Objective To study the effect of different grading glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) on carotid artery endothelial cells in diabetic patients.Methods A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into 4 groups according to the different levels of HbA1c:6％ ≤HbA1c ＜ 7％ as group 1 (30 cases),7％ ≤HbA1c ＜ 8％ as group 2(31 cases),8％ ≤HbA1c ＜ 9％ as group 3(29 cases) and HbA1c ≥ 9％ as group 4 (30 cases).The indicators of endothelial function and carotid ultrasonography were detected and recorded.Results There was significant difference in endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) among 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).When compared between 2 groups,ET-1 and NO in group 4 was the highest [(89.3 ± 19.2) ng/L,(59.5 ± 9.3) μ mol/L],next was group 3 [(85.9 ± 16.4) ng/L,(56.4 ± 8.9)μ mol/L] and group 2[(83.4 ± 17.3) ng/L,(52.3 ± 8.3) μ mol/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).There was significant difference in carotid intima-mild thickness (IMT) among 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).When compared between two groups,IMT in group 4 was the biggest [(2.90 ± 0.62) mm],next was group 3 [(2.40 ± 0.73)mm] and group 2[(1.90 ± 0.42) mm],and there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in the incidence of carotid plaque among 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).When compared between 2 groups,the incidence of carotid plaque in group 4 was the highest [93.3％(28/30)],next was group 3 [79.3％(23/29)]and group 2 [61.3％ (19/31)],and there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in the type of carotid plaque among 4 groups (2 =51.10,P ＜ 0.01).HbA1c was correlated with the type of carotid plaque (r =0.56,P ＜0.01).Conclusion For patients with type 2 diabetes,there is a strong link between plaque,HbA1c level and carotid artery endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the blood coagulation function changes and intervention effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.Methods One hundred patients with impaired glucose tolerance and 50 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited.The patients with impaired glucose tolerance were divided into test group 1 and test group 2 by random digits table method.The patients in test group 2 were given metformin and the patients in test group 1 were given the same dosage of placebo.The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (Fib) level were determined before and after treatment.Results Compared with those in control group,the patients in test group 1 and test group 2 had higher level of 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG),HbA1c and Fib,and lower level of APTT,PT (P ＜ 0.05).The level of 2 h PBG,HbA1c and Fib in test group 2 were significantly lower than those in test group 1,(6.6 ± 2.5) mmol/L vs.(7.9 ± 3.6) mmol/L,(5.2 ± 1.3)％ vs.(5.8 ± 1.4)％,(3.0 ± 1.0) g/L vs.(3.6 ± 1.2) g/L,and the level of APTT and PT were significantly higher than those in test group 1,(34.3 ± 6.8) s vs.(31.6 ± 6.5) s,(12.6 ± 0.7) s vs.(12.3 ± 0.7) s,P ＜ 0.05.Compared with those in control group,there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Pearson line correlation analysis revealed that APTT and PT had negative correlation with 2 h PBG and HbA1c (P ＜ 0.01),and Fib had positive correlation with 2 h PBG and HbA1c (P ＜ 0.01).TT had no correlation with 2 h PBG and HbA1c (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Blood coagulation function of patients with impaired glucose tolerance may have some alteration,and appropriate therapeutic intervention can reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

砄bjective: To study the mineralization and related differential phenotype of human dental papilla cells in vitro . Methods: Human dental papilla cells were primarily cultured with explant technique, the cells of third passage were incubated for a long term in the presence of 10 mmol/L ? glycerophosphate(? GP)and 50 ?g/ml of ascorbic acid (L AA) in DMEM containing 5% FBS. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin(OC) were measured at different culture time. Cell growth was observed under inverted microscope and mineralization was tested with Von Kossa stainning. Results: Cultured papilla cells were growing in multilayer. Cells exposed to ? GP and L AA exhibited higher ALP activity in 14 days and increased OC in 21 days with certain amount of secreted matrix. After 35 days of culture, mineralized tubercles were formed. ALP activity and synthesized OC began to decrease after 42 days of culture. Conclusion: Human dental papilla cells may show odontoblast phenotype in vitro .

