Endosymbionts accreted with insects and benefit from each other. Endosymbiont affected the growth, fertilizing and plant disease transmission of insect. At the same time, the symbiosis body was an excellent model for probing into life's origin and evolution. A review was given on the character, distributing in insects, effects on insects and eliminating methods of endosymbionts. The potential values were also discussed.

The study on prokaryotic expression conditions of groEL from endosymbiont in B. tabaci was conducted.The results showed that:The optimal IPTG content for inducing prokaryotic expression of groEL was 100?mol/L. When it was induced by IPTG at 35℃,higher GroEL product would be acquired.The optimal induced culturing time for prokaryotic expression of groEL was 4～5 hours.Higher inoculated quantity would benefit prokaryotic expression of groEL. A little NH~+_(4) content would improved prokaryotic expression of groEL, but prokaryotic expression of groEL would be inhibit by Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、K~(+ )and Mg~(2+).When low content glucose was added to the LB medium,it would benefit prokaryotic expression of groEL.Prokaryotic expression of groEL would be inhibit by high content glucose.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cultural tourism, with the trait of health and unique features, is based on rich resources of medicine and profound TCM culture. TCM cultural tourism focuses on making tourists get TCM knowledge and enjoy TCM tourism activities. Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tomb, a key scenic spot to develop TCM cultural tourism in Changsha, has advantages of high TCM cultural value with a good geographical position, and superior geographic and tourist viewing conditions. It has a great value in TCM cultural tourism.

With the rise of microecology and medical model getting into the stage of the development of the ecological medicine, the intersection and consistency in the cognition traditional of Chinese and Western medical system are highlighted. Yin-yang theory is the core theory in TCM. In order to extend the guidance effects of theory of the balance of yin and yang in the clinic, and help TCM theory and curative effect be further recognized by the world, this article analyzed the consistency of different systems by comparing TCM balance theory and microecology, with a purpose to explore the closed link between TCM balance theory and microecology and microscopic nature of TCM balance theory.

Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis is considered as one kind of rare and precious Chinese medicinal herb with the efficacy of nourishing yin fluid, enhancing physique, benefiting and tonifying spleen and stomach, protecting liver and cholagogue, strengthening gluten, lowering lipid and blood sugar, inhibiting tumor, brightening eyes, nourishing skin, and prolonging life. This article used SWOT method to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis respectively so as to analyze its marketing prospects in Hunan Province comprehensively. On the basis of the analysis, the early stage and late stage strategies of development of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis in Hunan Province was carried out, which played a role in its medicinal value, economic value, and social value.

Objective To observe the effects of thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction on expressions of glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system including GSH, GSH-Px andγ-GCS in the brain of focal cerebral ischemia rats;To study its mechanism of antioxidant effect.Methods Totally 120 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups according to random number table method:sham-operation group, model group,Buyang Huanwu Decoction group and thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction group. Except for the sham-operation group, the rest groups established focal cerebral ischemia rat model by middle cerebral arterial occlusion. The treatment groups were given corresponding medicine by gavage, while the sham-operation group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline 2 h after modeling. Each group was detected after cerebral ischemia for 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days respectively. The content of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px were detected. At the same time,γ-GCS mRNA and protein levels were determined by using real time-PCR and Western blot.Results The content of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px at each time point decreased in the model group (P<0.05), compared with the corresponding sham-operation group. But the expression ofγ-GCS mRNA and protein increased, with statistical significance on day 1 (P<0.05). Compared with model group, content of GSH and GSH-Px activity levels increased differently in each treatment group, whileγ-GCS mRNA and protein expression raised, with statistical significance on day 3 (P<0.05).Conclusion The thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction plays antioxidant effect by regulating the expression of glutathione antioxidant system GSH, GSH-Px andγ-GCS after cerebral ischemia, which may be one of its therapeutic mechanisms for cerebral ischemia.

