Objective To explore the impacts of Danhong injection on physiological and biochemical indicators in malnourished mice at physiological low doses, evaluate its safety, and test the practical value of safety re-evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicinal ( TCM) injections. Methods A total of 32 ICR mice during growth period were selected to set up corn deficient nutrition mice model. Mice were assigned into the normal control group (given 0. 9% saline), Danhong injection at low, medium and high dosages (0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 mL) groups (n=8 in each group);Mice were administered with respective medications intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken and mice were executed on the 8th day. All 9 kinds of organ or tissue were obtained completely, to measure related physiological and serum biochemical parameters. The safety of Danhong injection was evaluated by using Benefit and Damage Index - General Score ( BDI-GS ) system. Results The Danhong injection showed only slight damages on major organs or tissues, the BDI values were all above 0. 85, and the GS values were all above 9. 0;BDI values for Danhong injection at different dosages were all above 1. 0 for spleen and pancreas, showing better replenishing and healthy effects, and the differences were of statistical significance compared with the normal control group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Meanwhile, it exerted obviously hypoglycemic effect. Conclusion Danhong injection is of rather low risk under physiological dosages, and therefore is safe to use. The mal-nutrition model combined with the BDI-GS system may be developed as a novel approach for safety re-evaluation of TCM injection in clinic.

Objective To study the role and clinical significance of chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF were detected by SP immunohistochemical technique in 56 cases of kidney carcinoma tissues (including 20 cases of lymph node metastasis), 10 normal tissues nearby kidney cancer. Results The positive rates of CXCR4 and VEGF were 66. 1% (37/56) and 73. 2% (41/56),which were significantly higher than those in normal tissues( 20. 0% (2/10) and 30. 0% (3/10), respectively) (P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. The expression of CXCR4 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of VEGF protein (r = 0. 315 ,P ＜ 0.05 ＝ in renal cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR4 and VEGF was closely related to stages of tumor ( χ2 = 9. 520, P = 0. 023; χ2 = 9. 072, P = 0. 027 ), lymphatic metastasis, degree of invasion ( χ2 =4. 972, P = 0. 026; χ2 = 3.910, P = 0. 034 ), and microvessel density ( MVD) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. However, they were not related to sex ( χ2 = 0. 020, P= 0. 887; χ2 = 0. 001, P = 0. 716 ), tumor size ( χ2 = 0. 003, P = 0. 995; χ2 =0. 108, P = 0. 990) and pathologic types ( χ2 = 1. 960, P = 0. 900; χ2 = 0. 112, P = 0. 994). Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins in renal cell carcinoma,the high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins may be related to the metastasis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,thus they could be used as important indicators in judging the metastasis prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,and offer prospects for the treatment of renal cell carcinona.

Objective To study the effect of CT scanning condition on the target position coordinate with WIMRT radiotherapy planning system using the" Z" form localizing frame. Methods The whole Head Phantom containing three metal targets was scanned under the following conditions: localizing frame transver-sally tilting, CT gantry tilting and localizing frame axially tilting. Then the three target coordinates were com-puted respectively and compared with those under the standard condition. Results The height and width of coordinate under the localizing frame transversally tilting condition deviated from those under the standard scanning condition,which was in an angle dependent manner. On the other hand ,a tendency was shown that the greater the absolute height value of the targets coordinate, the greater the width value deviation. And so was the relation between the absolute width value of the coordinate and height value deviation. If CT gantry angle was not zero degree or localizing frame axis is not in the same line with the CT bed moving direction, the calculated longititude value of the targets coordinate was mainly affected. Conclusions CT scanning must be performed strictly under the standard localizing scanning condition by a proficient physicist.