Objkctive To determine the potential ability of the area of each peak for the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1 H-MRS) in the diagnosis of DNS(Delayed neuropsychological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning).Methods MRI and STEAM(stimulated-echo-acquisition mode)were performed in 38 DNS patients and 18 healthy volunteers.The area of the peak of each organic compound were obtained in each volume of interest.Results The data spectra abtained from patients shows NAA(881±76),Cho(2 352 ±86),β、γGlx(3 024 ± 187).Compared with the control group,theβ、γGlx ratio and Cho area increased,but the NAA ratio decreased.The area of NAA,Cho,β、γGlx between DNS and control group were compared,the results showed significant differences (P ＜0.05).In spectroscopy,the Lip evaluated peak in 0.9～1.40 ppm were detected.Conclusion 1H-MRS may do some contribution to the diagnosis of DNS.

Objective To research the clinical outcome of atypical glandular cell (AGC)according to various subtypes of HPV infection and histological pathology results.Methods The data of the liquid-bases cytology (LBP),HPV infection and histology in 102 cases of AGC at the gynecology outpatient department of our hospital from January 1 ,2009 to February 28,2014 were collected and performed the analysis on their clinical outcomes.Results Among 67 218 cases of LBP detection,102 cases were AGC with the total incidence rate of 0.15%.In the cases of AGC-NOS,67 cases were normal or benign lesions,11 cases were precancerous lesion and malignant lesions;in the cases of AGC treading to tumor,the benign,precancerous and malignant lesions were in 7,14 and 3 ca-ses respectively.At the same time in the cases of AGC-NOS,HPV infection was in 64 cases,in which 57 cases were high risk infec-tion(type 16,52,45)and 7 cases were low risk infection(type 6,11 ).The single infection,double infection and multiple infection were in 54,6 cases respectively;in the cases of AGC trends to neoplasm,HPV infection was in 19 cases,in which 18 cases were high risk infection(type 52,16,18)and 1 case was low risk infection(type 6),single infection and double infection were in 15 cases and 4 cases respectively.Conclusion AGC may play an important role for the forecast of cervical malignant lesions.The results of differ-ent HPV subtypes infection in AGC related tumors also play a certain role in the prediction of cervical neoplasia.Their combined a-nalysis is the important signal for judging the occurrence of gynecological cervical precancerous lesion and malignant tumor,i.e., AGC combining with the corresponding HPV subtype infection not only can make a judgement for the cervical lesions,but also pro-vides the basis for predicting the high risk existence of gynecological malignant tumor and provides constructive suggestions for Chi-na regional cervical carcinoma vaccine manufacturing and promotion.

Objective To observe the recent clinical effects and toxicity in advanced gastric carcinoma by neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy FOLFOX and XELOX .Methods A total of 81 patients with Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ level of gastric cancer underwent neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy before curative resection were collected ,and divided into two groups ,as XELOX group(n=26) and FOLFOX group(n=25) .30 patients who just underwent surgical treatment did not received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were taken into control group(n=30) .The curative resection rate and complications were compared in three groups .Results There were no obvious differences be-tween XELOX group and FOLFOX group in recent clinical effect (P>0 .05) ,but FOLFOX group had higher toxic reaction rate (P<0 .05) .The curative resection rates of XELOX group and FOLFOX group were higher than that of control group (P<0 .05) . The complication rates in three groups showed no significant difference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could increase the curative resection rate of advanced gastric cancer ,which does not increase the complications ,and the program XELOX had less toxic reaction .

