Objective To compare the difference in cost formation between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis so as to provide basis for the formulation and perfection of medical security policies. Methods An analysis was made of the cost formation and profits of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in 4 hospitals of Shanghai in 1999. Results Of the average cost of each performance of hemodialysis, the cost of materials accounted for 35% to 47% and the cost of equipment accounted for 38% to 44%, while the scope of increase in profits was affected both by the number of patients and the average profits per performance. Of the average cost of each performance of peritoneal dialysis, the cost of materials exceeded 97% while profits were related only to the number of patients. Conclusion There is a marked difference in profits between the two forms of dialysis, leading to an improper expansion in the use of hemodialysis and an inhibition in the rational use of the technique of peritoneal dialysis.

The effects of dauricine on tolerance to anoxia in mice and on experimental myocardial ischemia and infarct in rats were investigated .Dauricine was found to be capable of increasing the tolerance of mice to anoxia and prolonging life and decreasing oxygen consump-sion.Dauricine improved the ECG L-Ⅱ "J" point change induced by pituitrin and LAD ligation, and reduced the rate of the development of pathologic Q wave and the infarct size induced by LAD ligation as indicated by N-BT staining in rats. The results suggest that dauricine offered beneficial effect on the experimental ischemia and infarct. Dauricine; Propranolol; Verapamil; Nifedipine; Pituitrin; ECG; Myocardial infarct

Objective To design standardized cases to evaluate the ability of the assessment among nursing students.Methods A set of standardized cases were designed based on an international standardized nursing language as well as a textbook of health assessment and reference.After validity of the set of standardized cases had been tested by the focus group and expert evaluation,the cases were applied to test the ability of the assessment among a total of 57 nursing students.Data were analyzed statistically.Results The average score of evaluation ability of nursing students was 42.5 (15～57).Nursing students got the highest score in psychosocial dimension,accounting for 50.7％ (13.93/27.5).Among five cases,the most difficult case was case 4,the degree of difficulty was 0.36.Conclusions This set of standardized cases can be used to assess the assessment ability among nursing students,and also can be used to evaluate the effects of training.

The problems in digitalization of ancient medical documents were described according to its status quo analysis, with certain measures for their solution proposed in order tospeed up the digitalization of ancient medical documents, improve the use of ancient medical documents, and promote the rapid development of medical and health cause.

This thesis discourse upon blood stagnant in cerebral venation is the pivotal pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia stroke,and discuss once the cerebral ischemia occur,it can derive more phlegms,toxic heat and other pathological outcomes,resulting in inflammatory injury of cerebral ischemia,forming a vicious circle of "inflammation-thrombus",so that aggravating the injury with ischemia and anoxia of never cells,even causing inreversible putrescence of cerebral ischemia.And this condition should be the springs of the development and aggravation of the illness.Therefore,applying promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis measures can removing blood stasis,eliminating pathogenic wind-fire and cleanning out phlegm,so the pyogenic infections can be dispelled,and the pathological state of inflammation,injury and microcirculation obstacle in the brain can be meliorated.Then,the brain vascula become smooth and the blood supply resume,the symptoms with never functional impairment alleviate or meliorate,thereby,the rate of death and cripple decrease obviously.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant to(piperacillin/tazobactam Tazocin) enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from blood.METHODS Enterobacteriaceae isolates were isolated from blood specimens in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2008.The identification of Enterobacteriaceae isolates was performed by VITEK-32 Full Automated Microbiology Analyzer.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by K-B disk diffusion test.RESULTS A total of 344 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from blood,including 175 strains(50.9%) of Escherichia coli,129 strains(34.9%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae,39 strains(11.3%) of Enterobacter cloacae and 10 strains(2.9%) of Proteus mirabilis.The resistant rate of Enterobacteriaceae isolates to Tazocin was 15.1%.The resistant rates of E.coli,K.pneumoniae and E.cloacae to Tazocin were 16%,16.7%and 10.3%,but all isolates of P.mirabilis were sensitive to Tazocin.The resistant rates of E.coli and K.pneumoniae to Tazocin increased from 9.1% and 8.0% in 2005 to 22.7% and 21.6% in 2008.CONCLUSIONS Most of isolates including E.coli and K.pneumoniae are detected from blood.Tazocin has high antimicrobial activity for Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.The resistance of E.coli and K.pneumoniae to Tazocin is increasing gradually.

Heat shock protein 90?(HSP 90?), the major molecular chaperone, is most conservative during biological evolution. Recently, Relation HSP 90? with tumors has been found, there is, however, little study on the relation between HSP 90? and gastric carcinoma. The basic researches of HSP 90? and its relation with tumors, including gastric carcinoma had been reviewed.

Objective To explore nursing needs and interventions after caesarean section of patients with acute pancreatitis in pregnancy(APIP).Method The care needs scales designed by the researchers was used to investigate 21 patients with APIP and they had caesarean section.Result The main care needs of the patients are uterine instauration,pain relief,sleep aid,anxiety relief, complication prevention,incision healing,suppression of lactation and knowledge of self-care after hospital discharge.Conclusion Nursing staff can provide nursing interventions based on the patients care needs,which can improve nursing quality and promote the rehabilitation of patients.

Objective To explore the clinical effect and application value of early acupressure combined with hot belly(hot compress on abdomen)to promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal surgery. Methods A prospective random controlled study was conducted from January 2012 to October 2012,200 hospitalized patients having undergone abdominal surgery were randomly divided into a control group(100 cases)and an observation group(100 cases). Traditional nursing method was applied to take care of the abdominal postoperative patients in the control group,that was at post-operative 6 hours the patient may begin to turn over in bed,once 2 hours,and on the post-operative 1 day,according to the patient's disease situation,he or she may be allowed to ambulate in the room without any other additional measures,waiting for the recovery of gastrointestinal function. In the observation group, beside the traditional nursing method used in the control group,additionally,acupressure and abdominal fomentation was applied twice a day for 4 days. The postoperative bowel sound recovery time,the anus spontaneous exhaust time, the incidences of abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction were observed. Results In the observation group, the gurgling sound recovery time and anus spontaneous exhaust time were significantly shorter than those in the control group〔gurgling sound recovery time(hour):17.77±2.67 vs. 18.87±3.18,anus spontaneous exhaust time(hour):28.27±6.30 vs. 30.85±6.74,both P<0.01〕;the incidences of postoperative abdominal distention and intestinal obstruction were obviously lower than those in the control group(bloating:9.0%vs. 23.0%,intestinal obstruction:1.0% vs. 9.0%,both P<0.01). Conclusion Early application of acupressure combined with hot belly for abdominal postoperative patients can significantly promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,that is beneficial to the reduction of the incidences of complications.

[Objective] To investigate effects Toutong Xin No.l (TX1) on nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) levels in platelet and plasma of migraineurs during episode and remission and to explore its mechanism. [Methods] NO and NOS levels in platelet and plasma of migraineurs during episode and remission were measured and were compared with those of healthy volunteers (Group A). [Results] NO and NOS levels in the plasma of migraineurs during episode (Group B) were higher than those during remission (Group C) and Group A (P