There are still two outstanding problems in comprehensive quality assessment index system of clinical medical undergraduates:contents of assessment is incomprehensive and every index has no quantitative research based weight.This article elaborated on a complete index framework,covering required knowledge,abilities,attitude,morality of clinical medical undergraduates and proposed a set of methods and processes,including literature research method,system analysis method,brainstorming,expert interviews,Delphi method,and some statistical methods,providing a theoretical basis for the development of comprehensive quality assessment index system for clinical medical undergraduates.

Objective To explore the response inhibition ability of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children. Methods Subjects were 27 oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children and 27 normal children. They were asked to complete the stop signal task,go/no go task and the Simon task. Results The delay time of stop reaction (SOA,(260.27 ±69.12)ms) and go reaction time( (554.31 ±55. 81 )ms)of the oppositional defiant disorder symptoms children were shorter than the control group, the difference was significant (P＜0. 05). However,the stop reaction and interference control ability were no significant difference between these two groups. Conclusion Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms children's poor prepotent response inhibition ability is cognitive mechanism of their impulsive behaviors.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; metabolism ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; pathology

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology ; pathology ; virology

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; standards ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Pathology ; education ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Reference Standards

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the association between systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and polymorphism of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene(CTLA-4) and the effect on ANA and anti-dsDNA antibody.Methods The A/G substitution was investigated in the exon 1 position 49 in 92 SLE patients and 60 controls by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).ANA and anti-dsDNA antibody were examined by indirect fluorescence immunoassay.Results SLE patients had significantly higher frequencies of the CTLA-4+49GG allele than controls(P

Objective:To investigate the effects of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on the expression of endothelial CD40L and lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion.Methods:HUVEC was used for adhesion assay and CD40L detection.The effect of mycophenolic acid(MPA),an active metabolite of MMF,was observed in the study.HUVEC were treated with TNF-? or/and MPA for 24 hours.The lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion was detected by Rose Bengal staining.After treated with TNF-?,rIFN-?,and LPS,HUVEC CD40L expression was detected.HUVEC was treated with any of the modulators or each combined with MPA,respectively for 24 hours and different doses of MPA combined with LPS were also designed to stimulate HUVEC for 24 hours.The expression of CD40L on HUVEC was detected by cell-ELISA method.Results:MPA inhibited adhesion to lymphocytes of the HUVECs of either resting or stimulated with TNF-?.The cytokines used in the study induced expression of CD40L on HUVECs.MPA did not inhibit CD40L expression on resitng HUVECs,whereas it inhitbited CD40L expression induced by TNF-?,rIFN-?,or LPS,and the inhibition of CD40L expression on the cells induced by LPS was shown in dose of MMF-dependnet pattern.Conclusion:Endothelial cells express a low level of constitutive CD40L that is increased by treated with simple cytokines.MMF inhibits interactions between endothelial cells and lymphocytes by suppressing the expression of CD4OL on endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE To study the phenomenon of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and antibody(HBsAb) both positive in blood samples.METHODS Using electro-chemo-luminescence immune system E170 to detect HBsAg and HBsAb in clinical samples and retest the both positive cases by another two reagents for HBsAg and another three reagents for HBsAb.RESULTS All 7332 samples showed 140 both HBsAg and HBsAb positive(1.9%) and 73 of them were retested for HBsAb by another three reagents which gave altogether 24 positive results,which was not related to each other.Those gave higher HBsAb value by E170 showed higher positive rate by Abbott reagent.CONCLUSIONS HBsAg and HBsAb both positive results are not rare.It may be due to the interactions between the patient and the infected hepatitis B virus.Besides,the quality of reagents and correct lab operating procedures may also affect the test results.

Objective To understand the types and risk factors of human papillomavirus (HPV ) infection among the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer . Methods The patients with TCT screening in many hospital of Chongqing from June 2012 to December 2013 were selected and performed the HPV typing ,9 328 cases succeeded in HPV typing .The main types of HPV infection in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were statistically analyzed for determining the risk factors .Results HPV16 was the most common infection type among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing area ,followed by HPV52 ,58 ,33 ,18 .Some factors such as multiple sex partners ,young female with sexual debut and induced abortion were the risk factors of HPV infection .Conclusion Single and high-risk type is the main feature of HPV infection among the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing .The infection rate is higher with the higher grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia .Publicity and education for risk factors of HPV infection should be strengthened ,which will help to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer .