The importance of intracellular calcium ion in macrophage (M?) activation for tumor tcytolysis (MMTC) was investigated by using calcium channel blockers, nifedipine verapamil and intracellular calcium ion antagonists. nicardipine and ruthenium red. Nifedipine or verapamil did not suppress but significantly enhance M? activation by macrophageactivating factor (MAF) . However, nicardipine and ruthenium red bothinhibited M? activation by MAF and calcium ionophore A 23187. Activation of M? by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was Likewise inhibited. These results suggest that extracellular catcium may not be involved in M? activation by MAF and M? activation by MAF, A23187, or LPS is intracellular calcium (?)on dependent.

Effects of the activiating and stimulating signals on the production of TNF-like cytotoxic factor (s) [Macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor(s), M?-CF] were investigated. Although activiating signals (Calcium ionophore A23187 and Macrophage-activiating factor, MAF) did not induce the production of M?-CF by themselves, they were significantly synergistic in the production of M?-CF induced by stimulators. Upon exposing to Iipopolysaccharide (LPS) M?-CF appeared in culture supernatant within 2 hrs, reached a peak after about 8 hrs and then declined gradually. In addition to LPS, opsonized zymasan A and several tumor cell lines also induced M?-CF production. whereas latex beads and normal allogenic spleen lymphocytes had no effect on the production. Finally the stimulating role of LPS, zymosan A and tumor ceils could not be mimicked by protein kinase C (PKc) activiators (phorbol myristate acetate, PMA and calcium ionophore A23187). These results suggested that the induction of M?-CF production be stimulus-specific and PKc-independent.

To study the dynamics of venous plasma level of prostaglandin E_2 (PGE_2),and the relationship between PGE_2 level and immunity during and after CPB, 30 patients scheduled for open heart surgery served as the subjects. The peripheral venous blood samples were taken to measure plasma PGE_2 concentration,the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) on the lymphocyte membrane,and productive ability of interleukin-2 (IL-2),before and during CPB,on 1st ,7th and 14th day postoperatively,respectively. During CPB the PGE_2 level significantly ascended to the highest level,following cessation of CPB,went down but still remained higher level than baseline,even on 1st and 7th day postoperatively; Simultaneously, IL-2R expression and IL-2 generation were markedly suppressed, which were correlated negatively with the PGE_2 levels. It is suggested that cellular immunodepression induced by CPB,is partly related to the increase of plasma PGE_2, level.

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) is an optical phenomenon arises from mass changes on sensors based on in-teraction between substances ,which could monitor the interaction between biomolecules quickly and accurately .It has the ad-vantage of label-free ,high specificity ,high accuracy ,real-time and on-line monitoring ,which has attracted comprehensive at-tention in recent years .SPR biosensors could be applied in drug discovery ,clinical diagnosis ,food safety ,environment monito-ring and proteomics .In this manuscript ,the application of SPR biosensors in food safety ,environment monitor and biomedical analysis have been reviewed ,which could provide reference to related research .