Objective To observe the bacteriostatic effect of single herbs, traditional complex prescription and ultra-micro powder of Qiweibaizhusan. Methods The inhibiting zone and MIC of single herb and compound of Qiweibaizhusan on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Eubacterium aerofaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Saccharomyces cerevisiaes and Candida glabrata were measured by filter paper method. Results The growth of the tested bacteria and yeast except Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp were inhibited by ginseng. The antibacterial effect of licorice was the best, and only Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s growth was not inhibited by licorice. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Eubacterium aerofaciens were inhibited by Agastache rugosa. The growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Eubacterium aerofaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by Poria cocos. Only Eubacterium aerofaciens’s growth was inhibited by Radix aucklandiae and fried Atractylodes macrocephala. The growth of all the bacteria and yeast were not inhibited by Radix puerariae. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Eubacterium aerofaciens and Salmonella sp were inhibited by the traditional decoction and ultra-micro powder of complex prescription of Qiweibaizhusan, and all the MIC of ultra-micro powder were smaller than the traditional decoction. Conclusion The main antibacterial component of Qiweibaizhusan was ginseng and licorice. The inhibiting effect of ultra-micro powder on bacteria was better than traditional decoction of Qiweibaizhusan in vitro.

"Correspondence between prescription and syndrome" is the foundation of the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment， and the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis is the key to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Combining modern theories and technological means to explore objective indicators or biomarkers of "correspondence between prescription and syndrome" can help clarify quantitative indicators of syndromes. There is a characteristic microbial population in the intestine that is related to syndromes and prescription efficacy. Intestinal microbiota plays an important indicative and discriminative role in determining the formation and evolution of disease patterns and is also an important characterization and pathway of the therapeutic effect of prescriptions. Therefore， intestinal microbiota can serve as an important biological indicator for the objectification of "correspondence between prescription and syndrome"， and the research content related to "intestinal microbiota-syndrome" and "intestinal microbiota-prescription" is relatively mature. On this basis， the team proposed a research approach and method of "correspondence among intestinal microbiota， syndrome， and prescription"， exploring the biological mechanism of "correspondence between prescription and syndrome" from the perspective of intestinal microbiota. A complete analysis of the "intestinal microbiota-syndrome-prescription" data content of six traditional Chinese medicine diarrhea syndromes was conducted， and the results of intestinal dominant and characteristic microbiota for different syndromes of diarrhea and corresponding formula interventions were obtained. The correlation of key intestinal microbiota and metabolites with the interaction between different syndromes and formula interventions was studied， and the microbiological mechanism of "treating the same disease with different methods" for diarrhea was explored. The research ideas and results provide the possibility for the establishment and application of the theory of "correspondence among intestinal microbiota， syndrome， and prescription" and also provide a research paradigm for other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. "Correspondence among intestinal microbiota， syndrome， and prescription" is conducive to revealing the micro-mechanisms of the formation and evolution of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and the efficacy of prescriptions. It establishes an objective diagnosis and treatment system for traditional Chinese medicine syndromes based on intestinal microbiota， providing new methods and ideas for the objective diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and promoting the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo study the changes of microbiota in different intestinal niches in the instance of diarrhea with intestinal dampness-heat syndrome and cold-dampness disturbing spleen syndrome， so as to provide objective evidence for treating diarrhea with different methods from the perspective of intestinal flora. MethodThe 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data of model mice with diarrhea of the two syndromes and the model mice after prescription intervention were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI）， and the intestinal dominant bacteria and microbial functions were compared among groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient among the microorganisms in each group was calculated and the co-occurrence networks of intestinal microbiota were