Many studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular cognitive impairment (including vascular dementia),mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.Its pathophysiological mechanism is very complex,involving in vascular mechanisms and including non-vascular mechanisms of hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,and insulin resistance.

The most important cause of late mortality after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis ( OB) . It is clear that a good animal model is indispensable to further unravel and clarify the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ( BOS) .Many animal models have been developed to study BOS, however, so far, none of these models truly mimics the human condition.In recent years mouse models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been established, which provide potential possibilities for further studies of OB/BOS after lung transplantation.The aim of this article was to review the pros and cons of those animal models, and discuss the possible approaches to establish animal models of chronic rejec-tion after lung transplantation.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker implanted. MethodsTo retrospectively analyze 41 elderly patients( ≥80 years) with permanent pacemakers implantation. Observing the clinical symptoms, bradyarrhythmia category, pacing mode, intraoperative pacing parameters,intraoperative and postoperative complications. ResultsAll patients were operated successfully. Pacing modes were,VVI 29 cases,VVIR 2 cases,DDD 9 cases and DDDR 1 case. Ventricular electrode located in right ventricular apical pacing. Atrial electrode located right heart ear. During the operateing, severe complications did not happen such as heart perforation, malignant arrhythmia. One case of postoperative dislocation electrode and one case of pocket hematocele were observed. After treatment, they were cured, no infection and pacemaker syndrome happened. 6 patients died during follow-up, postoperative from two months to 6 years. ConclusionPacing therapy in elderly patients is good. Surgical risk was not increased.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the genistein can increase the radiosensitizing effect on laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep-2 cells.METHODS Hep-2 cells were treated with genistein, radiation, and genistein plus radiation respectively. DMSO was used as the control group. EdU assay was performed to assess the short-term effect of genistein and (or) radiation on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. Clonegenic assay was used to detect the survival rate of Hep-2 cells after treatment with radiation doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy and radiation combined with genistein. The data was fitted into the classic single-hit multi-target mathematical model to analyze the long-term effect on cell proliferation death of Hep-2 cells.RESULTSIt was observed that radiation combined with genistein could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. And the SER of 10μmol/L genistein was 1.412.CONCLUTIONGenistein can inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by DNA synthesis inhibition, and can be an adjunct agent of radiotherapy.

Objective To explore whether the 25 kD protein component was a specific decrease in skeletal muscles of the patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The muscular proteins were extracted from 21 cases of normal objects,18 cases of patients with myasthenia gravis and 20 cases of patients with other neuro-muscular disorders with Guba-Straub solution. The components of protein were analysed by SDS-PAGE in double blind. Components of glycoprotein were detected by using the ConA/HRP.Results SDS-PAGE patterns showed that the concentration of protein bands with mass of about 25 kD in the MG muscles was much lower than that of muscles in both normal and other neuro-musclular disorders. The value of density for 25 kD protein bands was 1.6?0.7 in the MG muscles,but was 3.4?1.5 and 3.7?1.5 in the muscles of normal and other neuro-musclular disorders,respectively. In addition,25 kD protein was found as a glycoprotein,but it was different from AChR in the molecular weight.Conclusion (1) It was suggested that the pathogeny or developing of MG could be associated with 25 kD protein of the skeletal muscle because of its specific decrease. (2) 25 kD protein was a glycoprotein which was unassociated with the AChR molecule.

Objective To evaluate the clinical prevention and cure efficiency of panax notoginosides(PNS) in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 60 patients with chronic renal failure were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,with 30 cases in each group by random number table.The patients in the control group underwent regular maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),while the patients in the observa-tion group were given PNS glucose injection on the base of the control group for two months treatment.Comparison was made between the two groups in the aspect of liver filament four items,renal function,blood lipids and the levels of TGF-β1 ,TIMP-1 expression for renal fibrosis.Results After two months treatment,the liver filament four items (t=3.94-5.62,all P<0.05),renal function (t=4.15,4.29,all P<0.05),blood lipids (t=3.83 -5.47,all P<0.05)and the level of TGF-β1,TIMP-1 were all significantly decreased in the observation group,while HA, blood lipids and the level of TGF-β1(t=5.19,P<0.01),TIMP-1(t=4.16,P<0.05)were also decreased in the control group.All the indexes of the observation group were much significant than those of the control group.Total effective rate of the observation group was 83.33%,which was significantly higher than 66.67% of the control group (χ2 =5.16,P<0.05).There was no adverse reaction in the observation group.Conclusion PNS could improve renal fibrosis by lowering the level of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 ,and could be used as conventional auxiliary drug for patients with chronic renal failure.

Objective To observe the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference silencing IL-1 type Ⅰ receptor on the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the role of IL-1 and MAPK in OA. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(A-D, each group: n = 10). The rats (A-C group) were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transaction and partial excision of the medial meniscus. At day 7 and 9 after operation, the rats of group A were respectively received 40 μL of lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing IL-1 type Ⅰ receptor by intra-articular injection, while the rats of group B were received lentivirus-mediated RNAi non-silencing IL-1 type Ⅰ receptor, and the rats of group C were received saline. The rats of group D were taken for normal control. All rats were sacrificed four weeks after the surgery. The knees were harvested to observe macropathologic changes of the joint cartilage. ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 proteins in the cartilage were detected by Western blot. Results Cartilage degradation in group A was milder than that in group B and C (P<0.05),but was worse compared to group D (P<0.05). Level of p38 expression in cartilage in group A was lower than that in group B and C (P<0. 05), but had no significant difference compared to group D (P>0.05). Levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 expressions in cartilage in group A were lower than that in group B and C(P<0.05),but was significantly increased compared to group D(P<0.05). Conclusions Lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing IL-1 type Ⅰ receptor can inhibit the expression of MAPK, in particular,p38 protein was strongly inhibited.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of anemia in early and middle pregnancy and to provide better medical service to pregnant women.Methods:We included in this study 556 women in early or middle pregnancy received in our hospital in 2007,detected the levels of hemoglobin and analyzed the incidence of anemia in different periods of pregnancy according to the WHO and Chinese national standard.Results:The anemia incidence was 15.83% according to the WHO standard and 1.81% according to the Chinese national standard,significantly higher in the middle period than in the early trimester of pregnancy(P

Objective To observe the effects of Yougui Pills (YP) intervention on SREBP pathway related factors of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c ( SREBP-1c) , cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) and fatty acid synthase ( FAS) protein and gene expression in kidney yang deficiency hyperlipidemia rat model. Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into normal control group, model group (in the dosage of 2.43 g/kg), and YP group. Rat model of kidney yang deficiency hyperlipidemia was induced with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone. Normal control group and model group were given normal saline, and YP group was given YP suspension intragastrically. After treatment, the hepatic pathomorphology of rats in the three groups was examined, and the contents of serum lipids were examined. Hepatic SREBP-1c, CETP and FAS protein expression was detected by Western-blotting method, and their mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Compared with the normal control group, serum triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) contents were significantly increased (P<0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and hepatic pathomorphological changes of hyperlipoidemia were obvious in the model group. Compared with the model group, TG, TC, LDL-C contents were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) , and HDL-C was significantly increased (P<0.01) in YP group. Model group had higher SREBP-1c, CETP and FAS mRNA and protein expression than the normal control group ( P<0.05) , while YP group had lower SREBP-1c, CETP and FAS mRNA and protein expression than the model group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion YP can decrease the blood lipid levels probably by down-regulating the expression levels of SREBP-1c, CETP and FAS gene and protein related to the the SREBP pathway in rats of kidney yang deficiency hyperlipidemia induced by intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone.

Objective To investigate the effect of rectal washout on prevention of local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer.Methods Relevant studies published on PubMed,Embase database and Google between January 1980 and June 2013 were identified and reviewed.A meta-analysis was performed to compute the risk ratio (RR) and evaluate the effect of rectal washout on local recurrence in patients included in the reviewed studies.Results Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis,in which a total of 427 patients underwent rectal washout and 492 did not during rectal cancer resection.The patients had an overall local recurrence (LR) rate of 6.64 ％ (61/919).Rectal washout,no matter which type of washout solution was used,significantly reduced the risks of local recurrence (3.75 ％,16/427 vs 9.15 ％,45/492,RR =0.46,95 ％ CI =0.26-0.82,P =0.008).Patients with rectal washout showed a low LR rate,when compared with those in the three subgroups who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) (5.18 ％,10/193 vs 5.32 ％,10/188).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of LR among the three subgroups (RR =0.99,95 ％ CI =0.42-2.30,P =0.98; RR =0.44,95 ％ CI =0.18-1.04,P =0.06; RR =0.46,95 ％ CI =0.20-1.04,P =0.06,respectively).Conclusions The intra-operative rectal washout largely reduces local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer.Rectal washout should be applied routinely during anterior resection.