Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of chronic gluteal pain.Methods 79 cases with chronic gluteal pain were provided in series of strict clinical examination to make sure their final diagnosis.Results 67 cases were identified with lumbar disc herniation,7 cases were of sacroiliac joint disease,2 cases of L5 isthmic spondyloisthesis,2 eases of avaseular necrosis of the femoral head,1 case of compressive fracture of thoracolumbar re- gion.Meantime 2 other concealed factors ought to be noted:ankylosing spondylitis and 12th intercostals neuritis. Conclusion Most cases of chronic gluteal pain were resulted from lumbar disc herniation,next from sacroiliac joint disturbances and probably a few cases from hip ioint disease.

Objective To investigate the serial clinical course about osteoporosis and spinal fracture,so as to promote knowledge of diagnosis and treatment. Methods 53 cases with whole clinical stuff were provided for analysis and study,especially on the diagnosis and medical treatment,it helps us to draw a conclusion from experience and lessons. Results After a series of proper treatments, the patients became healthy and sound earlier on,and the rate of good-results is 92 % . Conclusion Normally, the cause of the death is not just because of the fracture itself, but the complication which results from bed rest. In order to get the best result of treatment,solve the ambivalence synthetically and relatively.

Objective To investigate the effect through clinical practice on the treatment of clavicular fractures.Methods 89 patients with a aeries of strict clinical examination were provided to determine the diagnosis,treatment design.Results After anatomic reduction,if the end of fracture became stability,joint pain disappeared even with oppression and the activities of the shoulder became normal,the healing effect is excellent.There were 48 cases of this kind and it was 54%of the whole;after anatomic reduction,if the end of fracture becatne stability,surrounding local joint pain disappeared with oppression and the activities of the shoulder nearly became normal,the healing effect belongs to the good.There were 25 cascs of this kind and it was 28% of the whole;if patients only achieved a reduetion of 1/2,they would suffer various degrees of pain after lifting heavy objects or moving and their joint activities would be restricted.The healing effect is also OK and there were 11 cases of this kind and it Wsa 12% of the whole;besides,poor treatment outcome for five cases,accounting for 6%.Excellent rate is 94% altogether.Conclusion The treatment of clavicular fractures to open reduction and internsl surgery is better than the traditional solid eight characrers bandage external fixation approach reduction.The use of reconstruction plate and collarbone hook plate is a well-established method of selection,by which bones can be fixed solidly and patients can move their shoulders earlier.What's more,joint function can restore quickly,the results are satisfactory.

Clinical phenotypes and endophenotypes of atopic dermatitis are diverse, and it is of great significance to identify characteristics of different clinical phenotypes and endophenotypes for auxiliary diagnosis and targeted treatments. This review elaborates clinical phenotypic differences of atopic dermatitis in terms of age of onset, ethnic background, disease severity, etc., and summarizes clinical significance of endophenotypes and related biomarkers.

Objective To analyze hospitalization expenses and influential factors of elderly inpatients with medical insurance,and to provide scientific evidences for curbing hospitalization expenses and adjusting medical insurance policy.Methods Based on hospitalization data derived from Beijing town during 2007-2011 from 65082 elderly urban inpatients under medical insurance,descriptive analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression methods were used to analyze the hospitalization expense and its influential factors.Results The last 5 year witnessed rising hospitalization expense and average hospitalization expense per admission of elderly patients with medical insurance; among the components of hospitalization expense,cardiovascular/cerebrovascular/tumor/respiratory system diseases cause the heaviest medical burden; days of stay,hospital level,out-of-pocket proportion are the most important influential factors on their hospitalization expense per time.Conclusion The hospitalization expense of elderly patients with medical insurance keeps growing.Therefore,shorter days of stay,rational referral of patients to appropriate hospitals,adjusting out-of-pocket proportion would be effective measures of curbing hospitalization expense.

Single nucleotide polymorphism( SNP) is a major source of genetic differences, and the number of SNP is extremely large. Consequently, a high-throughput, rapid and cost-effective technique is essential for SNP typing. Recently, a set of solutions aimed directly at the bottlenecks in SNP detection were put forward, which including direct PCR from human whole blood, adapter-ligation mediated allele-specific amplification, gene polymorphism detection in one tube, microplate array parallel gel electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis. These methods have been successfully applied in pharmacogenomics, disease-related research, herbal medicine identification and quality control. The results showed that the advantages of the genotyping platforms are highly specific, sensitive, easy to operate and inexpensive with a good prospect of application. The principles and applications of the genotyping platforms in detail were described in this paper.

