Totally digitalized B-ultrasonography is the tendency of the development of ultrasonic medical instruments. Its basic technical characteristic is realizing real-time processing of the extremely huge ultrasonic data with digital electric circuit. This paper summarized the tendency of development and the primary techniques of signal processing, which including dynamic filtering, log amplification, envelope detection and secondary sampling. Furthermore, various techniques in different procedure of signal processing are introduced in detail.

OBJECTIVE TTo evaluate the clinical manifestations of the laryngeal amyloidosis and its laryngoscopic characteristics.METHODS The clinical data of 11 cases with laryngeal amyloidosis confirmed pathologically was studied retrospectively. RESULTS There were 4 males and 7 females in this study.The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 64 years old (average 43.36?4.16).The duration of symptoms was 4 months to 10 years (average 2.85?0.87 years).Hoarseness presented in 10 patients (90.90%) and dyspnea in 4 patients.The false vocal cord was involved in 8 patients,laryngeal ventricle in 6 patients,true vocal cord in 5 patients and subglottic area in 3 patients observed with fibrolaryngoscope. The appearance of the lesions was mainly described as waxy yellow or yellow-gray submucosal plaques and nodules without ulceration of the overlying mucosa.The laryngostroboscopy demonstrated that the wave of the mucosa and vibration of the involved vocal cords were adynamic or disappeared.CONCLUSION The chief complaint of the laryngeal amyloidosis was hoarseness. Laryngeal amyloidosis is a slowly progressive disease. The lesions commonly involve the false vocal cord, laryngeal ventricle,true vocal cord and subglottic area.

D-amino acids were believed to have no function in higher organisms several years ago. Recently, D-serine was proved to be synthesized by astrocytes in vivo and be released to work as an effective coagonist at the “glycine-binding” site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in central nervous system. In this paper, the synthesis, metabolism and function of D-serine were reviewed briefly.

0bjective To observe the different brain activation of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on healthy subjects and healthy subjects.Methods The different brain activation involved in heroin addiction between healthy subjects and addicts was detected by fMRI.Acupuncture point used in present study Was Zusanli (ST 36).Results Different brain activations between healthy subjects and addicts during electroacupuncture were hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=7.36,P<0.01),anterior cingulate(X5,Y49,Z8,t=4.11,P<0.01),tempo-ral gyrus(X61,Y12,Z8,t=3.05,P<0.01).The difference of activated regions during conventional acupuncture between healthy subjects and heroin addicts was thalamus(X2,Y16,Z12,t=2.87,P<0.01),parahippocampus (X17,Y52,Z3,t=3.14,P<0.01),and hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=6.98,P<0.01).Conclusion Regions with significant activation detected by fMRI are different during acupuncture in heroin addicts and in the healthy subjects.Notably,the hypothalamus activation is more robust in the addicts than in the healthy subjects during ac-upuncture stimulation.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Interleukin-6 ; pharmacology ; Ion Channels ; drug effects ; physiology ; N-Methylaspartate ; physiology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To establish a model to predict the cell-cycle process in response to ionizing radiation.Methods Human choroidal malignant melanoma 92-1 cells were used and the cell cycle distribution of cells was analyzed in 0-96 h after exposure to X-rays.A phenomenological model was constructed based on biological knowledge to describe the cell cycle dynamics in experiments.Results In the present study,a phenomenological model was constructed to describe the cellcycle dynamics of synchronized 92-1 cells in responding to various doses of ionizing radiation.The simulation results obtained with the model were consistent with the experimental data,demonstrating that the model had a good expansibility and could be used to predict the dynamics of cell cycle in responding to ionizing radiation.Further theoretical modeling of the cellcycle dynamics was made and the results were consistent with the simulation.Conclusions A phenomenological model was constructed which could be used to describe the dynamics of cell cycle of cells exposed to ionizing radiation and was supported by the experimental data.Because this model is easy to run by the written code,it has a good expansibility for studying the behaviors of cell populations under various conditions.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of albendazole combined with cimetidine in the treatment of hepatic hydatid disease.Methods 60 cases with liver hydatid disease from 2010 to 2014 wrer selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with albendazole tablets,2 times daily,2 capsules/time.The treatment group was intravenously injected cimetidine based on the treatment of the control group.Before and after treatment,the ultrasound imaging changes and clinical effect were observed.Results In the control group,the total effective rate was 83.33%(25 /30).In the treatment group, the total effective rate was 96.67%(29 /30).The total effective rate between the two groups had statistically signifi-cant difference(χ2 =9.842,P <0.01).Conclusion Albendazole combined with cimetidine in treatment of hepatic hydatid disease has good curative effect,which can be viewed as first choice in the treatment of hydatid disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of active fraction A (TXR-A) extracted from Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR) on inhibition of corticosterone on long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) in rat hippocampal slices. Methods The slices were divided into control, corticosterone, corticosterone+TXR, and corticosterone+different concentration of TXR-A groups, then were incubated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) added by drugs for 1 h before recording and were perfused with the same ACSF during recording. Population spike (PS) was recorded from stratum pyramidale of area CA1 using extracellular recording following stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in rat hippocampal slices. Then a 100 Hz, 100 pulses HFS was used to induce LTP. Results PS amplitude was decreased significantly vs that in the control group, when the slices were pre-incubated in ACSF added by corticosterone (2 ?mol/L) over 1.5 h, meaning that LTP was inhibited by corticosterone. However, PS amplitude of the slices pre-incubated in ACSF added by corticosterone (2 ?mol/L) and high concentration TXR-A was increased significantly vs that of corticosterone pre-treating slices, meaning that high concentration TXR-A enhanced LTP inhibited by corticosterone. Furthermore, increased LTP amplitude in high concentration TXR-A was much more than that in TXR. Conclusion TXR-A is one of main TXR active ingredients which facilitate LTP inhibited by corticosterone in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices. The antagonist (effect) on corticosterone inhibition on LTP is one of the mechanisms to benefit the intelligence.

Long-term potentiation(LTP) of synaptic activity in the hippocampal is the most widely researched model of synaptic plasticity,which is believed to underlie the brain function of learning and memory.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) respond to a variety of cellular and extracellular stimuli, such as growth factors,cytokines,extracellular mitogen and stresses.MAPK are involved in complex processes such as in cell differentiation,proliferation and programmed cell death.It has been reported that the upstream regulators and downstream substrats of MAPKs still widely exist in the mature neuron.MAPKs cascade induces phosphorylation of many functional protein including some receptors and kinases that is associated with induction and maintain of the LTP in the neuron,indicating that MAPKs do play a crucial role in the synaptic plasticity.Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38 activity and its relationship with LTP are reviewed.

Objective To develop a set of high-frequency ultrasound grayscale blood flow imaging system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) to execute simultaneous imaging of superficial blood flow and tissues.Methods This system was mainly composed of an ultrasonic transducer,an ultrasonic transmission and receiving modules,imaging software in host computer and peripheral equipment.A PVDF transducer with the frequency between 20 and 50 MHz was used for the ultrasonic transducer.In transmission and receiving modules,the radio frequency echo signals were digitized by high-speed A/D.Then the digital signals were transmitted,added,filtered,demodulated,log amplified,double sampled,and lastly transferred to the host computer by USB interface for real-time display.Results A vascular 1 mm far form the surface of the hand skin was examined by this system.Four blood flow images were obtained in corresponding with four transmission frequencies.Conclusion Real-time superficial organ blood flow imaging is realized by this system.The solution has the architecture concise and clear,and lays an experimental foundationfor high-frequency ultrasound gray-scale blood flow imaging.