Objective:To study the influences of estrogen and progesteron on bone histomorphometry and renal expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 receptor(VDR) mRNA in ovariectomized rats.Methods: Twenty-five adult female SD rats were equally randomized into 5 groups:sham-operation(Sham),ovariectomization(OVX),ovariectomization plus estrogen treatment(OVX+E),ovariectomization plus progesteron treatment(OVX+P) and ovariectomization plus both estrogen and progesteron(OVX+E+P) groups.All animals were killed to assess renal VDR mRNA expression by RT-PCR after 3.5 months feeding.Undecalcified proximal tibia was used to assess the bone histomorphometry with digitizing image analysis system.Results: OVX group,with weakened bone structure,had decreased cancellous bone and increased parameters of osteal formation and resorption compared with Sham,OVX+E and OVX+E+P groups(P

Objective:To study the effect of glucocorticoid receptor beta overexpression on the regulatory effect of glucocorticoid on proliferation and differentiation of human osteosarcoma cell and to investigate the biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor beta.Methods: Glucocorticoid receptor beta was stably transfected into human osteosarcoma cells and the stable transfectants were treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone(10~(-10)-10~(-6) mol/L).Then cell proliferation was determined by MTT method and viable cell counting;alkaline phosphatase was detected by standard hydroxybenzene colorimetry.Results and Conclusion: In stable transfectants overexpressing glucocorticoid receptor beta,glucocorticoid-induced cell proliferation repression and cell differentiation are inhibited,indicating that glucocorticoid receptor beta may be an endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor alpha.

Objective: Three dimensional X-ray imaging by Volume RAD, familiar with the operation method, a reasonable set of parametersin time, improve the technology efficiency at the same time, the control of possible ways to reduce the radiation dose. Methods: The 168 cases of patients with Volume RAD examination were divided into low, middle, high dose group, dose ratio was 5:10:15; respectively to examine patient’s chest, head, cervical spine, pelvis and knee joints, observe its effect. To track acquisition and scanning sampling, analyze of experiment and the effect. Results:The experimental results show, small lung nodules and trabecular bone dose, high dose group in the image quality is better than the dose than the low dose group, the display image quality, no significant difference between the 3 groups. Conclusion:After a time exposure capture can be parallel to the image surface of the detector series, was displayed in thecomplex structure and the overlapping parts of the details. But its operations are complex, need the exposure dose on dozens of times, how to control the exposure time and dose, which needs further research to select the best dose control scheme.

Objective To construct dendritic cell(DC) vaccine expressing hepatitis C virus(HCV) multi-cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) epitopes,which can stimulate T-cell response in vitro,providing certain information for immunization experiments in vivo for the next step.Methods DCs were infected with recombinant defective adenoviruses expressing two HCV CTL epitopes with tagged green fluorescent protein(GFP).The rate of infection was detected by the fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry;the expression of multiple CTL epitopes in DC was proved by RT-PCR and Western Blot.The cell surface markers of DC such as CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR were identified by flow cytometry.T cell proliferation effect promoted by DC was observed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).IL-12p70 in DC culture supernatant and IFN-γ in T cell supernatant were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA).HCV specific CTL activity was measured by LDH release assay.Results Recombinant multi-CTL epitopes and GFP were successfully expressed in DC.Adenovirus can promote DC maturation,the percentages of CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR were(71.19±3.29)%,(81.21±5.07)%,(91.23±4.24)%,(97.95±5.31)% respectively.Infected DC promotes homologous T cell proliferation and the stimulation index was 6.806±0.247 when DC:T was 1:10.The secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ was also increased to(193.83±6.25) pg/ml and(111.14±2.09) pg/ml respectively.The CTL stimulated by infected DC could specifically kill Huh-7.5 cells transfected with FL-J6/JFH transcripts.The cytotoxicity was 35.99% when the rate of effector to target was 100:1.Conclusion The multi-CTL epitopes recombinant adenovirus can effectively infect DC in vitro,promoting the T cell immune response,laying the foundation for developing anti-HCV DC vaccine.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous RNAs, which handle post-transcriptional gene regulation activity through targeting messenger RNAs.As the deep understanding of them, miRNAs had been found to participate in numerous basic biological processes, including the normal growth process of tissues and organs ,as well as the pathologic course of diseases.Different miRNAs may be involved in different tissues and organs, the same miRNA may have different expression in various physiological process or stages of pathological conditions.Now, the recent studies about the miRNAs in the lung development and pulmonary diseases were reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the transcription factor GATA-4 in human heart development.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GATA-4 in 45 normal human embryonic hearts of 6-23 gestational weeks.Results: In the early stage of the fetal heart morphogenesis,we observed no GATA-4 expression in the ventricle,weak expression in the atria and relatively high expression in the trabecular nets.With the heart development,the GATA-4 expression was enhanced in the atria,ventricle,trabecular nets and atrial-ventricular valves,as well as in the muscular and membranous interventricular septum,the highest in each part of the heart.Conclusion: The transcription factor GATA-4 plays an important role in human heart development.

Application of the techniques of pedicle screw fixation in t horacolumbar spine has forcefully promoted the development of spinal surgery. Th e key to the techniques is that the pedicle screw insertion must be located into the sole exact routeway of the three-dimensional-space, that is, into the inn er vertebral body through the pedicle according to the exact arrow plane angle a nd horizontal plane angle. Recently great development has been made in the resea rch on the techniques of pedicle screw insertion in thoracolumbar spine, especia lly in the supervising means during operation. The means have been developed fro m the traditional X-ray perspective or photograph apposition to the application of computer-assisted technique. This paper reviews and discusses the current d evelopment and prospects in the research on the techniques of pedicle screw inse rtion in thoracolumbar spine.

Objective To compare the clinical results of the intramedullary nails (Gamma nail and the proximal femoral nail) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur. Methods A review study was conducted on 116 intertrochanteric fractures of femur treated with the Gamma nail and 89 treated with PFN in our hospital between 2000 and 2003. Results In the Gamma nail group, the mean time for operation was 68.3(48 to 106)minutes,the mean blood loss during operation was 261(180 to 400)mL,the mean time for walking after operation was 5.0 (2.3 to 8.9)weeks and the mean time for bone union was 8.6(7.1 to 12.6)weeks. In the PFN group, the mean time for operation was 48.0(36 to 85)minutes, the mean blood loss during operation was 192(120 to 360)mL,the mean time for walking after operation was 5.3(2.5 to 8.1)weeks and the mean time for bone union was 8.8(6.9 to 12.1)weeks. There were significant differences in the mean time for operation and the mean blood loss between the 2 groups(P

So far,thoracoscopy(video-assisted thoracic surgery) has been maturely used in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,and already has achieved satisfactory results.In compare,the developing cardioscopy technique to perform intracardiac surgery,due to its own characteristics,was rarely applied as an supplementary clinical means over a long period of time.But more and more studies suggested that cardioscopy technique has it's own advantages in cardiovascular surgery,such as not extend the operation time and aortic clamping time,can provide a clearer operative field,and cause less tissue damage.Although there are a few cases reported completely cardioscopy technique treatment experience,it has not been widely used in clinical because of it's limitations.Even no such kind of research has been reported in China yet.This article aims to review the status of cardioscopy technique and its development prospects,to investigate the feasibility of its'widely clinical application in the future