Objective To explore the expressions of ER,PR,C-erbB-2,E-Cad,p53 and Ki-67 in breast cancer and their relationship with clinicopathology.Methods The expressions of ER,PR,C-erbB-2,E-Cad,p53 and Ki-67 proteins were detected in 80 cases of patients with breast cancer using immunohistochemical Streptavidin-Perosidase(SP) method,and were analyzed with clinical and medical records.Results The positive expression rates of ER,PR,C-erbB-2,E-Cad,p53 and Ki-67 in breast cancer were 60.0％,57.5％,45.0％,80.0％,48.8％ and 82.5％,respectively.In addition to C-erbB-2 which had correlation with lymph node metastasis,other five indicators showed no significant correlations with patient age,lymph node metastasis,tumor size and pathological grade.Conclusion There is a certain correlation in the expressions of ER,PR,C-erbB-2,E-Cad,p53 and Ki-67 in breast cancer.Combined detection is valuable in the treatment and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer.

Preventive medicine is a highly practical vocation; the students majoring in this major should be trained with abilities of active learning and flexible applying.Nowadays,the main teaching methods in many colleges and universities were assigning homework,communicating on the internet and posing questions in the class,which were only taught by the teacher.The promotion model may promote the knowledge application for the students,with the heuristic teaching in the class based on the virtual or scenic status,practice in scientific research,social service and experiments in the real sites.Through promotion model,students can combine the theoretical knowledge with the reality,learn creatively and apply the knowledge flexibly.

Objective To detect the expression of aromatase P450 and estrogen receptor (ER) in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and their correlation with endometriosis. Methods Forty patients who had undergone operation because of endometriosis (all were stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ according to the revised American Fertility Society classification) were enrolled and 83 tissue specimens from different locations of disease foci were obtained and divided into five groups according to the location: group Ⅰ, eutopic endometrium of 25 cases; Group Ⅱ, ovarian endometriosis tissues of 23 cases; Group Ⅲ, vagina-rectum endometriosis tissues of 11 cases; Group Ⅳ, peritoneum endometriosis tissues of eight cases; and group V, uterine serosa endometriosis tissues of 16 cases. Control group consisted of normal endometrium taken from 20 fertile women who had endometrial curettage before placement of intrauterine device. The routine two-step immunohistochemical technique was used to measure the expression of aromatase P450 and ER in endometrial cells. Results Expressions of aromatase P450 and ER in group Ⅰ [histochemistry score (H-score), 2.6?1.0, 3.8?0.5] were significantly higher than those in control group (both P

Objective To investigate the expression of low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2)and protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) in gestational trophoblastic disease and elucidate their predictive value in malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Methods The expressions of LMP2 and PPM1A protein in 196 complete hydatidiform moles (in which 28 cases with malignant transformation) , 7 invasive moles, 5 choriocarcinomas and 20 normal chorionic villus were detected with the method of En Vision immunohistochemistry. Their clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed. Results LMP2 and PPM1A protein expressed in cytotrophocytes, syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast. The level of LMP2 expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole or normal chorionic villus (6. 79 ±2. 38, 5.26 ±2.63 and 3. 10 ±1.65, all P <0. 01),while there were no difference compared with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 42 ±2. 68, P=0. 113).The level of PPM1A expression was highest in normal chorionic villus, and decreased gradually in hydatidiform mole (non-deteriorative and deteriorative) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 30 ±2. 98, 4. 93 ± 2. 50, 4. 43 ± 2. 04 and 3. 33 ± 2. 06, all P < 0. 01); the level of PPM1A expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly lower than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole (P=0.001). The expression of LMP2 protein was correlated to theca lutein ovarian cyst, the expression of PPM1A protein was related with uterine size (P < 0. 05) . While, there was no correlation between the expressions of the two proteins (P >0. 05). Conclusions High expression of LMP2 and low expression of PPM1A might play an important role in the motility and invasiveness of trophohlast cells and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Testing the expression of LMP2 and PPM1A in hydatidiform mole tissues of initial uterine evacuation might be have some reference significance in judging outcomes of hydatidiform mole.