Objective To establish the microtiter plate radiobinding assay (RBA) of IA-2A and to evaluate its clinical application. Methods The purified ~(35)S - IA-2 was incubated with sera for 24 hours on a 96-well V-shaped bottom plate, and then transferred to the Millipore plate coated with protein A, and counted with liquid scintillation and luminescence counters after washing. The IA-2A levels were detected in 162 patients with type 1 diabetes(T1DM),210 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes(T2DM) and 224 healthy controls to evaluate clinical application of IA-2A RBA. Results 1. The intra-coefficient of variation (CV) of the assay was 4.1%～10.0%, and the inter CV was 5.7%～12.8%. 2. The results from DASP 2005 showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 72% and 98%. The results of IA-2A from two methods of RBA and classical radioligand assay(RLA) were significantly correlated (r=0.962,P＜0.001) with a consistency of 96.5%. 3. When compared with the healthy controls, T1DM patients had higher positivity for IA-2A (22.8% vs 0.89%, χ~2=49.9,P＜0.001), but no significant difference was found in T2DM patients(2.4% vs 0.89%, χ~2=1.5,P＞0.05). 4. The consistency rate of IA-2A measurement was 100% between RBA using finger tip blood and RLA using venous blood (r=0.977,P＜0.001). Conclusions The microtiter plate RBA of IA-2A using finger tip blood has high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and possesses a good clinical value.

Objective To explore the characteristics of T cell immunity in peripheral blood of patients with carboxypeptidase - H antibody (CPH-Ab). Methods Forty-two latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients with CPH-Ab~+ alone, 20 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM), and 22 healthy controls were selected and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Human recombinant carboxypeptidase (CPH) protein was expressed and further used as a stimulant in Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect IFN-γ-Th1 and IL-4-Th2 cells in the 3 groups. Th1/Th2 ratios were also calculated. CPH-Ab and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) were determined by radioligand assay. Results Compared with healthy controls and T2DM, IFN-γ-Th1 and IL-4-Th2 numbers did not increase significantly in CPH-Ab~+ group, nor did the Th1/Th2 ratios (P ＞0. 05). We further divided the CPH-Ab~+ patients into a short duration group (n = 22) and a long duration subgroup (n = 20) according to the duration of 3 years. CPH-IL-4-T in the short duration subgroup was significantly higher than that in T2DM and healthy controls (1. 8 vs. 0.2 and 0.3, both P ＜ 0. 05) and we did not find any factor that was significantly correlated with the IL-4 spots number. There were not any significant differences in T cell responses to phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) among all groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion CPH does not directly involve in the cellular pathological mechanism of LADA. Anti-CPH immunity may be associated with more slowly aggressive beta cell autoimmunity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of surgical skills, anhepatic time and preoperative hepatic function grading with bacteria infection after the liver transplantation and identify the common bacterial flora involved for effective prevention and treatment of the posttransplant bacterial infection. METHODS;The clinical records of 31 cases of liver transplantation from August 2004 to August 2005 were reviewed and the collected data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS; Among the 31 cases, posttransplant bacterial infection occurred in 16 cases accounting for a total incidence of 51.61%, with the incidence of multi-system (or multi-organ) infection of 22.58%. The earlier cases had longer average surgery time and anhepatic period than the later cases, with also higher incidence of infection. Among the 19 patients with hepatic function class A before surgery, 7 acquired bacterial infection involving one system or organ, 2 had infections compromising multiple system or organ. In the 8 patients of hepatic function class B before surgery, 2 had single-system or -organ infection and 1 multi-system or -organ infection. Four out of the 5 patients with hepatic function class C before surgery acquired posttransplant bacterial infections, all involving multiple systems or organs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria responsible for the infections in these cases.

CONCLUSIONImprovement of surgical skills can obviously reduce the incidence of bacterial infection after liver transplantation. No evidences suggest the correlation between the incidence of infections (including severe ones) and hepatic function class A or B before the operation, whereas patients with preoperative hepatic function class C seems to be at higher risk for infection involving multiple systems or organs. The anhepatic time does not significantly impact on the incidence or severity of the posttransplant infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacteria causing the infections.

Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors

This paper was aim to screen microorganisms with attenualed efficiency for Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A by liquid-state fermentation. Twelve Chinese medicine were detected by UPLC and aristolochic acid A was only founded in four species of Aristolochia, those were Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Aristolochiae Radix, Aistolochia Contorta Bunge and Herba Aristolochiae Mollissima,but not in the others. With the four Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A as raw material, ten microorganisms were tested, and the content of aristolochic acid A was detected by UPLC. The results showed that one microorganism can decrease content of aristolochic acid A in all those four Chinese medicine.
Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology

Objective To evaluate the effect of pre-cut-endoscopic mucosa resection of colorectal laterally spreading tumor. Methods 65 patients with LST were enrolled from January 2014 to February 2014. LST was detected by chromoendoscopy and NBI combined with magnifying endoscopy technique. The size, site, morphological features, were observed and the histopathological features of the specimen of LST was analyzed. All the 65 LSTs were resect by pre-cut-EMR. The clinical results including enbloc resection rate, all bloc resection rate, procedure time, complication and recurrence rates were retrospectively evaluated. Results All the 65 LSTs lesions ranged from 2.0 cm to 5.0 cm, with a mean diameter of (2.4 ± 1.7) cm. The site of 65 LSTs was in rectum 28 (43.1 %), 11 LSTs in sigmoid colon (16.9 %), 6 LSTs in descending colon (9.2 %), 2 LSTs in splenic flexure of colon (3.1 %), 9 LSTs in transverse colon (13.8 %), 4 LSTs in Hepatic flexure of colon (6.2 %), 2 LSTs in ascending colon(3.1 %), and 3 LSTs in cecum (4.6 %). Morphology of 23 LSTs were homogeneous granular type (35.4 %), 27 LSTs were mixed non-granular type (41.5 %), 13 LSTs were flat elevated type (20.0 %), and 2 LSTs were pseudo-depressed type (3.1 %). The histopathological diagnoses of LST included 12 tubular adenoma (18.5 %), 19 villous-tubular adenoma (29.2 %), 26 villous adenoma (40.0 %), 7 advanced intraepithelial tumor (10.7 %), 1 intramucosal carcinoma (1.5 %). Enbloc resection was achieved in 65 patients (100.0 %) with a mean operation time of (18.0 ± 11.7) min. 5 cases were bleeding during the operation (7.7 %), 1 case was bleeding 7 days after operation (1.5 %), no perforation was happened. 65 patients were followed up for 3 ~ 12 months, and no local recurrence was found. Conclusion Pre-cut-endoscopic mucosal resection an effective and safe therapy for colorectal LST larger than 2.0 cm.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Shoulder Pain ; etiology ; Visual Analog Scale

Objective:To investigate the association between dopamine receptor D2(DRD2) polymorphisms and smoking in male patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 773 patients with schizophrenia (567 smokers and 206 non-smokers) and 302 normal controls (168 smokers and 134 non-smokers) were recruited.The two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800497 and rs1079597) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP).SHEsis genetic analysis platform was used to calculate linkage disequilibrium index and infer allele distribution and haplotype frequency.Results:There was no significant difference in two SNPs genotype and allele distributions between the patients and normal controls or between smokers and non-smokers in either patients or normal controls alone (Ps ＞ 0.05);the frequency estimations of haplotype C-A and T-G in patients with schizophrenia were higher than in normal controls (8.0％ vs.5.2％,10.2％ vs.4.1％,Ps ＜0.05),T-A (34.6％ vs.40.2％,P ＜0.05),whereas the frequency estimation of haplotype T-A in patients with schizophrenia was lower than in normal controls,and all the differences were statistically significant (34.6％ vs.40.2％,P ＜ 0.05).It was also observed that the frequency estimation of haplotype T-A in normal smokers was significantly lower than in normal non-smokers (2.5％ vs.6.1％,P ＜0.05).Conclusion:There may be a correlation between DRD2 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to schizophrenia,but not between DRD2 polymorphisms and smoking neither in patients with schizophrenia nor in normal controls.