To distinguish the degrees of frostbite in early stage after freezing-thawing injuries is a most impor- tant yet difficult task. In order to seek the indicators of severity of injuries, we observed the relationship between the degrees of cold injuries and serum creatine phosphokinase (SCPK) levels. Results showed that after freezing the rabbit paws to 0℃, SCPK level began to rise. Freezing in the range of 0℃ to-25℃, SCPK levels rose inversely with the lowering of tissue temperature. The elevation of SCPK activity usually appeared 1 hr after freezing, reaching thepeak at 12 hours, and it began decline at 24 hours,returning to normal level at 72 hours after freezing.

Objective To evaluate the effect of direct-vision and two stiches method and other techno logical improvements on PPH surgical operation by prospective randomized controlled study.Methods A total of 683 patients were randomly assigned.Direct-vision and two stiches method technological improvements were applied in observation group,while standard operation procedures were performed in control group.Operation time,blood loss during operation,specimen size,post-operative complication and other conditions were compared between observation group and control group.Results In 350 cases of the observation group,the average surgical time was (12.2 ± 4.0)minutes,blood loss during operation (4.95 ± 2.82)mL and specimens width (2.61 ± 0.32)cm.2 patients with hemorrhage were performed hemostasis after surgery.5 cases suffered from edema or thrombus in haemorrhoids zones after surgery.In 333 cases of the control group,the average surgical time was (17.2 ± 3.6)minutes,blood loss during operation (7.55 ± 3.94) mL and specimens width (1.18 ± 0.56) cm.5 patients were performed hemostasis after surgery,14 cases suffering from edema or thrombus in haemorrhoids zones after surgery,postoperative infection in 1 case,rectostenosis in 1 case,and 1 case in rectovaginal fistula.In the observation group,operation time was shorter than that in the control group.No significance was found in excision width and depth.The serious complications after surgery are fewer in observation group than that in the control group.Conclusion The direct-vision and two stiches method and other technological improvements are safe and effective,meanwhile operation difficulty can be reduced.

Purpose:To analyze the dependence of a cu te esophagitis (AE) on the dose and volume of irradiated esophagus during concur rent chemoradiation therapy of NSCLC.Methods:39 NSCLC patients previously treated with concurrent ch emoradiation therapy were studied , a subset of 62 patients who were recruited e arlier in a randomized phase Ⅲ study designed to evaluate the effect of amifost ine. The radiotherapy regimen was 1.2 Gy/fraction, Bid to a total dose of 69.6 G y. In this study 19 and 20 patients were in the control arm and amifostine arm, respectively. The AE score, evaluated by the RTOG acute morbidity criteria, was collected for each treatment week and one month following radiotherapy. DVH of t he esophagus was computed. A multivariate random-effect logistic model was used to investigate the correlation between the incidence of AE and various dose-vo lume factors among these 39 patients. The variables analyzed included total tumo r dose (TD), the mean and maximum dose to esophagus, the volume of esophagus tre ated above certain dose, and the dose of the esophagus treated to certain volume .Results:Among the 39 patients studied, two patients of the amif ostine arm (11%) and six patients of the non-amifostine arm (30%) experienced g rade Ⅲ AE. Grade Ⅲ AE was first seen at week 4th after a cumulative tumor dose to 36 Gy. However after week 4, it did not increase significantly with dose. Th e cumulative TD and patient sensitivity were found to have the strongest and sta tistically significant influence on the risk of AE in all dose and volume factor s.Conclusions:The risk of severe (grade Ⅲ) AE was associated wit h the cumulative dose to tumor and intrinsic patient sensitivity. Due to the tim e course of the development of AE, the daily dose rate or the cumulative dose by the 4th week of the treatment may be more predicative for the risk of AE rather than the total dose from the entire treatment course. Current clinical practice in using the total dose to assess the normal-tissue toxicity may need to be ad justed to account for the onset time of the acute end-point.

Objective:To study the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy),serum folate,Vitamin B12 levels and Vascular dementia (VD).Methods:30 VD patients,58 patients with nondemented cerebral infarction and 30 normal subjects of the same age were recruited in to the study.Their plasma Hcy levels were measured by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC),and the levels of serum folate and Vitamin B12 were also determined by radioimmune assay (RIA).Results:Mean of Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in VD group than in the nondemented cerebral infarction group.Which were significantly higher in the nondemented cerebral infarction group than in the normal subjects of the same age.Serum folate levels in the VD group were significantly lower than those in the nondemented cerebral infarction group.Which were significantly lower than those of normal subjects.Conclusion:Hcy may be a new risk factor for the onset of VD.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the bioequiavailability of traditional Chinese medicine apozems and granules and to provide references for the rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:Coptidis rhizome,scutellaria,Chinese gall,fructus schiza_ ndrae,cortex phellodendri decotion and granules against The MIC 50 ,MIC 90 ,MIC and MBC of224strains of clinical isolated str_ ains were determined by M-H agar dilution method and the bacteriostatic actions of which were compared.RESULTS:5traditional Chinese medicine apozems and granules showed different degree of antibacterial actions,with the Chinese gall being the most potent.CONCLUSION:The apozems showed stronger antibacterial actions than the granules among the5traditional Chinese medicines.

