BACKGROUND:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) may play an important role in the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation, which is involved in the regulation of a variety of exercise-induced biological reactions.
OBJECTIVE:To review the PGC-1αand endurance training induced skeletal muscle adaptations.
METHODS:The relevant articles about relationship between PGC-1αand endurance training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations were searched from PubMed database (1995-01/2010-10) by using the keywords of“PGC-1α, skeletal muscle, exercise, mitochondrial biogenesis, adaptations”, and the language was limited to English. Repetitive contents were deleted. The 59 col ected articles were searched. According to the criterion, 37 were classified and sorted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endurance training can typical y increase the expression/activity of membrane transporters and mitochondrial metabolic enzymes as wel as increase capil arisation in the skeletal muscle, together enhancing the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the ability to oxidize both carbohydrates and fatty acids. Studies in PGC-1αknockout and overexpression mice have clearly demonstrated that PGC-1αplays an important role in maintaining the expression of mitochondrial metabolic and anti-oxidant enzymes in the skeletal muscle and does influence exercise-induced adaptations of mitochondrial proteins. However, PGC-1αis not exclusively required, and additional factors must be involved in the regulation of both basal expression and exercise-induced adaptations. Exercise-induced PGC-1αexpression and potential y increased PGC-1αactivity are likely the mechanisms contributing to skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations and concomitant health beneficial effects of regular physical activity.

It is difficult to resect completely for brain glioma with surgery because of the characteristic of strong invasion and no obvious verge with the brain tissue, and result in easily recurrentshort life time and high mortality. Radiotherapy is important for patients after surgery. The factor of prognosis include ageKarnofsky score, pathology and degree of invasion. Recently, the improvement of new equipment and technology provide the more approach for brain glioma. The paper make a summary of current situation and progress for radiotherapy of brain glioma.

While only in minute quantities in the body, trace elements are crucial co-factors and regulators of normal metabolism.Commonly tested elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper.Imbalance or deficiencies in trace elements can cause growth retardation, malnutrition, immune malfunction and other abnormalities in children.Because these elements are in trace amounts, sensitivity and reproducibility of detection methods are of paramount importance.Different methods for the same element can yield different reference intervals, which, in order to be applied in the clinic, would have to be independently established by individual laboratories.Clearly defined indications and good quality control to ensure accuracy and sensitivity are necessary for the measurement of trace elements to provide objective reference for clinical diagnosis.

By analyzing the Military Health System winning "Heliang & Heli" Fund Award between 1994 and 2009,we found that the Military Health System possessed a good scientific basis and high level,but with an unbalanced scientific research development,which suggests the Military Health System should further strengthen its independent innovation ability.

Implementing the principle of consumer priority is necessary to solve the food safety problems.And China's food safety regulatory system revolution also provides the conditions for the implementation.Now the absence of consumer priority principle in our food safety regulatory system and mechanism results in China's food safety regulatory facing five problems, such as absence of government regulation , sector interests priority , regulatory incentives distorted, inadequate punishment on illegal behavior, low-efficiency information disclosure and lack of consumer education.Drawing on the food safety regulation experience of developed countries like U.S., EU and Japan, this paper points out that we should make con-sumer priority principle clear in food safety regulatory legally , and implement the principle of consumer priority in regulatory penalty system, information disclosure system and consumer education system to improve China's food safety regulation.

Objective To investigate the quality of life of the elderly living at a nursing home and its influencing factors.Methods One hundred and sixty elderly living at one nursing home of Shanghai completed 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey,Social Support Rate Scale,Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) to evaluate the factors that influenced the quality of life and the relationship between quality of life,social support,depression and loneliness in December of 2011.Results The mean age of the elderly was (82.0 ± 8.8).The polynary linear step-wise regression analysis showed that physical function of the elderly was mainly influenced by having children or not,frequency of physical activity and self-assessment of health condition.Role-physical,social function,vitality and role-emotional of the elderly were mainly influenced by age,frequency of physical activity and selfassessment of health condition.Bodily pain of the elderly was mainly influenced by sex and self-assessment of health condition.General health of the elderly was mainly influenced by age,frequency of physical activity,chronic diseases,and self-assessment of health condition.Mental health of the elderly was mainly influenced by age,living status,frequency of physical activity and self-assessment of health condition.Subjective support was positively related to role-emotional and mental health.However,the life quality of the elderly was positively correlated with objective support,utilization of support,total score of social support and each dimension of SF-36.The depression and loneliness of the elderly were negtively related to each dimension of SF-36.Conclusions Multiple factors may influence the quality of life of the elderly.The whole society and family members should make concern and set up better environment to for the elderly.

Objective: Our aim was to study the concentrations and regulatory characteristics of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like factor (HB-EGF) and its functional consequences in inducing the activities of hexokinases (HKs) and net Glc utilization. Methods: The SV40MES13 cell line was used as cell model for this experiment to measure the total activity of Hks by using a standard G6PDH-coupled assay. The net Glc utilization was measured indirectly as Glc disappearance from the medium using the standard Glc oxidase-coupled reaction(Trinder). Results: The HB-EGF induced HKs activity in time- and dose-dependent manners and increased the net Glc utilization by SV40MES13 cells. Conclusion: The HB-EGF plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy by inducing total HKs activity specifically and increases the net Glc utilization in mesangial cells.

Medical quality management is the core of hospital management.Concerning how to build the improving long-term mechanism of modem medical quality,the article is guided with the theory of modern medical quality management,and tested with the reform of medical quality management about one hospital.It puts forward 10 essential elements on how to construct the long-term mechanism on improving the medical quality,which is based on consulting all kinds of experts.Namely,“qualifications,responsibilities,complete path,reverence for life,reverence for integrity,reverence for rules,value on evaluation,value on case history,value on sum-up,value on teamwork”.Then it will take active effect on hospital workers and hospital managers in strengthening medical quality control,and improve the medical quality persistently.

Since the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand was found as a suitable agent for anticancer therapies,study on tumor research has been attaching more importance to it.Utilized the progress on the study of TRAIL on pancreatic carcinoma aspect recent years and standed the principle in TRAIL inducing pancreatic carcinoma apoptosis,this article first simply reviewed the resistance theory of TRAIL on pancreatic carcinoma.Following the trail of identified resistance theory,carring the method of increasing TRAIL's sensibility with protein inhibition,signal regulation,ect,some new treatments have been received,which are described along with the antitumor effect of TRAIL combined with mature treatment in pancreatic carcinoma,and simply assessed at last in the article,to provide a reference on the synergistic cytotoxic effects of TRAIL combined with valid drugs on panreatic carcinoma.

0.05).Incidence rate of leukopenia in the high dose DDP group was significantly higher than in the low dose DDP group(87.5% vs.71.6%)(P0.05).CONCLUSION:The therapeutic effects of high dose DDP and LD-DDP group were equivalent.The incidence rate of toxic effect was significantly higher in the HD-DDP group than in the LD-DDP group,but the rate of serious toxic effect in the two groups was similar.