constructed to study the interaction of the microbiota. ResultThe microbiota imbalance in intestinal contents of mice with diarrhea of intestinal dampness-heat syndrome was characterized by the enrichment of Muribaculum and Aerococcus， while the imbalance in intestinal mucosa was manifested by the enrichment of Gram-negative Neisseria， Capnocytophaga， and Prevotella （P<0.05）. However， after the treatment with Gegen Qinliantang， the microbiota in two distinct ecosystems was characterized by the enrichment of Lactobacillus and the abundance of Streptococcus in intestinal mucosa was increased. The microbiota imbalance in intestinal contents of diarrhea with cold-dampness disturbing spleen syndrome was characterized by the enrichment of Lactobacillus （P<0.01） and Clostridium sensu stricto 1， while the intestinal mucosa was dominated by the increase of Candidatus arthromitus and Enterobacter. However， after the treatment with Huoxiang Zhengqi powder， the intestinal contents were characterized by Lactobacillus enrichment， while the intestinal mucosal flora was featured by the enrichment of C. arthromitus， Pseudomonas， and Bacillus. Overall， the contribution of dominant bacteria in intestinal mucosa to the difference was higher than that in intestinal contents， and more dominant bacteria in the intestinal mucosa interacted with other bacteria. ConclusionMicrobiota imbalance is different for diarrhea of different syndromes， and the therapeutic effects of corresponding prescriptions are also different. In addition， the microbiota imbalance has different characteristics between intestinal niches for mice with diarrhea of the same syndrome. Therefore， intestinal flora may be one of the biological bases for exploring the characteristics of "treating the diarrhea with different methods" in Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo explore the method of establishing a disease-syndrome combined model of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） with spleen and kidney yang deficiency in mice. MethodsModel establishment： Twenty mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group， with 10 mice in each group. The model group was given 50 mg/（kg·d） of 0℃ ice adenine suspension by gavage for 14 days， plus tail-clamping stimulation and restrained in centrifuge tubes for 7 days， and 10 g/（kg·d） of 0 ℃ ice senna decoction by gavage for 5 days to prepare IBS-D spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome model. The normal group was given 0.4 ml of sterile water by gavage once a day for 14 days. Behavioral characteristics， food intake， fecal water content， body weight， and rectal temperature were observed in both groups. Pain threshold， gastric residual rate， intestinal propulsion rate， and the content of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）， serotonin （5-HT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticosterone （CORT）， and D-xylose in the serum were detected after modeling. Model validation： Forty mice were randomly divided into a blank group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=30）. After successful modeling using the above method， the modeling group was divided into a model control group， Sishen Pill （四神丸） group， and pinaverium bromide group， with 10 mice in each group. The Sishen Pill group was given 5 g/（kg·d） of Sishen Pill decoction by gavage， and the pinaverium bromide group was given 21.63 mg/（kg·d） of pinaverium bromide solution by gavage， while the blank group and the model control group were given 0.70 ml/d of sterile water by gavage， all for 7 days. The indicators were detected as the same with model establishment. ResultsMice in the model group had poor mental status， lethargy， dull hair and loose feces. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited reduced food intake and increased fecal water content ； on the 14th day of modeling， the model group showed a slower body weight gain rate and decreased rectal tempe-rature； after 14 days， the model group had increased small intestinal propulsion rate， and serum SCFAs and 5-HT levels with reduced serum levels of ACTH， CORT， and D-xylose （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Model validation indicated that the Sishen Pill group showed improvements in mental state， activity levels， fur smoothness and curling and gathering symptoms， while these symptoms in the pinaverium bromide group were not significantly improved. Compared to the model control group， the Sishen Pill group and pinaverium bromide group had reduced fecal water content and increased food intake， as well as increased body weight gain and elevated rectal temperature on day 4. On the 7th day of administration， the pinaverium bromide group showed lower rectal temperature than Sishen Pill group， and Sishen Pill group showed decreased serum SCFAs and 5-HT levels with increased ACTH， CORT， and D-xylose levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while the pinaverium bromide group exhibited reduced 5-HT and elevated CORT level （P＜0.01）. ConclusionA combination of ice adenine plus ice senna leaf gavage， tail clamping， and centrifuge tube restraint can successfully establish a disease-syndrome combined mouse model of IBS-D with spleen-kidney Yang deficiency.