Objective To investigate gene variation and the relationship between gene variation and pathogenicity of transfusion transmitted virus(TTV).Methods The TTV DNA in the serum sample from a blood donor(BD) and a chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis(CSH) patient with TTV infection was amplified by using PCR.The purified PCR product was cloned and 10 clones from each case were sequenced.The sequences were compared among different clones and analyzed by Phylogentic tree.Results There were two different TTV strains in the BD and seven different TTV strains in the chronic non-A-G severe hepatitis patient.The TTV clones in the BD were of G1a subtype and those of the CSH were of G1a and G1b subtype.Conclusion Gene variant of TTV was much more complicated in the CSH patients than that in the BD ones.

Objective To investigate clinical features and antifungal therapeutic effect of chronic severe hepatitis (CSH) patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI), and to improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical manifestation, blood routine, imageology and mycetology characteristic, antifungal treatment perscription and therapeutic effect of 79 CSH patients with IFI were retrospectively analyzed. Antifungal therapeutic effect was compared between fluconazole and voriconazole. Results Thirteen (16.5%) patients received glucocorticoid or other immunodepressants for a relatively long time, 40 (50.6%) patients had invasive operation, and 61 (77.2 %) patients were administered 1-6 kinds of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Seventy-three patients had fever. Leucocytes and neutrophilic granulocyte increased in 96.2% of the patients. Lung (31.6%), intestinal tract (26.2%) and oral cavity (14%) infections were common. Fungus was found in 70.9% of the patients. Candida albicans (40.9%) and aspergillus (21.1%) were often seen. Halo signs and crescent signs on lung CT were relatively specific in 40% of the patients with fungal pneumonia. Voriconazole was more effective than fluconazole(71.4% vs. 39.0%, P<0.05). Twelve patients with lung aspergillus infection were administered voriconazole, 8 (66.7%) patients of whom was effective, and the other 4 (33.3%) patients died. Conclusion There are high risk factors in major CSH patients with IFI. The most common clinical manifestations of CSH patients with IFI are fever, leukocytosis, lung and intestinal tract infection. Candida albicans and aspergillus infection are common. Voriconazole is more effective than fluconazole, and can increase the survival rate of CSH patients with IFI.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, laboratory results, chest CT imaging manifestations and treatments of severe and critical influenza A (H1N1), and to analyze the relationship with the prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 54 adult patients with severe and critical H1N1 admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning from November 2018 to February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Throat swab specimens of the patients were determined for nucleic acid detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus, and all of the patients were confirmed. The gender, age, course of disease, underlying diseases, symptoms, body temperature, hospital stays, chest CT findings and laboratory results were collected, and the treatments and prognosis were recorded. Results: Of 54 patients, 38 patients were enrolled in severe group, and 16 in critical group. Fever, cough, sputum, shortness of breath and so on could be found in the two groups. The CD4⁺T lymphocytes were less than normal reference value (410-1 590/μL) in both groups. The chest CT findings manifestations of severe group were scattered patchy shadows and ground glass appearance, all of them were cured and discharged after antiviral, antibiotics, and oxygen treatment. In critical group, the time in hospital was longer, the disease progresses varied faster, the shortness of breath was more apparent, and a large patch of fuzzy and real change shadows on both lungs could be found from CT findings. Compared with the severe group, creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the critical group were increased more significantly [CK (U/L): 704.50 (908.50) vs. 146.00 (220.75), LDH (U/L): 614.50 (492.25) vs. 217.00 (142.75), CRP (mg/L): 85.65 (56.13) vs. 18.80 (50.63), PCT (μg/L): 1.30 (5.00) vs. 0.10 (0.16), all P < 0.01], white blood cells count (WBC) and neutrophil ratio were also increased more significantly [WBC (×10⁹/L): 12.37±7.63 vs. 8.29±3.32, neutrophil ratio: 0.81±0.11 vs. 0.75±0.11] without statistical differences (both P > 0.05). Nine patients in critical group were cured with cure rate of 56.25%. Seven patients died with mortality of 43.75%, including 2 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and uremia respectively, who had multiple organ failure (MOF) on admission and waive the mechanical ventilation treatment; 3 patients complicated with acute renal failure but abandon hemodialysis; 1 patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy after operation; and 1 patient with chronic renal failure uremia period combined multiple drug-resistant bacteria infection, and died from MOF finally. Conclusions The patients with severe and critical influenza A (H1N1) show fever, cough, dyspnea, and organ dysfunction in varying degrees. Severe patients were mainly pulmonary lesions, while critical patients show MOF such as heart, lung and kidney, and the lesions progressed rapidly. The major cause of death for critical influenza A (H1N1) may be chronic underlying diseases and MOF.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 23 children with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis who were cultured positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including general data, laboratory examinations, imaging data and disease outcomes. Results: The percentage of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes<50/mm³ was 43.48% (10≤23) in 23 children. The proportion of appetite loss, fever, cough and fatigue was 86.95%, 82.61%, 82.61% and 78.26% respectively. Atypical symptoms such as rash, joint muscle stiffness and vomiting could be seen. The proportion of multi-site and patchy shadow on chest radiography was 47.83% and 43.48% respectively. There were 1 case of oral mucosal leukoplakia, 1 case of herpes zoster and 1 case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Nineteen children were followed up regularly after they were discharged from hospital. In 2 cases the treatments were ineffective or the diseases worsened, and two cases died. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of children with HIV/AIDS complicated with tuberculosis were lack of specificity. The general manifestations and extrapulmonary manifestations were serious. Chest imaging manifestations are mostly multi-site and patchy shadows. Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in children are very important.

