mild-moderate group,finger 5-wrist SCVs of ulnar nerve were slowed and the SNAP amplitudes were reduced ((51.59 ±2.70) m/s vs (53.72 ±2.58) m/s; (13.51 ± 1.84) μV vs (15.21 ±2.16) μV,t =2.24,2.30,P ＜ 0.05 respectively) in the symptomatic group,compared with the non-symptomatic group.However,in severe group,only 2 cases had sensory symptom in little finger region.Conclusions CTS patients may have impairments due to ulnar nerve entrapments at wrist,which aggravate with disease progression.Sensory symptoms in ulnar territory are more frequent during the mild-moderate stage,and may relate with ulnar nerve involvement.

Background The parameter of corneal diameter in myopic eyes is widely used in clinic,but there are different points of view about the correlation of corneal horizontal diameter with other parameters of the myopic eye.Objective This study was to investigate the relevance of the other parameters to the corneal horizontal diameter(CHD)of myopia.Methods A total of 310 cases(310 eyes)of myopic patients aged 6-50 years old who visited Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected for the study.Measuring items included gender,age,myopia diopter and corneal topography.The relationships between the CHD of the right eyes and seven factors including age,gender,degree of myopia,corneal curvature (CC),corneal astigmatism (CS),corneal central thickness(CCT),and anterior chamber depth (ACD)were analyzed by empower stats software.Results The distribution range of CHD was from 10.8 mm to 13.5 mm,with the average value (11.7±3.8)mm.There were significant differences in the CC and ACD between male and female patients by t test(t =-1.574,P＜0.001 ;t=-1.145,P =0.034).Through the smoothing curve fitting,the threshold effect and single factor and multiple regression analysis,the CHD was negative linear relationship with CC (β =-0.085,P =0.011).The ACD positive linear relationship with CHD was found (β=0.722,P＜0.001).And the CHD was not correlated with the degree of myopia,CS,CCT and gender(β =0.000,0.084,-0.001,0.105;all at P＞0.05).There was different inflection point in the curve relationship between male patients and female patients.Conclusions The CHD is linear negatively correlated with CC and line positively associated with ACD in 6-50 years old myopic patients.There is no relationship between CHD and gender,spherical equivalent degree,CS,CCT.There is curvilinear relationship with inflection point between CHD and age.

Background Measurement of corneal thickness is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of some eye disorders,including corneal diseases and refractive errors.However,the corneal parameters from schoolage population are rarely reported.Objective The aim of this survey was to characterize the central corneal thickness (CCT),minimum corneal thickness (MCT) and paracentral corneal thickness in healthy Chinese schoolage population.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed in this study.Children aged 7 to 15 years with the diopter of-3.00 D to +3.00 D were recruited from two primary schools in Baoshan district in Shanghai based on random cluster sampling under the approval of Shanghai First People's Hospital and informed consent of child custodian.Routine examinations were firstly performed to determine the healthy participants.CCT (within 2 mm range away the corneal vertex),MCT and paracentral corneal thicknesses (2 to 5 mm zone away the cornea vertex in superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants) were then measured by RTVue Fourier optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the comparison between both eyes and different gender.The subjects were grouped into the 7-9,10-12 and 13-15 years groups,and the correlations between age and CCT,MCT and paracental corneal thicknesses were analyzed.The coordinate position of the thinnest cornea was determined.Results A total of 147 children were enrolled in the study.The mean CCT value of the right eyes was (537.77±29.33) μm,and that of the left eyes was (539.22±29.16) μm,showing a significant difference between them (t =-3.21,P =0.00).The paracentral corneal thicknesses of the right and left eyes were (565.52±30.11) μm and (568.42±31.07) pm in the superior quadrant,and those in the temporal quadrant were (549.01 ±30.46) μm and (547.24±30.23) μm,with significant differences between them (t =-2.47,P =0.01 ; t =2.12,P =0.04).No significant difference was found in the CCT,MCT,paracentral corneal thicknesses from various quadrants (all at P＞0.05).In addition,no considerably correlation was seen between age and CCT,MCT and paracentral corneal thickness (all at P＞0.05).The thinnest cornea area was located in the inferotemporal region in 40.82％ right eyes and 57.82％ left eyes.The distance of thinnest cornea area away corneal vertex was (0.62±0.33)mm in the right eyes and (0.91±0.63)mm in the left eyes,with a significant difference between them (t =-5.17,P =0.00).Conclusions The central,superior and temporal corneal thicknesses are significantly different between the right and the left eyes among healthy Chinese school-age children,but corneal thickness change is not associated with age or gender.The thinnest corneal area does not locate at the vertex.

Objective To study the clinical presentation and pathological features of rare nonepithelial vulvar tumors. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with nonepithelial vulvar tumors who were operated on during 1986 to 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed. Results The average age of 42 patients was 44. 1 years. There were 32 eases (76%) with a vulvar mass. Twenty one of these 42 patients (50%) complained of associated symptoms of itch and pain Surgical treatment was the chief treatment of nonepithelial vulvar tumors, which included local excision (40, 95%), simple vulvectomy ( 1,2% ) and radical vulveetomy ( 1,2% ). Among the pathological diagnoses after operation,the most common benign histological subtypes were hidradenoma and haemangioma, while the must common malignant histological subtypes were leiomyosarcoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Conclusions Most of the nonepithelial vulvar tumors are mesenehymal tumors. The clinical presentation has no special characteristics. Diagnosis of nonepithelial vulvar tumors can be made based on histological inspection.Surgical treatment is the treatment of choice.