Objective To investigate the characteristics and the operative treatment effect of pelvic fractures complicated with lumbosacral plexus compression injury. Methods From January 2000 to January 2009, 19 patients (13 males, 6 females; mean age 34.7 years) of pelvic fractures complicated with lum-bosaeral plexus compression injury were treated by surgical fixation and neural decompression. The diagnosis of nerve compression were determined by analyzing the clinical manifestation and X-ray and CT imaging findings. The injured nerve were decompressed directly by remove the fracture fragments or callus which compressed the lumbersacralis plexus nerve. Eight cases of nerve decompression were through posterior ap-proach, six through anterior approach, and five through combined approach. Sixteen cases of unstable pelvis fractures were treated by open reducton and internal fixation. Results Seventeen patients were followed up. The mean follow-up time was 27 months (12-72 months). The fractures were clinically healed at 10.6 (8-14) weeks. Regarding the Neural Function of the lower extremity, 12 cases had achieved full recovery, 4 cases had recovered partly, 1 case had no change. Four of the six patients who have bladder and bowel dysfunc-tion had fully recovered while the other two patients still have urinary dysfunction. Conclusion Early and accurate diagnosis of the lumbosacral plexus compression injury accompanied with pelvic fractures were very important. It was key to better outcomes that early decompression the lumbosacral plexus and surgical fixa-tion the pelvis fractures are carried out after injury.

Objective To explore the efficacy of double fork plate in treating the posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum.Methods Reviewed 11 patients who had treated with open reduction and internal fixation with double fork plates for posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum from July 2008 to July 2012,including 8 male cases and 3 female cases with an average age of 35.3 years(from 22 to 53 years).The average time from getting injury to operation was 7.8 days(from 1 to 19 days).The operations were performed through the Kocher-langenbeck approach.Double fork plates(formed from a three-or four-tubular plate) with an overlapping reconstruction plate used for posterior wall fragments.The functional outcomes were evaluated by the modified Merled'Aubigne and Postel'clinical garding system.The radiographs were graded according to the Matte criteria.Rmults The patients were adopted telephone or outpatient follow-up for 25 months on average(from 12 to 33 months).By the Matte criteria,7 cases achieved excellent reduction,3 good reduction,1 case fair reduction and none poor reduction,with the good and excellent rate of 90.9％.By the modified Merled'Aubigne and Postel'critria,functional recovery of the affected hip at the last followe-up was rated as excellent in 6 cases,good in 3 cases,fair in 2 cases and none poor,with the good and excellent rate of 81.8％.Heterotopic ossification was happened to 1 patient.Neither infection nor ischemic necrosis of the femoral head was recorded.Coclusion Double fork plates with an overlapping reconstruction plate can provid stable fixation and allow for early functional exercise.So the use of Double fork plates have a certain clinical value.

Objective To observe the effect of ammonia silver nitrate on early caries.Methods 100 cases of children with early caries treated in our hospital from April 2015 to December 2016 were admitted to conduct research and analysis.The children were divided into the control group and the observation group by double blind,and random method 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with caries removal,the observation group was treated with carious worn out joint ammonia silver nitrate.After treatment, the two groups of children suffering from dental pulp tissue TNF-a, IL-8 concentration, the recurrence rate, filling rate falling, the rate of suffering from pulpitis, pain conditions were analyzed.Results After treatment, the observation group with TNF-α, IL-8 concentrations were lower than the control group(t=21.961,t=23.836), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);The recurrence rate, suffering from pulpitis rate was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the observation group after treatment in children with severe pain and painless was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Ammonia silver nitrate is an effective and safe treatment for early caries, which can relieve the pain and discomfort in children, it is a safe and effective method of treatment and should be promoted and used in the clinic practice.

Objective To study the genetic basis for biovar conversion of Y. pestis. Methods In silico comparative genomic analysis was conducted and some critical genetic variations of Yersinia pestis were comparatively analyzed by means of PCR and DNA sequencing. Results A 93bp in-frame deletion in glpD gene results in the glycerol negative characteristic of Orientalis strains. A point mutation in the napA gene may cause the negative characteristic of nitrate reduction in Mediaevalis and Microus strains. A 122-bp frameshift deletion in the araC gene may lead to the arabinose negative phenotype of Microus strains. Conclusion In this study, Microtus strains with their unique pathogenic, biochemical and molecular features, were proposed as a novel biovar Microtus. In the light of its differential ability to ferment glycerol and arabinose and to reduce nitrate, Y. pestis can be classified into four biovars-Antiqua(glycerol positive, arabinose positive and nitrate positive), Mediaevalis(glycerol positive, arabinose positive and nitrate negative), Orientalis(glycerol negative, arabinose positive and nitrate positive), and Microtus(glycerol positive, arabinose negative and nitrate negative).