To establish a simple and rapid method to genotype the human single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). Methods:In the presence of the appropriate Cy5-ddNTPs and dNTPs,the primer was extended by one or more bases depending on the sequence at the polymorphic site. The microchip electrophoresis was used to detect the product of extension.The switching characteristics of the primer extension reaction was increased by introducing an artificially mismatched base into the third position from the 3'-terminus of the primers. Results:Three human SNPs were detected and the alleles were distinguished on the basis of size of the extended product. All samples were accurately assayed within 100 s in microchip electrophoresis. Conclusion:This technique offers a high-speed,easy and cheap method for genotyping SNPs.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of the combination of intensive immunosuppression therapy with umbilical cord blood infusion in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients with infections.Methods A retrospective analysis of bacterial spectrum and treatment effect was performed for infections occurred in 27 SAA-Ⅰ patients who received antithymocyte globulin (ATG),cyclophosphamide (Cy) and cyclosporine A (CsA) followed by umbilical cord blood infusion.Results The prevalence of infections in 27 SAA-Ⅰ patients was 48.1％,among which 70 ％ were infected with bacteria (mostly gram-negative bacilli) and 30 ％ with fungal infection.Upper respiratory tract was the most common site,followed by the blood and lungs.The primary infections occurred at the median time of 9.5 d (-2-10 d)after the immunosuppressive therapy,and the initial infections of ANC were ＜ 0.2 ×109/L.Conclusion Combination of intensive immunosuppression and umbilical cord blood infusion is proven effective in treating SAA-Ⅰ.As a result,infection rate is low and can be controlled with sensitive antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE The roles of sense neuropeptides in the allergic rhinitis were investigated by observing the symptoms and changes in the level of the neuropeptides in rabbits sensitized after severing of their sphenoidpalatine or sympathetic nerve. METHODS ①SP and CGRP were observed in nasal mucosa of rabbits in four weeks. ② Twenty rabbits were divided into three groups: group C(sphenoidpalatine nerve severed),group D(sympathetic nerve severed) and group E(not operated on).Groups C and D were sensitized three days after the operation. Four rabbits were killed at two and four weeks post-operation in groups C and D. RESULTS ①There was no difference between SP and CGRP levels in four weeks. ②The levels of SP in the nasal mucosa of group C at two and four weeks after sensitization were 16.1?0.77 and 15.02?0.24, respectively. The levels of SP in group D were 34.13?1.45 and 33.23?1.99, respectively. The levels of SP in group E were 20.68?0.01 and 20.56?1.27, respectively. The level of SP in Group C was lower than in Group E. The level of SP in Group D was higher than in Group E. The level of CGRP correlates with the level of SP. CONCLUSION SP and CGRP levels are correlated with the occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To quantify Contribution to LE at Birth from Mortality Variation for Some Diseases in Shanghai.Methods Health problem for population was classified into 5 group: infectious group,tumor,cerebrovascular group,injury and others.Cause elimination life table methods was employed to analyze the mortality registry data for Shanghai residents during 1953 to 1999.Chisquare for trend was used to analyze the variation for ASMR and Pearson correlation was used to describe the relationship between the variation of LE at birth and social economic factors.Results During 1953 to 1999,crude mortality rate(CMR),mortality rate by area,age-specific mortality rate(ASMR) from infectious group diseases showed obvious trends of descending.Also CMR and ASMR from injury for urban residents showed obvious trends of ascending.However,for suburb residents,CMR from injury had a trend of decline but ASMR had no significant trend.CMR from tumor and cerebrovascular group for Shanghai residents showed a rising trend but mortality rate by area and ASMR not.After 1979,the proportion of contribution for the rise of LE at birth for Shanghai urban residents from infectious group was about 33%,which was much higher than that of other 3 groups.The proportions of contribution in suburb male group from injury and cerebrovascular were 40.26% and 25.18%,respectively.The variation of mortality risk from tumor for urban male residents gave a negative contribution to respondent rise of LE at birth.Besides,the proportions of contribution in suburb female group from infectious disease(21.60%) and injury(12.55%) were largest.Compared to the mortality in 1996,among infectious group,injuries,tumor and cerebrovascular group,potential decline of mortality from tumor contribute the most to the rise of LE at birth,cerebrovascular group has the second,injury had the third and infectious group has the least.Development of Shanghai medical service resource showed a significant correlation with the rise of LE at birth.Conclusion Shanghai has successfully prevented and controlled the infectious disease group.The future strategy for disease prevention and control ought to focus on tumor,cerebrovascular diseases and injury.Based on the theory of risk competing,cause elimination life table method help greatly to set proper LE aims for public health plan.