PI3K/Akt pathway is a biological signal transduction pathway activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).It plays a key role in cell proliferation,cell-cycle regulation,apoptosis initiation,and angiogenesis.In addition,the PI3K/Akt pathway is closely associated with the protection mechanisms of central nervous system damage.In-depth study of PI3K/Akt,downstream molecules and their regulation mechanisms,can provide some new ideas and methods for the treatment of brain injury.

OBJECTIVETo verify the optimal cut-off points for overweight and obesity in Chinese adults based on the relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) to all-cause mortality, and incidence of cardiovascular diseases from pooled data of Chinese cohorts.

METHODSThe prospective study data of existing cohort studies in China were collected, and the age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI were estimated. The similar analysis was repeated after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and after excluding smokers. The incidence of age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke stratified by BMI were also analyzed. Multiple Cox regression coefficients of BMI for the incidence of CHD and stroke after controlling other risk factors were pooled utilizing the methods of weighting by inverse of variance to reveal whether BMI had independent effect and its strength on the incidence of CHD and stroke.

RESULTSThe data of 4 cohorts including 76,227 persons, with 745,346 person-years of follow-up were collected and analyzed. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI showed a U-shaped curve, even after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and excluding smokers. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality increased when BMI was lower than 18.5 and higher than 28. The incidence of CHD and stroke, especially ishemic stroke increased with increasing BMI, this was consistent with parallel increasing of risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for both CHD and stroke. Each amount of 2 kg/m2 increase in baseline BMI might cause 15.4%, 6.1% and 18.8% increase in relative risk of CHD, total stroke and ischemic stroke. Reduction of BMI to under 24 might prevent the incidence of CHD by 11% and that of stroke by 15% for men, and 22% of both diseases for women.

CONCLUSIONBMI < or = 18.5, 24-27.9 and > or = 28 (kg/m2) is the appropriate cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obesity in Chinese adults.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality

Objective To explore the effective method at different times of the early treatment of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy on motor dysfunction after cerebral infarction. Methods According the course of disease ,97 patients with motor dysfunction after cerebral infarction were divided into two groups:the observation group (48h after onset) and the control group(48h after stable vital signs). The two groups were given to the same acupuncture and rehabilitation treatment at 48h after onset and stable vital signs using 48h after respectively in the premise of conventional treatment. The treatment outcomes after three courses were compared,and each course was 7 ～ 10d. Results The Fugl-Meyer motor function score and FMA motor dysfunction assessed in the observation group were better than that in the control group (P <0.01, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The acupuncture and rehabilitation treatment for motor dysfunction after cerebral infarction at 48 h after onset was better than that at 48h after stable vital signs.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)will become reactive in non-active HBsAg carriers when they are in the immunosuppression status,which is often caused by cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy or immunosuppressants.Liver damage will be induced in such patients and even liver failure in some patients.Nucleoside analogues could be used in early phase as prophylaxis for reactivation of hepatitis B in immunosuppression and to improve clinical prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclopentolate cycloplegic on the refraction measurement in adult guinea pigs. Design Experimental study.Participants 24 eyes of 12(10 weeks) adult guinea pigs.Methods 12 animals were randomly examined thrice by streak retinoscopy pre and post mydriasis.1%cyclopentolate hydrochloride was topically administrated to the eye every five minutes for three times.Main Outcome Measures The eye refraction of guinea pigs included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power.Results The average refraction of guinea pigs in pre-mydriasis and post-mydriasis were 1.92?0.79 D and 2.08?0.79 D respectively. The average refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power all showed no significant difference between pre and post mydriasis.The effect of mydriasis and measure time points on the refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent scope showed no significant difference either.Conclusions The effect of 1%cyclopentolate cycloplegic on adult guinea pigs in refraction is limited.The refraction of adult guinea pig can be measured naturally without cyclopentolate cycloplegic administrated.

Objective: To study the relationship between explicit/implicit self-esteem and mental health. Methods: 49 college students (including 26 male and 23 female, mean age 22) completed Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and SCL-90. Their implicit self-esteem was measured by Implicit Association Test (IAT). Results: The results indicated a moderate to strong correlation between explicit self-esteem and mental health level. Yet the implicit indicator show insignificant influence on mental health. Conclusion: The study tends to support the hypothesis that implicit self-esteem is a independent structure from explicit self-esteem

Nitrogen mustard encapsulated with liposomes was administered to the rabbits with acute experimental serum sickness(AESS). Then the serum levels of anti-BSA antibodies and circulating; immune complex(CIC), CH50, and WBC count were determined. The ACPase activity of spleen macrophages was measured. And the sections of renal tissues, after HE-stained, were studied for the accumulation of CIC and the pathological changes. It was found that liposome-encapsulated nitrogen mustard can increase the macrophage activity and in turn aggravate the renal damages of AESS rabbits.The results suggest that the renal damages of AESS rabbits can immunopatholo-gically be attributed to the increased activity of macrophages.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Ginger combined with Rhubarb on hyperuricemia in mice. Methods The mice hyperuricemic model was made by orally administering yeast extract, The mice were randomly divided into 7 groups,includinglow,middle and high dose of Ginger combined with Rhubarb group, Rhubarb group, and allopurinol group was given corresponding drugs respectively by gavage, and the uric acid (uA), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN) level in blood and XOD activity in liver were observed for all mice in each group. Results Compared to hyperuricaemia model control group,UA level and XOD activity in liver of mice of the three doses of Ginger combined with Rhubarb groups received dose-dependent decrease. Conclusion Ginger combined with Rhubarb can reduce UA level and XOD activity in liver in hyperuricaemia mice model.