OBJECTIVE:To study the identification problems of pharmacokinetic compartment models.METHODS:Problems of the identification of classical compartment models in single administration were systematically discussed by Laplace transformation method.RESULTS:The classical compartment models in single administration don't have the character of u-niqueness and the identification for which is a problem.CONCLUSION:The drug level in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs were in a direct ratio under the condition of two kinds of unidentifiable classical compartment models,in that case,it has theoretic bases and significance to predict the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs by means of determining the drug concentration in plasma;if on the other hand,if two kinds of classical com-partment models are identifiable,the drug level in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs wouldn't be in a proportional relationship,in this case,it is advisable to make sure the relationship between the drug le_ vel in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs before predicting drug concentration that distributed in organs or target organs by means of monitoring the drug concentration in plasma;otherwise,it is baseless and meaningless.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a precursor cell of endothelium that has the ability of differentiation and proliferation. In given conditions, EPCs can be mobilized to the ischemic tissue to participate in repairing the injured blood vessels and angiogenesis, and EPCs are regarded as a marker of vascular reparative capacity. Studies in recent years have indicated that the changes of EPC number play an important role in the occurrence and prognosis of cerebral ischemia. As a potential therapeutic strategy, EPCs may be used in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. This article reviews the application progress of EPCs in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To determine the correlations between breast ultrasonic and mammographic features and molecular classification of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma in young women.Methods A retrospective review of radiological,clinic-pathology features of breast cancers for women under 40 years at our hospital between January 2011 and May 2016 covering 94 patients.Mammography and ultrasound were available for all 94 patients.Results On sonography,basal like type tumours more often appeared as oval or round masses and microlobulated or indistinct margins luminal type irregular mass and angular or spiculated margins(P =0.000,P =0.000).Basal like type masses were often with abrupt interface,luminal A type with echogenic halo (P =0.000).On mamography,HER-2 enriched type cancers more presented as microcal cification only,basal likc type more masses(P =0.002).Luminal typc masses were more often with spiculated or obscured margins,basal like with indistinct margins(P =0.000).Conclusion The imaging charasteristics of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma in patients under 40 years appear correlated to breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the causes and results of treatment of periprosthetic femoral frac-tures after total hip arthroplasty and to explore the best operative methods for fractures. Methods 11 cases treated for periprosthetic femoral fracture after total hip arthroplasty were subjected to a retrospective fol-low-up study from December 1998 to March 2003. There were 8 men and 3 women, the mean age was 56 years (range, 43 to 75 years). There were 2 Vancouver A type fractures, 7 B2 type, 1 B3 type, 1 C type. 5 fractures were treated by nonoperative methods and other 6 by operative methods, including one fracture malunion treated initially by skin traction. There were 5 revisions using long stem supplemented with cortical allograft strut, including 4 uncemented stems with distal fixation and one cemented stem; the remaining one fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Results None was lost for follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 25.6 months (range, 7 to 50 months). 9 fractures united at a mean of 4 months (range, 3 to 6 months). Nonunion was found in 2 fractures, both were treated nonoperatively. All the 6 fractures treated by operative methods united. Up to now, 7 stems were well-fixed, continuous radiolucent line was seen in one revision case, 3 stems were loosened. The function of the patients with well-fixed stems was bet-ter than those with loosened stems, the mean Harris score of the former was 91. All the cortical allograft struts were incorporated with host bone within one year. No strut fracture happened. Conclusion Type A fractures with well-fixed stems can be treated by nonoperative methods, while type B1 and type C fractures should be treated by open reduction and internal fixation, on condition there is no surgical contraindication. For fractures with loosened stems, use of an uncemented long stem with distal fixation supplemented with cortical allograft strut is the best choice.

Abodominal giant incisional hernia is the common complication of abdominal operations,and surgery is the only efficient treatment for it.It is important to treat the local complications,to use antibiotics and to assess the tolerance of increased intra-abdominal pressure before operation.Component separation technique is feasible to close the abdominal wall defect,which is one of the main difficuhies in giant heruia repair.After that,mesh repair with biological materials is recommended to enhance the abdominal wall.Although mesh repair techniques diversified,sandwich hernionhaphy seems superior.This paper will analyse the present treatment progress of abdominal giant incisional hernia.

corrected visual acuity and good visual quality are clinic effects standard of laser in situ keratomeleusis.Visual quality descending for patients after LASIK surgery depends on many factors.This review recommends analyses the influence of visual quality for patients after LASIK surgery and it's guiding significance to LASIK from seven sides,such as visual acuity,refactive diopter,contrast sensitivity,wavefront aberration,increment of Q-value,binocular visual function,the change of dominant eye.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infectivity and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh),and instruct reasonable application of antibiotics clinically.METHODS Mycoplasma IST kit was used to detect Uu and Mh and their drug resistance.RESULTS The prevalence of Mycoplasma in males was 44.7%,in females was 46.0%.The resistance rate of Uu to ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin and(erythromycin) was(85.1%),47.1%,and 24.8%;the resistance rate of Mh to ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin and(erythromycin) was 76.9%,54.2%,and 54.2%,respectively.The sensitive rate of Uu to doxycycline,(pristinamycin) and josamycin was 95.5%,95.5%,and 91.3%;the sensitive rate of Mh to doxycycline,(pristinamycin) and josamycin was 95.8%,95.8%,and 91.7%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS To deal with the(infection) of Uu and Mh,the antibiotics such as doxycycline,josamycin and(others) which are sensitive to such strains can be used.Uu and Mh have a high(resistance) rate to quinolones,which should be paid high clinical(attention).

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of gastrointestinal carcinoma patients by mini-nutritional assessment(MNA),and to compare the relationship with different tranditional evaluative methods. Methods: The nutritional state and the malnutritional incidence were analysed by MNA questionnaire in 496 gastrointestinal carcinoma patients,and the relationship among MNA score and anthropometric measurements and laboratory test was studied.Results: ①According to the scores of MNA, 16.94%(84/496) patients were of mal-nutrition and 42.54%(211/496) patients were at risk of malnutrition.② In terms of each single index,BMI,TSF,AC and AMC,the prevalence of malnutrition was 13.5%,21.9%,15.1% and 15.5% respectively.③According to laboratory test,including serum albumin,PA,TLC,the incidence of malnutrition was 14.9%,25.4% and 30.8%.④ There was a significant correlation between the MNA score and tranditional nutritional estimated markers.The correlation coefficients of MNA with BMI,ALB,AC,TSF,AMC and TLC were between 0.18 and 0.53(P

H295R cells can express all the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones,and have the ability to produce the steroid hormones found in the adult human adrenal cortex. Good correlation of response to toxicity has been reported between H295R cell line and normal adult human adrenal cells. H295R cell line can be used to evaluate effects of chemicals on gene expression,enzymatic activities and hormone production,and to explore the mode of action of chemicals on steroidgenesis. H295R cell line has been suggested as a potentially useful tool for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro. The application of H295R cell line for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro and its current issues are reviewed in this article.

The content of chlorogenic acid in Xiaoer Jiebiao Oral Liquid was determined by HPLC.ODS column was applied.Mobile phase was methanol_1% acetic acid(25∶75),wavelength of detector was 328nm.Samples were extracted with methanol on ultrasonic vibrator.In this method,the linera range of chlorogenic acid is 0.232 ～ 1.16 ?g,the correlation coefficient is 0.9994 ,and the mean recovery is 98.44%. The results showed that this method is simple,quick and reproduciple.