Objective To investigate MRI signal features and MRI appearances of patients with advanced stage in polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection for facial plasty.Methods In this study,MRI of 11 cases with 23 polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection of facial plasty for 6 to 10 years were retrospectively reviewed.All images were acquired with GE 3.0T MR imaging unit.MR sequences,including FSE T1WI,FSE FS T2WI,and STIR were applied with 8-channel brain coil.MRIs sliced through the maxillofacial region in the transverse,coronal and sagittal planes.Results In 11 cases of 23 polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection,there were different degrees of capsule rupture and induration in 6 polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection,and the images showed sporadic callosities such as subcutaneous nodules and nodules in glands or muscles ; hydrogel migration in 8 polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection.Secondary deformity occured in 80 ％ cases,in which the most cases were induced by hydrogel migration.Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging can make clear of the type of rupture and the distribution leakage of polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel for facial plasty and it is an ideal approach for advanced patients with polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel injection for follow-up.

Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-8(AQP8)and apoptosis associated bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma and their relationship.Methods The expression of AOP8 and bcl-2 protein in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma (46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,28 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix),34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and 15 cases of normal cervices were detected by immunohistochemical technique,and their clinical significance were analyzed.Results The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein were detected in intracytoplasm of atypia cells in CIN.squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.The positive rates of AQP8 and bcl-2 in squamous-cell carcinoma.adenocarcinoma,CIN and normal cervical epithelium were 98%,74%;61%,71%;71%,53%;53%,20%respectively.There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and other groups in AQP8(P＜0.01),but no significant differences were found in any other groups.There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and CIN or normal cervical epithelium in bcl-2.so were between adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.The expression of AQP8 was positively correlated with bcl-2 in human cervical carcinoma(rs=0.463,P=0.000).Conclusions There is a close relationship between high expression of AQP8 and development of human cervical carcinoma.The expression of AQP8 protein is positively correlated with bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma. AQP8 protein may have anti-apoptosis function.although the detailed mechanism in human cervical carcinoma remaias to be clarified.

Objective To identify the expressions and distributions of aquaporin-1(AQP 1) and microvessel density(MVD) in human cervical carcinomas and their relationship,and investigate the roles of AQP1 and MVD in human cervical carcinomas. Methods The expressions of AQP1 and MVD in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma(46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,28 cases of in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix),in 34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and in 15 cases of normal cervices by immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of AQP1 was found in vascular endothelial cell of CIN,squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix,with the largest amount in adenocarcinoma and a same amount in CIN and squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.There was distinct difference in the intensities of squamous-cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and control groups.The expression rates of MVD gradually increased with the progress of cervical lesion.There were significant differences between the above 4 groups for MVD(P

