Objective To retrospectively compare the efficacy of Serva NB1 collagenase with Vitacyte GOLD collagenase on islet isolation of pancreas.Methods All the human pancreata were obtained from Chinese organ donors.In GMP laboratory,the pancreata were trimmed and distended with Serva NB1 collagenase (Serva NB1,n =12) or Vitacyte GOLD collagenase (Vitacyte GOLD,n =5) and digested according to a modified Ricordi semi-automatic protocol,and the digestion duration was recorded.The digested islets were then collected and washed,followed by the continuous density purification in a Cobe 2991 cell separator.The islet yield,purity,viability and glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSI) were determined each time after purification.Quantity and quality of isolated islets were determined by digestion efficacy.Results The digestion duration in Vitacyte GOLD collagenase group was significantly shorter than in Serva NB1 collagenase group to achieve the same digestion endpoint (P＜ 0.05).The islets yields of different sizes were variable between the two groups.The Vitacyte GOLD collagenase digestion produced more islets with a diameter range of 50-100 μm than the ServaNB1 collagenase digestion (P＜0.05),but the latter yielded more islets with a diameter range of 251-300 μm and 301-350μm (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in total islets yields,viability,and GSI between two collagenase digestions (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both Vitacyte GOLD collagenase and Serva NB1 collagenase can be used for the clinical islet isolation in China.

Objective: To investigate the effect factors of liver enzymes elevation by monitoring the liver function changes before and after intraportal islet transplantation. Methods: 16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation in our hospital were analyzed. The levels of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TBil)were monitored after islet transplantation. Results: Among those 16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation, 11 patients showed an increased AST and 8 patients showed an increased ALT, among which a 2.5-fold increase in AST was observed in 4 patients and over 1.5-fold elevation of ALT was observed in 3 patients. The level of TBil were in the normal range before and after transplantation in all patients. Transplanted tissue volume of islet was the main factor for significantly increased AST (P<0.05) in this study. It is also shown that the change in portal pressure is related to the AST elevation after islet transplantation. Conclusions The amount of transplanted islet tissue volume is related to the liver enzymes elevation after intraportal islet transplantation. Therefore, the improvement of the purity of islet to reduce the amount of transplanted tissue could be benefit to prevent the liver injury after islet transplantation. Meanwhile, the purified islets should be injected as slowly as possible to maintain a stable portal pressure.

OBJECTIVE：To study industry-university-resear ch cooperation model and network evolution characteristics of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China ，and to provide decision-making basis for pharmaceutical innovation cooperation. METHODS：Using social network analysis method ，based on industry-university-research cooperation patent data of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry during 1998-2019，the patent cooperation network of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China was established，and the structural parameters were calculated and evolution regularity of the network were analyzed. RESULTS ： Industry-university-research cooperation patents in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were affected by drug innovation policies. The scale of innovation network in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was expanding day by day ；the density of innovation network was decreasing gradually ；it was not characterized with typical small world features. CONCLUSIONS ：It is suggested to strengthen the scientific and technological support to the core innovation subjects （universities and research institutions），and improve the cooperation with enterprises ；optimize the drug innovation policy environment ，encourage more innovation subjects to participate in the drug R&D process ；construct a platform for industry-university-research collaborative innovation，build drug R&D mechanism which can promote industry-university-research cooperation ，reduce the number of intermediaries in cooperation ，optimize the allocation of drug R&D resources and promote cooperative innovation of enterprises.

The complexity of the development history, culture and system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) deeply affect its inheritance, innovation and development. From the perspective of complexity, and based on the framework of "situation-theory-tool", this paper analyzed the complexity and dilemma of TCM governance. The complexity of TCM governance requires continuous adjustment of the governance system. On the one hand, the optimization of the government governance system should clarify the relationship between power and responsibility, and stimulate the endogenous power of local governments. On the other hand, the concept of "collaborative governance" should be used to realize the resource integration and functional synergy of different subjects in the horizontal structure of TCM governance, and enhance the capability of joint action.