Background/Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a catastrophic illness. Few studies investigated the prognostic value of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) resulted in conflicting results. Methods: Two prospective HBV-ACLF cohorts (n=287 and n=119) were enrolled to assess and validate the prognostic performance of VDBP. Results: VDBP levels in the non-survivors were significantly lower than in the survivors (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that VDBP was an independent prognostic factor for HBV-ACLF. The VDBP level at admission gradually decreased as the number of failed organs increased (P<0.001), and it was closely related to coagulation failure. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the Child-Pugh-VDBP and chronic liver failuresequential organ failure assessment (CLIF–SOFA)-VDBP scores were significantly higher than those of Child-Pugh (P<0.001) and CLIF-SOFA (P=0.0013). The AUCs of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)-VDBP were significantly higher than those of MELD (P= 0.0384) only in the case of cirrhotic HBV-ACLF patients. Similar results were validated using an external multicenter HBV-ACLF cohort. By longitudinal observation, the VDBP levels gradually increased in survivors (P=0.026) and gradually decreased in non-survivors (P<0.001). Additionally, the VDBP levels were found to be significantly decreased in the deterioration group (P=0.012) and tended to be decreased in the fluctuation group (P=0.055). In contrast, they showed a significant increase in the improvement group (P=0.036). Conclusions The VDBP was a promising prognostic biomarker for HBV-ACLF. Sequential measurement of circulating VDBP shows value for the monitoring of ACLF progression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, laboratory results, chest CT imaging manifestations and treatments of severe and critical influenza A (H1N1), and to analyze the relationship with the prognosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 54 adult patients with severe and critical H1N1 admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning from November 2018 to February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Throat swab specimens of the patients were determined for nucleic acid detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus, and all of the patients were confirmed. The gender, age, course of disease, underlying diseases, symptoms, body temperature, hospital stays, chest CT findings and laboratory results were collected, and the treatments and prognosis were recorded. RESULTS: Of 54 patients, 38 patients were enrolled in severe group, and 16 in critical group. Fever, cough, sputum, shortness of breath and so on could be found in the two groups. The CD4⁺T lymphocytes were less than normal reference value (410-1 590/μL) in both groups. The chest CT findings manifestations of severe group were scattered patchy shadows and ground glass appearance, all of them were cured and discharged after antiviral, antibiotics, and oxygen treatment. In critical group, the time in hospital was longer, the disease progresses varied faster, the shortness of breath was more apparent, and a large patch of fuzzy and real change shadows on both lungs could be found from CT findings. Compared with the severe group, creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the critical group were increased more significantly [CK (U/L): 704.50 (908.50) vs. 146.00 (220.75), LDH (U/L): 614.50 (492.25) vs. 217.00 (142.75), CRP (mg/L): 85.65 (56.13) vs. 18.80 (50.63), PCT (μg/L): 1.30 (5.00) vs. 0.10 (0.16), all P < 0.01], white blood cells count (WBC) and neutrophil ratio were also increased more significantly [WBC (×10⁹/L): 12.37±7.63 vs. 8.29±3.32, neutrophil ratio: 0.81±0.11 vs. 0.75±0.11] without statistical differences (both P > 0.05). Nine patients in critical group were cured with cure rate of 56.25%. Seven patients died with mortality of 43.75%, including 2 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and uremia respectively, who had multiple organ failure (MOF) on admission and waive the mechanical ventilation treatment; 3 patients complicated with acute renal failure but abandon hemodialysis; 1 patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy after operation; and 1 patient with chronic renal failure uremia period combined multiple drug-resistant bacteria infection, and died from MOF finally. CONCLUSIONS The patients with severe and critical influenza A (H1N1) show fever, cough, dyspnea, and organ dysfunction in varying degrees. Severe patients were mainly pulmonary lesions, while critical patients show MOF such as heart, lung and kidney, and the lesions progressed rapidly. The major cause of death for critical influenza A (H1N1) may be chronic underlying diseases and MOF.
Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To discuss the effective of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Using prospective method, the 43 cases of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital from January 22nd to February 15th in 2020 were enrolled and divided into routine treatment group ( n = 25) and artesunate treatment group ( n = 18) by odd-even rule after admission. According to the guidelines, the routine treatment group was recommended to receive lopinavir/ritonavir 500 mg + α-aerosolized interferon 500×10 4 U, twice daily; the artesunate treatment group was given artesunate 60 mg, twice daily besides the routine treatment, for 10 days in both groups. During the treatment period, the pharynx swab test of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid was carried out every 2 days, and the routine blood test, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function and myocardial enzymes were re-examined. Chest CT was checked every 3 days after the treatment, and re-examined every 5 days after the condition was improved. The routine blood test and biochemical results of two groups were observed, and the efficacy evaluation was performed by monitoring the time for significant improvement of symptoms, negative conversion time of throat swab virus nucleic acid, lung lesion absorption time, adverse drug reactions and the length of hospital stay of the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body weight, routine blood test and biochemical results before treatment. In artesunate treatment group, the time for significant improvement of symptoms (days: 3.33±1.91 vs. 4.84±2.19), negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid (days: 4.72±2.16 vs. 6.68±3.76), lung lesion absorption starting time (days: 5.39±2.36 vs. 7.48±3.78), lung lesion absorption greater than 70% time (days: 14.11±4.16 vs. 17.04±4.42) and the length of hospital stay (days: 16.56±3.71 vs. 18.04±3.97) were significantly shorter than those in routine treatment group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in two groups had no significant difference (72.2% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Artesunate can shorten the treatment time of COVID-19, improve prognosis and eliminate pathogens, with fewer adverse reactions and a good application prospect.