Objective To study the genome dynamics of Y. pestis and look for the relationship between its genome microevolution and niche adaption.Methods The DNA microarray combined with PCR was used to perform comparative genomic analysis of natural populations of Y.pestis.Results It was revealed that considerable genome dynamics of Y. pestis were the result of gene acquisition and loss in genome. We established a genomotyping system to group homologous isolates of Y. pestis, drew an outline of parallel microevolution of the Y. pestis genome, and established the link between the bacterial niche adaptation and genome microevolution.Conclusion The transmission, colonization and expansion of Y. pestis in natural foci are the results of its parallel, directional and gradual adaptation to the complex interactions among the environment, the hosts, and the pathogen itself.

Objective To develop a whole-genome DNA microarray based on the genomic sequences of Y. pestis CO92 and 91001 and its use in comparative genomic analysis. Methods A total number of 4 005 genes of Y. pestis were amplified by PCR and printed onto glass slides in duplicate. Fluorescently labeled probes were prepared by marking genomic DNAs with random hexamers and Klenow. Labeled DNAs were hybridized with the microarrays by the method of two-fluorescence comparative hybridization. Three sets of two-fluorescence hybridizations were performed to examine the absence/presence of each gene. Results The results agreed with those derived from the in silico genomic comparison. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the microarry can be a useful tool for comparative genomic analysis of Y. pestis.

Objective To identify and compare the genome differences among live plague vaccines prepared with different strains of the bacillus. Methods The whole-genome DNA microarray of Yersinia pestis was used as a tool to perform genomic comparison among live plague vaccines prepared with 19 different strains. Results Dozens of deletions and/or increased copies of the genomic fragments were identified in the studied vaccines of different strains. Conclusion The revealed genomic differences among the vaccines from different origins account for the variability of the immunogenic and protective potency of live plague vaccines. The whole-genome DNA microarray was also provesd to be an ideal tool for the pre-evaluation of a vaccine strain.

Objective To identify the DNA tag sequences with the purpose of rapid and specific characterization of Y. pestis. Methods DNA microarray hybridization combined with PCR was used to perform genomic comparison between strains of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis in order to screen and identify Y. pestis-specific genes. Results Twenty eight signature genes of Y. pestis were discovered. Three pairs of Y. pestis-specific primers were designed according to tag genes and proved to amplify the specific sequences of the target bacterium, showing no cross-reaction with the closely related Y. pseudotuberculosis and a large collection of genomic DNAs from other organisms. Conclusion DNA tag sequence is an ideal target for the rapid detection and identification of Y. pestis by PCR method.

Objective To study genetic variations of pgm locus and its flanking regions in Yersinia pestis isolated from Chinese natural focus so as to understand differences in virulence between different strains and to improve the prevention of plague. Methods We analysed the sequence variations of pgm locus and its flanking regions by using PCR-sequencing and allele-specific PCR among 260 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different foci and 7 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Results For YP1666, only the strains of Xilin Gol grassland type and Microtus fuscus type had intact transmembrane helix, and the T-deletion at base 1406 was unique in strains of Orientalis. Same as Y. pseudotuberculosis, there was no IS100-insertion at the 3′ end of pgm locus of strains from Eastern section of North Tianshan Mountain type, Western section of North Tianshan Mountain type A and B, Xilin Gol grassland type and M. fuscus type. Only the strains of Xilin Gol grassland type and M. fuscus type had IS285-insertion in pigmentation segment and IS100-insertion at its downstream flanking region. pgm locus was deleted entirely from 36 strains, most of which came from Ordos plateau type, Song-liao plain type B , Kunlun Mountain type A and B. Conclusion Strains of Eastern section of North Tianshan Mountain type, Western section of North Tianshan Mountain type A and B, Xilin Gol grassland type and M. fuscus type are the oldest lineage of Chinese isolates. The pgm locus of the strains of these three types is very stable because there is no IS100-insertion at its 3′ terminal. We suggest that the strains of Xilin Gol grassland type and M. fuscus type should be grouped into a fourth biovar: Microtus. pgm locus is highly conserved among strains of different ecotypes, and its variations are well correlated with biovar, focus and ecotype, which indicates that pgm locus has played a role in strains′ adaptation to their environment.

0.05). Conclusion The recombinant plasmid containing hBMP- 2 cDNA can be transfected and expressed effectively in rabbit MSCs