Objective To investigate the association between distribution of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-immunoactive nerve fibers in peritoneal endometriotic lesions and disease-associated pain symptoms.Methods Thirty two peritoneal endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis (16 cases with pain and 16 cases without pain) and matched with 20 peritoneal tissues from patients with uterine leiomyoma without endometriosis were stained immunohistochemically for PGPg.5-immunoactive nerve fibers.Results The positive rate and density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal endometriotic leision were 62% (10/16) and (3.8 ± 1.7)/mm~2 in endometriosis patients with pain, which were significantly higher than 19% (3/16) and (1.7 ± 0.5)/mm~2 in endometriosis patients without pain (P <0.05) and 25% (5/20) and (1.3±0.6) /mm~2 in peritoneal tissues in women without endometriosis (P <0.05).However, no differences were found between endometriosis patients without pain and women without endometriosis (P > 0.05) .Moreover, the density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal lesions in endometriosis patients with pain was positively correlated with the severity of pain (r = 0.855, P < 0.05).In addition, the density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal lesions was statistically higher in endometriosis patients with chronic pelvic pain and(or) dysmenorrhea than those in endometriosis patients with other type of pain(P < 0.05), which was not associated with active lesion, site and staging (P > 0.05).Conclusion It suggested that PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers might confer the mechanism of pelvic pain with endometriosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (TIC) of the fimbria and pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma.Methods All 34 cases of pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma with clear fimbria were evaluated from January 2009 to June 2010,including ovarian carcinoma (n=26),tubal carcinoma (n=7) and peritoneal carcinoma (n=1).Among of these ovarian carcinomas,12 cases were surface deposits and the other 14 cases within ovarian parenchyma.All 42 cases of non highgrade serous carcinoma in this period including 13 endometrioid ovary carcinomas,11 clear cell ovary carcinomas,11 mucinous ovary carcinomas,6 low-grade serous ovary carcinomas,1 low-grade serous tubal carcinoma,were also collected as a reference.The presence of tubal intraepithelial carcinomas was assessed.Based on the presence of TIC,high-grade serous ovary carcinomas were divided into TIC positive (+) and TIC negative (-) groups,and the clinical and pathological features of them were also evaluated.Results Fifteen cases (44％) were identified TIC in 34 high-grade pelvic serous carcinomas,and all of them were in the fimbria only,while none of TIC was found in control cases.There were significant difference between the two groups (x2=23.086,P=0.000).Eleven cases(42％) were identified TIC in all 26 high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas,in which 8 cases with unilateral ovary carcinomas were associated with ipsilateral TIC,2 cases with bilateral ovary carcinomas associated with unilateral TIC and one case with bilateral ovary carcinoma was associated with bilateral TIC.Four TIC (4/7) were identified in 7 cases with high-grade tubal serous carcinomas,and there was no presence of TIC in the 1 high-grade serous peritoneal carcinoma.Of all 26 high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas,6/11 cases were surface deposits,and 5/11 were parenchyma tumors in TIC (+) group while 6/15 cases were surface deposits and 9/15 were parenchyma tumors in TIC (-) group,in which there were correlated in distribution of TIC between the two groups( P＞0.05 ).The average diameter of ovarian cancer were 6.9 and 6.5 cm between the two groups with no significant differences ( t=0.409,P=0.690).Conclusion TIC is specific to high-grade serous carcinomas and maybe have something to do with the pathogenesis of pelvic serous carcinomas.

Objective To investigate nerve fibers distribution in endometrium of adenomyosis and their relationship with dysmenorrhea. Methods Endometrial tissue was sampled from 74 hysterectomy specimens including 32 cases with adenomyosis and 42 cases with uterine fibroids. Two-step Envision immunohistochemical staining was used to detect distribution of nerve fibers in endometrium. Highly specific polyclonal rabbit anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and monoclonal mouse anti-neurofilament protein (NF) were used to demonstrate both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in endometrium in women with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Results The positive rate of PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium of pain patients were with 64%(14/22) in adenomyosis and 67% (10/15) in uterine fibroids. And their density were 0.6(0-9.4)/mm2 and 0.6(0-6.0)/mm2 without reaching statistical difference (P> 0.05). No expression of NF could be detected in the functional layer of endometrium of adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. There were no PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium in non-pain women with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Moreover, No NF immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium were shown in non-pain patients with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers and the nerve density in the basal layer of endometrium were 64%(14/22), 1.1(0-12.0)/mm2 in pain adenomyosis and 50%(5/10), 0.6(0-3.0)/mm2 in non-pain adenomyosis. NF immunoreactive nerve fibers and the density in the basal layer of endometrium were 23%(5/22),(0-0.6)/mm2 in pain adenomyosis and 20% (2/10),(0-1.0)/mm2 in non-pain adenomyosis. PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve non-pain fibroids. NF immunoreactive nerve fibers and the nerve density in the basal layer of endometrium were 40%(6/15),0(0-0.4)/mm2 in pain fibroids and 15%(4/27),0(0-1.0)/mm2 in non-pain fibroids. There was no statistical different PGP9.5 and NF immunoreactive nerve fibers distribution in basal layer of endometrium between pain adenomyosis and pain fibroids or between non-pain adenomyosis and non-pain fibroids (all P>0.05). However, PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers density in basal layer of endometrium was higher in pain adenomyosis and fibroids when compared with non-pain adenomyosis and fibroids(P<0.05). Conclusions PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers might confer the occurrence of pelvic pain, however, NF immunoreactive nerve fibers may not involved in the pathogenesis of pain.