Objective:To investigate the methylation of CpG island of metallothionein-3 (MT-3) gene in esophageal cancer tissues and normal tissues in middle and south area of Hebei Province and Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province and compared the results with those in low risk area of esophageal cancer. Methods:The blood samples from 10 normal volunteers, 10 embryonic esophageal tissues, 20 esophageal mucosa tissues from normal subjects in low risk area as well as 30 fresh surgical specimens of esophageal cancer and 30 normal marginal tissues in the high risk middle-south Hebei Province and Chaoshan area were collected. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the methylation status of the CpG island of MT-3 gene in these samples. Its relationship with clinicopatho-logical features was analyzed. Results:There were 20 (33.3%) cases with MT-3 methylation in the marginal tissues of esophageal cancer from high-risk area, which was higher than that in the normal mucosa from low-risk area (P=0.013). And there were 49 (81.7%) cases with MT-3 methylation in esophageal cancer tissues, which was higher than that in normal marginal tissues (P<0.001). But there was no significant difference in the methylation degree between middle-south of Hebei Province and Chaoshan area (P=0.739). Conclusion:MT-3 methylation widely exists in esophageal mucosa and carcinoma tissues. Acquired stimulus may be the main cause of these methylations.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between root and root canal diameter of maxillary central incisors and age by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 420 cases of Chinese Han population were divided into 7 age groups as follows:1 5 -24,25 -34,35 -44,45 -54,55 -64,65 -74 and 75 -84(n =60).Root diameter and root canal diameter of maxillary central incisors at the 3 /4 level from the cemenal-enamel junction(CEJ)to root apical were measured.Linear-regression a-nalysis was used to analyze the correlation between root and root canal diameter of the teeth and age,T-test was used to examine the gender difference.Results:Mean root diameter(mm)of the teeth in males and females were 5.81 ±0.445 and 5.53 ±0.489(P <0.05),mean root canal diameter(mm)1 .20 ±0.396 and 0.96 ±0.236(P <0.05),mean of the ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of the teeth 0.21 ±0.072 and 0.1 7 ±0.043(P <0.05)respectively.There were negative correlations between the ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of the teeth with age (R2 =0.576,P <0.05).Conclusion:The ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of maxillary central incisors is negitively correlated with age in Chinese Han population.The decrease of root canal diame-ter in males is more significant than that in females.

Objective:From a professional competency-based perspective,this study aimed to explore appro-priate ways for certifying counselors and psychotherapists in China,and focused on improving the evaluation pro-gram for clinical and counseling psychologist of the Clinical and Counseling Psychology Registration System (CCPRS)of Chinese Psychological Society.Method:The theories and methods for certifying counselors and psy-chotherapists in China and overseas were summarized by using the literature method,based on which the design principles for certification in China were determined.Using the expert method,the core competencies of Chinese counselor and psychotherapist were proposed to form the index system of evaluation.A survey was also conducted to obtain a preliminary validity of the improved evaluation program.Result:Design principles for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists were multi-trait,multi-method,and multi-informant.The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist included six domains,which were professional attitudes and conduct,ethics and law,clinical knowledge and skills,science and research,relationship building,cultural diversity and Chinese culture,case man-agement,respectively.Results from the expert judgments indicated that the evaluation materials which formulated by the improved program could assess all six core competencies and had acceptable reliabilities(Cronbach's α=0.74-0.97).And the expert evaluation about the improved program was high.Conclusion:The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist,which formulated by the improved evaluation program,reflect the necessary attitudes,knowledge and skills that needed when engaged in the professional practice of counseling and psychothera-py,and also can be used as a reference for counselor and psychotherapist education,training,practice,and compe-tency evaluation in China.The improved evaluation program can be used as a transitional way for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists in China.

Objective To investigate the expression of heat shock protein 5 (HSPA5) in breast carcinoma and to study its relationship with clinical and pathological factors.Methods HSPA5 from 97 cases of breast carcinoma and 40 cases of adjacent tissues of breast carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemical method.Results The overall positive rate of HSPA5 in 97 cases of breast cancer was 81.4 ％ (79/97).The positive rates of HSPA5 in cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were 32.5 ％ (13/40) and 7.5 ％ (3/40),respectively.The expression rate of HSPA5 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (x2 =7.813,P =0.038).The expression of HSPA5 in breast carcinoma was correlated with histologic grade and lymph node metastasis (x2 =22.233,P =0.007; x2 =5.342,P =0.024).Conclusion The occurrence of breast carcinoma and the formation of invasion may be related with overexperssion of HSPA5.