To distinguish the degrees of frostbite in early stage after freezing-thawing injuries is a most impor- tant yet difficult task. In order to seek the indicators of severity of injuries, we observed the relationship between the degrees of cold injuries and serum creatine phosphokinase (SCPK) levels. Results showed that after freezing the rabbit paws to 0℃, SCPK level began to rise. Freezing in the range of 0℃ to-25℃, SCPK levels rose inversely with the lowering of tissue temperature. The elevation of SCPK activity usually appeared 1 hr after freezing, reaching thepeak at 12 hours, and it began decline at 24 hours,returning to normal level at 72 hours after freezing.

Objective To evaluate the effect of direct-vision and two stiches method and other techno logical improvements on PPH surgical operation by prospective randomized controlled study.Methods A total of 683 patients were randomly assigned.Direct-vision and two stiches method technological improvements were applied in observation group,while standard operation procedures were performed in control group.Operation time,blood loss during operation,specimen size,post-operative complication and other conditions were compared between observation group and control group.Results In 350 cases of the observation group,the average surgical time was (12.2 ± 4.0)minutes,blood loss during operation (4.95 ± 2.82)mL and specimens width (2.61 ± 0.32)cm.2 patients with hemorrhage were performed hemostasis after surgery.5 cases suffered from edema or thrombus in haemorrhoids zones after surgery.In 333 cases of the control group,the average surgical time was (17.2 ± 3.6)minutes,blood loss during operation (7.55 ± 3.94) mL and specimens width (1.18 ± 0.56) cm.5 patients were performed hemostasis after surgery,14 cases suffering from edema or thrombus in haemorrhoids zones after surgery,postoperative infection in 1 case,rectostenosis in 1 case,and 1 case in rectovaginal fistula.In the observation group,operation time was shorter than that in the control group.No significance was found in excision width and depth.The serious complications after surgery are fewer in observation group than that in the control group.Conclusion The direct-vision and two stiches method and other technological improvements are safe and effective,meanwhile operation difficulty can be reduced.

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of Galla Chinensis ethanol extractant(GCEE)against S.epidermidis,and the change of cell morphology of S.epidermidis.Methods Deterimination of antibacterial activity of GCEE against 124 strains S.epidermidis was performed by using agar dilution method,and the changes of cell merphalogy of S.epidermidis was examined by microscope.Results The MIC90 of GCEE against 43 strains of MRSE(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis)and 81 strains of MSSE(methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis)were 0.288 and 0.144 mg/mL respectively.Under microscope,the cells of S.epidermidis were expansion by degrees,with the edge of cell of S.epidermidis irregular.The substances in cells of S.epidermidis were disappear final.Conclusion Galla Chinensis ethanol extractant had strong antibacterial activity against 124 strains of S.epidermidis,and the cell morphology of S.epidermidis changed.

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Galla chinensis etc.14 kinds of TCM against 112 strains of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Method Deterimination of antibacterial activity of Galla chinensis etc.against 112 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was performed by using new agar dilution method. Results The antibacterial efficiency of Galla chinensis, Forsythia suspensa and Acacia catechu (L.) Willd against 112 strains Staphylococcus aureus was good, and the MIC90 was 0.102, 0.244, 1.19 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion Galla chinensis etc. 14 kinds of TCM had strong antibacterial activity agsinst 112 srains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective To observe antibacterial efficiency of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against clinical isolates. Method Antibacterial activity of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against 308 strains of clinical isolates were determined by agar dilution method. Results MIC50 of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against staphylococcus aureus (112 strains), S.epidermidis (112 strains), and Enterococci (28 strains) were 0.72, 1.44, 0.72 mg/mL, and MIC90 were 1.44, 1.44, 0.72 mg/mL respectively. The MIC90 of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc to Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli were 2.88, 1.44 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc has good antibacterial activity against Gram positive cocci and some Gram negative bacilli.

ObjectiveTo seek the optimal method in treating hemifacial spasm (HFS).MethodThirty HFS patients were selected and randomized into atreatment group and a control group. The treatment group was intervened by selecting cervical Jiaji (EX-B2) points plus conventional acupuncture, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture alone; 15 sessions were regarded as a treatment course, and the therapeutic efficacies were observed and compared after 2 successive treatment courses. ResultThe total effective rate was 86.7% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 66.7% in the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionElectroacupuncture at cervical Jiaji plus conventional acupuncture is significantly effective in treating HFS, and its total effective rate is higher than that of the conventional acupuncture alone.

Aiming to solve the problems in traditional classroom mode PBL teaching during clinical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery,this paper investigated multi-pattern PBL teaching basing on Weblog,daily ward round and classroom discussion in the clinical practice,and focused on the practice methods,advantages and feature of this multi-pattern PBL teaching.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of cystic renal cell carcinoma and to improve the preoperative diagnosis and curative rate of the disease. Methods Ten cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed in the aspects of imaging and pathologic characteristics. There were 7 males and 3 females with average age of 56 years old (ranging from 38--74 years old) in this study. There were 3 cases complained of sore waist, 7 cases were found renal masses in annual physical examination and 2 cases had the history of renal cysts. The cyst diameter was 3.5 8.2 cm. Six cases had been diagnosed with ultrasound and 7 cases had been diagnosed with CT scan pre-operatively. Eight eases were diagnosed with frozen section during operation. All the 10 cases accepted radical nephreetomies. Results The post-operative histological diagnosis showed that there were 9 cases of clear cell carcinoma and 1 case of granular cell carcinoma. The pathological character istics were tumor necrosis of renal cell carcinoma in 6 cases, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in 2 cases and carcinoma in renal cyst in 2 cases. Eight patients followed up from 6 months to 5 years. Six patients were still alive (mean 28.5 months). Conclusion The keys to improve the diagnosis and curative rate of the cystic renal cell carcinoma are paying attention to the pre-operative imaging study, the intra-operative frozen section examination and histopathology results.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the bioequiavailability of traditional Chinese medicine apozems and granules and to provide references for the rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:Coptidis rhizome,scutellaria,Chinese gall,fructus schiza_ ndrae,cortex phellodendri decotion and granules against The MIC 50 ,MIC 90 ,MIC and MBC of224strains of clinical isolated str_ ains were determined by M-H agar dilution method and the bacteriostatic actions of which were compared.RESULTS:5traditional Chinese medicine apozems and granules showed different degree of antibacterial actions,with the Chinese gall being the most potent.CONCLUSION:The apozems showed stronger antibacterial actions than the granules among the5traditional Chinese medicines.