OBJECTIVE:To study the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of salbutamol sulfate orally disinte?grating tablets.METHODS:A single dose of8mg salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablets or commercial salbutamol tablets was administered in a randomized crossover design in18volunteers and the plasma concentrations of salbutamol were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97pharmacokinetic program and the bioequiv?alency was evaluated.RESULTS:The concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted to two-compartment model.The peak plasma levels(C max )of salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet and commercial salbutamol sulfate tablet were(17.65?6.48)ng/ml and(16.60?6.21)ng/ml,respectively.The peak time(T max )were(1.92?1.18)h and(2.03?1.17)h and AUC 0～24 were(127.23?32.41)ng/(h?ml)and(131.42?37.73)ng/(h?ml),respectively.The relative bioavailability of salbu_ tamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet was(99.32?15.58)%.CONCLUSION:The results of two one-side tests suggests that salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet is bioequivalent to the commercial salbutamol tablet.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the transcription factor GATA-4 in human heart development.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GATA-4 in 45 normal human embryonic hearts of 6-23 gestational weeks.Results: In the early stage of the fetal heart morphogenesis,we observed no GATA-4 expression in the ventricle,weak expression in the atria and relatively high expression in the trabecular nets.With the heart development,the GATA-4 expression was enhanced in the atria,ventricle,trabecular nets and atrial-ventricular valves,as well as in the muscular and membranous interventricular septum,the highest in each part of the heart.Conclusion: The transcription factor GATA-4 plays an important role in human heart development.

Since 2005,guidelines for the management of adults with CAP or HAP were updated in United States,Europe and Japan,respectively.In these new CAP guidelines,severity-of-illness scores could be used to decide site of care.Routine diagnostic tests to identify an etiologic diagnosis were optional for outpatients with CAP.Empirical antibiotic therapy regimen,time to first antibiotic dose and duration of antibiotic therapy were all detailed explained.In new HAP guidelines,prevention was still emphasized.In order to prevent VAP,measures should be taken to reduce the risk of aspiration,including subglottic drainage and maintenance of stable optimal endotracheal tube cuff pressure.Cultures of lower respiratory secretions have diagnostic value for VAP.The diagnostic accuracy of blind sampling was similar to that of bronchoscopy-directed methods.Much more attention was paid on multidrug resistant bacteria infections.

The portable high frequency (HF) X-ray machine for field use is introduced in this paper, which applies HF technology and the microcomputer. Compared with the traditional one, it has many new functions such as the self-motion exposal, real-time inspection and display, the alarm of the failure and the automatic disposal. With the advanced technology, it has overcome the deficiencies of the traditional one, including the overweight, bulkiness and unportability. Equipped with the portable mobile shelf, this machine is fit for field operations.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between ischemic cerebrovascular desease(ICVD) and carotid atherosclerosis and its risk factors.Methods 186 cases with ICVD and 194 cases without cerebrovascular disease or healthy people(control group) were enrolled in this study.Carotid ultrasonagraphy was performed in the two groups and blood biochemical indexes were detected in the meanwhile.The data were compared between the two groups.Results Higher age(69?7years) and higher prevalence of hypertension(66.1%),diabets mellitus(53.4%) and metabolic syndrome(44.6%) were found in ICVD group than in control groups [(61?5)years,48.8%,15.2%,12.9%](all(P

This year an outbreak of influenza in Mexico comes from a new epidemic of influenza viruses:A/H1N1 influenza virus.This virus is a kind of virus mixture,including human,avian and swine influenza virus gene fragments.The pathogenic mechanism of avian,swine and human influenza virus in its natural host were compared.The main purpose is to assess the risk of which pigs and poultry has the possibility to become one of zoonotic disease and to assess the possible role in process of avian flu transmission from pigs to people.As zoonotic disease,avian influenza and swine influenza virus have the key role in the process of human infection.But the influenza virus spread of crossing species barrier is not sufficient to cause a large outbreak of human influenza.Animal influenza viruses must have a significant genetic variation before they could live for a long term in the crowd.

Objective To generalize widely the use of laboratory electronic order system in hospital,and rebuild and optimize laboratory workflow. Methods The workflows were confirmed by step-by-step and deployed synthetically materials preparation and staff training,which improved the system continuously during its working. Results All the concerned modules runs stably,which functions are improved greatly and the expected goals of design and application generalization are reached. Conclusion The functional applicability and manipulability of interface are in favor of generalizing the use of the health information system.

Objective: To detect the expression profile of NDRG1 gene in different tissues and cell lines and explore the relationship of NDRG 1 with liver tissue differentiation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: The expression profiles of NDRG 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, paired noncancerous liver (PNL) tissues, adult normal liver (NL) tissues, baby mouse liver tissues and fetal liver tissues in different developmental stages and cultured cell lines were performed using RT PCR and Northern Blot analysis. Results: Expression of NDRG 1 was significantly up regulated in HCC tissues compared to that of NL tissues and PNL tissues, however, the expressions of NDRG1 in NL and PNL tissues showed no evident difference. In ten cell lines, the highest expression was in the 293T human kidney cell line, the next one in liver cell L02, and the lowest one in the undifferentiated HLE cell line. Expression of NDRG1 in liver tissues enhanced with the development of the baby mouse and human fetus. Conclusion: NDRG 1 is probably related to the liver cell differentiation and is highly expressed in the specific stage of the differentiation. However, it could not be recognized as a marker of differentiation. The high expression of NDRG 1 in HCC indicates that HCC is not just distributed to a simple de differentiation. Much more study is necessary in understanding the comprehensive relationship of the disorder proliferation and differentiation of HCC and the related genes.

Objective To compare with the different effect of the plasma and serum containing Danshen Injection (DI) on the angiogenesis. Methods The DI-containing plasma and serum at different concentrations and sampled at different time were prepared. The effect of DI-containing plasma and serum on the angiogenesis of chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was observed by using CAM model. Results The proliferation of vessels in all DI-containing plasms and serum groups and DI group was obvious as compared with that in the group of the blank plasma and serum(P