Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleosides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of apical barrier and perforation repair with mineral trioxide aggregate.Methods:Selected 23 samples from out-patients of the department of conservative dentistry of oral disease treatment center of 306 Hospital of PLA.Among them,7 samples were with unshaped root apical,6 samples were with lateral perforation from root canal internal absorption or root fracture,10 samples were iatrogenic lateral perforation.The course of the disease was 0.5-24 months.The images of dental films showed that there was shadow around the root or apical area in all the samples.All the samples received regular root canal treatment.Under root canal microscope,the open sites were sealed with MTA.After the barrier formed,filled the root canal with warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique.Patients were ordered to re-check on 6 months and 12 months respectively.Results:1 sample dropped out.On 6 months visit,1 sample showed enlarged shadow at the apical area,20 samples showed shrinked shadow,1 sample showed no significant change.On 12 months visit,the shadow vanished in 9 samples;the shadow decreased in 5 samples,and there were 2 samples showed no significant changes.Conclusion:The treatment with MTA on apical barrier and perforation shows acceptable effect in short term observation.The use of microscope helps to enhance the accuracy and leak tightness of MTA filling.

OBJECTIVETo observe the temporal and spatial expression of Smad7 during human tooth germ development and evaluate the effect of Smad7 on tooth germ development.

METHODSThe expression of Smad7 and its changes at different stages of human tooth germ were detected by using immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSSmad7 was expressed at all stages of tooth germ, but the distribution patterns at various stages were different. It indicated that temporal and spatial expressing mode of Smad7 during human tooth germ development was specific, which was similar to that of TGF-beta its signal transducer Smad2/3.

CONCLUSIONSmad7 might play an important role in TGF-beta intracellular signaling for modulating the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts.

Ameloblasts ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Fetus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Odontoblasts ; cytology ; Odontogenesis ; Signal Transduction ; Smad7 Protein ; Tooth ; growth & development ; Tooth Germ ; embryology ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective: To observe continuous and intermittent application of lamivudine or entecavir resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Data of patients with active stage of chronic hepatitis B over the past 6 years were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of drug resistance mutation and related factors between patients taking LAM or ETV continuously and intermittently were compared with those taking LAM or ETV. Data comparison was performed using χ² test. Results: Patients with HBV DNA≥10⁵ copies / ml at the time of initial treatment had higher resistance mutation rates than those with HBV DNA < 10⁵ copies / ml at either continuous or intermittent treatment, and patients with intermittent treatment had higher resistance mutation rates than those with continuous treatment. Simultaneously, the incidence of drug resistance mutation in LAM and ETV in the first, second and third years were significantly higher in intermittent treatment than that of continuous treatment (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the frequency of drug withdrawal and the rate of drug resistance mutation. There were no individual difference and drug difference between LAM and ETV. Conclusion In the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with oral nucleoside analogues, drug resistance may occur in either continuous or intermittent treatment. When comparing continuous with intermittent treatment, it suggests that intermittent is more likely to cause viral resistance mutation.