Objective To assess effects of cerebral ischemic postconditioning(IPost)on neuronal apoptosis and phosphated glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion.Methods The experiment was conducted at the center for animal experiment of Renmin Hospital,Wuhan University.Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation(S),ischemic/reperfusion(I/R)and ischemic postconditioning(IPost).Each group contained ten rats.Global brain ischemia was produced with four-VO method.Animals were killed after two days.Apoptosis in neurons in the cortex region were detected by TUNEL assay; infarct areas were detected by TTC ; activity of p-GSK-3β was detected by spectrum assay; Statistical software SPSS13.0 was applicated to perform one-way ANOVA Student-Newman-Keul test; correlation was detected by linear regression.Results Compared with group S,TUNEL-positive cells and infarct areas increased(P ＜0.01),the activity of p-GSK-3β decreased in I/R and IPost groups(P ＜ 0.01).Compared with group I/R,TUNEL-positive cells and infarct areas significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.01),the activity of p-GSK-3β increased in group IPost(P ＜ 0.01).The activity of p-GSK-3β and TUNEL-positive cells had highly correlation,so as infarct areas(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions IPost can lessen the ischemic/reperfusion injury of Cortex,through increas the activity of p-GSK-3[β and decreasing neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To compare the changes of serum levels of heme oxygenase‐1(HO‐1) ,C‐reactive protein(CRP) and Chitinase‐3‐1ike protein 1(YKL‐40) in patients with rectal cancer after laparoscopic‐assisted radical operation versus open radical surgery .Methods According the integration and elimination standard ,60 cases of patients with rectal cancer were selected and di‐vided into laparoscopic group (30 cases) and open group (30 cases) ,the concentrations of HO‐1 ,YKL‐40 and CRP in peripheral blood of patients were detected on the first and third postoperative day and preoperative day(P<0 .05) ,and were compared between the two groups .Results The serum levels of HO‐1 ,YKL‐40 and CRP in the laparoscopic group were significantly lower than those in the open group on the first and third postoperative day(P<0 .05) .The serum levels of HO‐1 ,YKL‐40 and CRP were significant‐ly increased after surgery ,and serum levels of HO‐1 and CRP on third postoperative day were significantly increased compared with that on the first postoperative day in the two groups after surgery ,while serum level of YKL‐40 on the third postoperative day was significantly lower than that on the first postoperative day in the two groups after surgery .Conclusion The stress reaction is com‐paratively mild in patients with rectal cancer after laparoscopic assisted radical operation ,and the postoperative period may be shor‐ter in patients treated with laparoscopic assisted radical operation than those treated with open radical surgery .

Objectives To compare the efficiency and clearance of single dose low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) as anticoagulant in hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis.Methods Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study.A single injection of LMWH(Nadroparin calcium 7500ICUAXa) was given before hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis respectively.The anti-factor-Xa activity and the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) in plasma were assayed during the treatment,and the dialyzer coagulation was observed.The changes of urea and serum creatinine were measured before and after the treatment.Results The anti-factor-Xa activity of LMWH during hemodiafiltration was lower than that during hemodialysis.However,there was no significant difference in APTT between the two groups.Conclusions A single bolus injection of Nadroparin provides a simple and effective anticoagulation regimen for hemodiafiltration lasting up to four hours.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats.Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 60 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16.7 mmol/L.Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-280 g,in which diabetes mellitus was successfully induced,were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:group sham operation (group S),group I/R and group ischemic postconditioning (group P).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in I/R and P groups.Group P received 3 cycles of 10 s reperfusion followed by 10 s ischemia at the end of myocardial ischemia.The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion and the brains were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8,IL-10,glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and phosphorylated GSK-3β (pGSK-3β) (by immuno-histochemistry).Apoptotic index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,apoptotic index was significantly increased,IL-6 and IL-8 expression was up-regulated,and IL-10 and pGSK-3β expression was downregulated in I/R and P groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with group I/R,apoptotic index was significantly decreased,IL-6 and IL-8 expression was down-regulated,and IL-10 and pGSK-3β expression was up-regulated in group P (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in GSK-3β expression among the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in group P as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate brain injury induced by myocardial I/R in diabetic rats,and inhition of activity of GSK-3β may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To compare the roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signal pathway in acute lung injury (ALl) induced by blunt chest trauma and by blunt chest trauma-hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 240-280 g,were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),blunt chest trauma group (T group),and blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation group (group THSR).Lung contusion was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs.Blood was withdrawn via the femoral artery 5 min later until MAP was decreased to 35-45 mmHg within 15 min and maintained at this level for 60 min,followed by resuscitation.At 6 h after the model was established,the arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis and detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in serum.Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated.The rats were then sacrificed and pulmonary specimens were obtained for determination of TLR4 expression and NF-κB ac tivity (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly decreased,PaCO2 and TNF-α concentrations in serum were increased,TLR4 expression was up-regulated,and NF-κB activity was enhanced in T and THSR groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group T,PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly decreased,PaCO2 and TNF-α concentrations in serum were increased,TLR4 expression was up-regulated,and NF-κcB activity was enhanced in THSR group (P ＜ 0.05).The histopathological damage to lung tissues was aggravated in THSR group as compared with T group.Conclusion The role of TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway in ALI induced by blunt chest traumahemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) is significantly stronger than that in ALI induced by blunt chest trauma alone in rats.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of DJ-1 protein during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-280 g,were used in this study.Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 65 mg/kg and confirmed by fasting blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L.Forty animals with type 1 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 3 groups:diabetes group (group D,n =10),diabetic sham operation group (group DS,n =15) and diabetic I/R group (group DIR,n =15).Another 10 non-diabetic rats in which citrate buffer 6 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally were served as control group (group C).Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in group I/R.At 120 min of reperfusion,5 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were c(on)tained for determination of infarct size in groups DS and DIR,and 10 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and for determination of cell apoptosis,malondialdehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression of DJ-1 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein.Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.Linear correlation between the expression of DJ-1 protein and MDA content,SOD activity,AI and expression of PTEN protein was analyzed.Results Compared with group DS,the myocardial infract size was significantly increased in group DIR (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,MDA content and AI were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of DJ-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of PTEN protein was up-regulated in groups D,DS and DIR (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups D and DS,MDA content and AI were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of DJ-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of PTEN protein was up-regulated in group DIR (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between groups D and DS (P ＞ 0.05).There was linear correlation between the expression of DJ-1 protein and MDA content,SOD activity,AI and expression of PTEN protein and the correlation coefficients (r) were-0.734,0.593,-0.818,and-0.812 in turn.Conclusion Down-regulation of DJ-1 protein expression is involved in myocardial I/R injury in diabetic rats via decreasing anti-oxidative stress responses and upregulating PTEN protein expression.

Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy and spinal neurotoxicity of intrathecal (IT) different doses of dexmedetomidine in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each): groupnormal control (group C); group IT normal saline (group N); different doses of dexmedetomidine groups received IT dexmedetomidine 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 μg/kg respectively (groups D1.3). Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT)with yon Frey filaments and tail flick latency (TFL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured before (To, baseline) and at 30 or60 rin after IT dexmedetomidine or normal saline administration (T1, T2 ) and the percentage of the maximum possible effect ( MPE ) was calculated. Lumbar segment of the spinal cord ( L4-6 ) was removed for microscopic examination and determination of c-Fos expression (by immuno-histochemistry) at 7, 24 and 48 h after IT dexmedetomidine or normal saline administration. Results PWMT, TFL and the percentage of MPE were significantly increased after IT dexmedetomidine as compared with the baseline values at T0 in groups D1-3 ( P ＜ 0.05). PWMT was significantly higher at T1 and TFL and the percentage of MPE were higher at T2 in groups D1-3 than in groups C and N,and in group D3 than in groups D1,2 ( P ＜ 0.05). At 7,24 h after IT dexmedetomidine c-Fos protein expression was significantly higher in group D3 than in groups C and N( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in c-Fos expression at 48 h after IT dexmedetomidine between group D3 and groups C and N ( P ＞ 0.05 ). At 24 h after IT dexmedetomidine c-Fos protein expression was significantly higher in group D3 than in other 4 groups( P ＜ 0.05). Slight spinal cord injury was observed at 24 h after IT dexmedetomidine in group D3. Conclusion IT dexmedetomidine has antinociceptive effect. High dose dexmedetomidine IT can produce transient reversible toxicity to the spinal cord.

Objective To observe the effects of exogenous sodium phosphocreatine (PCr) on cerebral repeffusion injury of rats after ischemia in order to explore the potential mechanism. Method Thirty-six healthy adult male Wistar rats with body weight 200- 220 g were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group, ischemic reperfusion (I/R) group and PCr treatment group. The I/R model was established by using electro-cauterizing bilateral vertebral arteries and occluding bilateral common carotid arteries with atraumatic carotid clasps for 10 min, and then the clasps were released for 48 hours reperfusion. In sham operation group, bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed without occlusion. In PCr treatnent group, PCr in dose of 150 mg/kg was administered intravenously 60 min before the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries. Normal saline was administered intravenously instead of PCr into rats of I/R group. After reporfusion for 48 hours, the rats were sacrificed and brains removed for detections of neuron apoptosis by using TUNEL, malondialdebyde (MDA) level by using chromtometry and calmodulin (CaM) activity by using ELISA. Results Compared with sham operation group, TUNEL-positive cells, MDA level and CaM activity increased in I/R group and PGr treatment group ( P ＜0.01). Compared with I/R group, TUNEL-positive cells, MDA level and CaM activity were lower significantly in PCr treatment group ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions PCr can lessen cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury and neuron apoptosis, the mechanism maybe relates to the attenuation of abnormalities in calcium balance and reduction of oxygen free radicals by PCr.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of post-conditioning in brain injury induced by myocardial I/R on inflammatory factor and GFAP.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=8):group Sham,group IR,group IPost.Myocardial IR was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min.group IPost received 3 cycles of 10 s reperfusion followed by 10 s ischemia at the end of myocardial ischemia.The rats were sacrificed at 120 rain of reperfusion and the brains were removed for microscopic examination,inflammatory factors and GFAP.Results:Compared with group Sham,IL-6,IL-8 were significantly increased,IL-10 was down-regulated in group IR(P＜0.01).Post-conditioning can decrease IL-6,IL-8 and up-regulated IL-10(P＜0.01).When compared with group Sham,the expression of GFAP was higher in group IR(P＜0.05),however,the GFAP in group IPost is the most among these three groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Post-conditioning could protect brain by decreasing inflammatory factors,increasing GFAP,which both from brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion.

Objective To explore the value of three antibodies in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma ,by de‐tecting the expression of HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 in papillary thyroid cacinoma ,thyroid follicular adenoma and Hashimoto′s thy‐roiditis tissues .Methods Totally 85 cases were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 ,including papillary thyroid cacino‐ma ,thyroid follicular adenoma and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis .They were immunohistochemical stained by HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 .SPSS16 .0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the staining results with different pathological changes . Results The positive rates of HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 were 87 .3% ,98 .2% ,and 7 .3% ,respectively .The positive expression of them in benign and malignant groups had significant difference (P< 0 .05) and their consistency checking Kappa were 0 .582 , 0 .551 ,and 0 .874 ,respectively .Conclusion In the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign lesions ,CD117 is better than HBM E‐1 and CK19 .It′s possible to use a combination of them in practice .