Rats were divided into 4 groups. Among them the control group was fed to the synthetic diet consisted of egg white powder, sucrose, plant oil, vitamins and salts mixture, the other 3 groups being fed to the same diet except that instead of egg white and sucrose in 20 % composition of diet liver, cabbage and yeast were used respectively.After the irradiation of 630 r, the 30 days mortality in control group was significantly higher than any other experimental group. As compared with the control group, the liver-fed group had longer survival time and more increment of body weight in the recovery period. It suggested that certain factors might exist in liver, cabbage or yeast for the protective effect on acute radiation damage though the action of known nutrients (especially essential trace elements) was not completely exclusive.

Objective To evaluate the in- vitro antibacterial activity of e thanol- extract of Galla Chinensis against Staphycoccus aureus (S. aureus).Meth ods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of ethanol- extract of Galla Chinensis against 112 strains of S. aureus was detected by using agar dilution method.Results The MIC50 and MIC90 of ethanol- extract of Galla Chinensis aga inst 84 strains of MRSA (methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus) were 0. 315, 0.315 mg/mL, and those against 28 strains MSSA (methicillin- sensitive sta phylococcus aureus) were 0.63 and 0.315 mg/mL respectively.Conclusion Ethanol - extract of Galla Chinensis has a strong antibacterial activity against S.aure us.

Objective To investigate the effects of minimal-flow sevoflurane anesthesia combined with a new CO2 adsorbent Amsorb Plus calcium lime on the hepatic and renal functions in patients.Methods Seventytow ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 20-60 yr,scheduled for gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomized into 2 groups (n =36 each):middle-flow anesthesia group (group G1 ) and minimal-flow anesthesia group (group G2 ).Amsorb Plus calcium lime was added into the CO2 absorption canister and the core temperature of the calcium lime was continuously monitored and recorded.The patients were tracheal intubated after anesthesia induction and mechanically ventilated.The initial sevoflurane concentration was set at 4％ and the fresh gas flow of oxygen was set at 4 L/min.After the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane reached 2.6％,the fresh gas flow of oxygen was adjusted to 2 L/min in group G1 or 0.5 L/min in group G2.The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was maintained at 2.4％-2.8％ during operation.Venous blood samples were taken 24 h before and 24 h after operation for determination of the serum concentrations of total bilirubin (TBIL),direct bilirubin (DBIL),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinire (Cr) and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).Urine samples were obtained at 24 h before and after operation to detect the concentration of glucose and protein.The urine glucose and protein positive patients were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the core temperature of calcium lime at different time points between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with that at 24 h before operation,AST activity,TBIL and DBIL concentrations were significantly increased,BUN concentration was significantly decreased,but no significant change was found in the Cr concentration and the number of urine glucose and protein positive patients at 24 h after operation in group G1,and DBIL concentration was significantly increased,while BUN concentration was significantly decreased at 24 h after operation in group G2 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the parameters of hepatic and renal functions between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of minimal-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and Amsorb Plus calcium lime exerts no effect on the hepatic and renal functions,the effect is similar to that of middle-flow anesthesia,and it can be safely used in patients.

Objective To investigate the association of duration of untreated psychosis(DUP) and the gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 39 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups according to DUP:long-DUP group and short-DUP group.All the subjects underwent T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging.After transformed with MRIcro software,all the images underwent standardization,segmentation,modulation and smoothing with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) software.The gray matter volumes of the two groups underwent two-sample t-test with a Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)using SPM5 software.Results Long-DUP schizophrenic patients presented significantly reduced GM volume in the left thalamus(MNI:-6,-16,2;cluster=141 voxels)and the left temporal lobe(MNI:-46,-58,-6;cluster=69 Voxels),compared with short-DUP schizophrenic patients.Conclusion Delayed DUP may increase the loss of gray matter in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND:Cytokine induced kil er cells therapy as an effective means of adoptive immunotherapy, becomes a new way to treat acute myeloid leukemia. But, the researches about sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia patients are stil less, which deserve further research.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficiency and safety of sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia M2 patients.
METHODS:Total y 45 patients with low-or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia M2 were recruited in this study. Among them, 19 patients received sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation and 26 patients only received autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation. The relapse rate, disease-free survival, and overal survival were compared between two groups, and safety of cytokine induced kil er cells therapy was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the patients only receiving autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation, the relapse rate was lower (21.05%vs. 38.46%;P<0.05), and elevated percentages of the disease-free survival and overal survival were observed in the patients receiving sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation (P<0.05). (2) The 19 patients who received sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation al completed the treatment scheme successful y. Only four patients appeared to have chil s and fever, and no more side effects were observed. These findings suggested that the sequential cytokine induced kil er cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem celltransplantation can improve the disease-free survival and overal survival of low-or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia M2 patients without remarkable side effects, which is a safe, effective and feasible way for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia M2.