Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Bronchi ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; China ; Endosonography ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Isolation of geniposide in Gardenia jasminoides was accomplished by high performance GF254 TLC and the content of the said component in the herb and its preparation determined by linear scanning at ?248nm. The method was simple and accurate.

The data of awarded research achievements of Cancer Hospital/Institute CAMS & PUMC were analyzed in this article.It showed that achievements were mainly focused on esophageal cancer,head and neck cancer.liver cancer and cervical cancer.However,the main disciplines for the achievements were etiology,genetics,cell biology,immunology and surgery.These results indicated that base on the cancer control practice in China,focus on prevention in field stations,close collaboration among different disciplines and keeping the academic team working efficiently and developing continually is the key to obtain thus research achievements.

Objective Our aim is to compare the safety and benefits of laparoscopic versus open incision hernia repair.Methods Forty-seven patients in our hospital were analyzed with prospective randomized double-blind study following either laparoscopic or open hernia repair.And others prospective randomized studies(PRS)were analyzed.Results Overall complication rate was similar in both groups(8.5% versus 9.2% in the laparoscopic and open groups respectively),but some early complications in the laparoscopic group maybe require a reoperation.Operating time was similar in the laparoscopic group.There was shorter length of stay and higher expense in the laparoscopic group and there was significant difference in the pain scores and medications,resumption of diet,or activity scores.At 2 weeks,there was no difference in the activity or pain scores,but physical function and physical health scores on the short-form 36(SF36)quality of life assessment forms were little in the laparoscopic group.Regardless of the technique(P=0.158).The result of PRS meta-analyses is that operating time was simila in the laparoscopic group.There was longer length of stay in the Laparoscopic group.And the rate of wound infection is significantly higher in the open groups.Conclusion Unlike other minimally invasive procedures,Laparoscopic hernia repair did not offer an advantage over open hernia repair in all studied parameters except pain,activities and quality of life scores at 2 weeks.It also took similar to perform.The choice of the procedure should be based on surgeon or patient preference.

Objective To investigate the methods of treating great saphenous varicosity by inserting optical fiber straight into EVLT.Methods Wuhan Linyun Laser Therapeutic System was introduced to treat 205 cases (257 limbs)of great saphenous varicosity.Optical fiber instead of blood vessel sheath and catheter was inserted straight into endovenous laser treatment(EVLT)through arteriovenons permanent needle was adopted.Results Operations lasted 35～55 minutes,averaging 45 minutes.Patients were hospitalized for 5～7 days.Postoperative vis- its were followed for 3～12 months,averaging 6 months.Two months after the operation,appraisal according to the curative effect evaluation criteria was carried on.The cure rate for superficial varicosity is 97.3%(250/257),for lower extremities swelling asthenia is 93.7%(150/160),for skin pigmentation is 91.8%(56/61),and for swelling is 90.9%(20/22).10 cases(3.9%)suffered from skin ambustion.9 cases(3.5%)suffered from shank anesthesia and stabbing pain.15 cases(5.8%)suffered from hypodermic tubercle.The patients had not deep venous thrombosis after the operation and the wounds healed well.Conclusion Inserting optical fiber straight into EVLT through arte- riovenous permanent needle brings about more accurate treatment.It can be operated simply,causing small wounds and less pain.

Objective:To observe efficacy of Weichangshu in treatment of diabetic gastroparesis(DGP).Methods:96 cases of DGP conformed with the criteria were randomly divided into two groups.They were treated by oral administration of Weichangshu and Mosapride respectively for 4 weeks in addition to original treatment program for controlling blood sugar.Changes of clinical symptoms,FBG and P2hBG,gastric antrum-duodenum interdigestive period migrating motion compound wave(MMC)and electrogastrogram(EGG)before and after treatment were investigated.Results:Clinical symptoms were significantly improved in both groups.The markedly effective rate was 62.50% and the total effective rate was 91.67% in the Weichangshu group,and the corresponding index was 60.42% and 89.58% in the Mosapride group.After treatment,MMC significantly improved in both groups,with significant differences in lasting time of phase Ⅱ,and phase Ⅲ,and the contraction amplitude as compared with those before treatment(P

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; physiology ; Phytotherapy

For the characteristics including minimal invasion,low incidence of complication and better postoperative prognosis,endoscopic therapy is widely accepted to be the first line therapy for most biliary strictures.At present,repeated progressive dilation combined with multiple plastic stents placement is the main therapy for benign biliary strictures.The long-term effective rate is relatively high in surgery related strictures,but in the non-surgery related strictures,its long-term effective rate is limited and the optimal therapy should be chosen cautiously according to patients' condition.In malignent biliary stricutes,dilation combined with metallic stents placement is recommended to treat both of preoperative long-term drainage in patients with resectable tumor and palliative treatment in patients with unresectable tumor,while nosobiliary drainage is recommended in preoperative short-term drainage. The choice of unilateral or bilateral drainage depends on patients' conditons in malignent hilar biliary strictures.The merits and demerits of stents should be mastered before they are placed in stricture sections.Recently,a lot of new endoscopic technologies and methods are applied in clinical practice,but their curative effect should be tested.Therefore,accumulative evidence-based data are needed to make them more rational and more standard.

Objective To observe the effects of blocking renin-angiotensin system with losartan or perindopril on renal angiotensinⅡand its type 1 receptor （AT1R） expression in STZ-induced （diabetic） rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group （NC） and （diabetic） group. Diabetes was induced by STZ （65 mg/kg） abdominal injection. Four weeks later, diabetic rats were further divided into 4 groups: diabetic rats treated with losartan (DL, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1),diabetic rats treated with perindopril (DP,2 mg·kg-1·d-1) and diabetic untreated control group（DC）. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and renal angiotensin （Ⅱ.）Expression of AT1R was detected by RT-PCR in each group before and after 12 week′s treatment. Results At the 4th week, renal AT1R expression decreased. At the 16th week, plasma angiotensinⅡ,renal angiotensinⅡand AT1R mRNA in diabetic untreated group were significantly higher than those in normal rats. （Renal） angiotensinⅡand AT1R in losartan or perindopril-treatmented group were significantly lower than those in DC group. Conclusion Intrarenal RAS is abnormal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renoprotective effects of losartan and perindopril may partly induced by inhibiting renal angiotensinⅡ and AT1R （expression.）