AIM: To investigate biological effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on differentiation of cardiomyogenic cells (CGCs) induced from rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) in vitro. METHODS: The BMSCs from shaft of femur of Japan rabbits were isolated and propagated for cell culture. Cultured BMSCs were randomly divided into six groups: Group Ⅰ: the control group (uninduced group); Group Ⅱ: the ET-1 group, added ET-1 (30 nmol/L) into culture medium; Group Ⅲ: 5-aza group, added 5-aza (10 ?mol/L) into culture medium; Group Ⅳ: 5-aza+ET-1 group, after inducing with 5-aza for 3 weeks, ET-1 was added into culture medium. This group was divided into three parts-Ⅳ 1、Ⅳ 2、Ⅳ 3, and separated to add 10、 30、 50 nmol/L ET-1. During the cell culture, growing and differentiation of BMSCs were observed. After inducing for 4 weeks, the differentiation rate and the diameter of cardiomyogenic cells were calculated; Western-blot was employed to analyze the expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level. The expression of ?-MHC mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry staining of Troponin-I and ultrastructure observation of induced cardiomyogenic cells were also completed simultaneously. RESULTS: The cell diameters of CGCs in group Ⅳ 2 were enlarged significantly (P0.05). In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ 2 , the positive cells of cTroponin I staining were more, the expression of ?-MHC mRNA was significantly increased (P

Objective To investigate how to improve teaching achievement of specified trained doctors with vascular skill. Methods Specified trained doctors were divided into groups(two doctors for one group) and expected vascular surgeon was appointed as majored teacher. Teaching revolution was proceeded with self-made vascular training platform,projected questions according with teaching content,cultivation of solidificatism and refined schema of check. Results After revolution,operative skills of specified trained doctors were improved significantly,basal operative procedures during operations were smooth,skill related theory was solid and compounding during operation was initiative. Conclusion Teaching revolutions of vascular skill can improve basal operative skill of specified trained doctors and develop habits of solidificatism.

BACKGROUND: Many scholars attempt to xenotransplantation because of shortage of human donor hepatocytes. In the field of hepatocyte xenotransplantation, two different mammalian species, i.e., pig-to-rat, and pig-to-rodent, are much reported. Hepatocyte transplantation between two different classes has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response in hepatocytes xenotransplantation between tilapia and rat. METHODS: The tilapia (donor) hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase cold digestion and adjusted to 2×107 /mL using physiological saline. Thirty-six SD (recipient) rats were randomly divided into transplantation and control groups (n = 18). Rats from the control group received injection of physiological saline into the spleen, and those from the transplantation group received injection of tilapia hepatocytes. At each time point (4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 5 days) after transplantation, two rats were respectively sacrificed for histological changes examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining and detection of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes surrounding the grafts using immunohistochemical SABC method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The transplanted hepatocytes were rejected a few hours after transplantation. Surviving hepatocytes in spleens were hardly seen 8 hours after transplantation. The aggregation of CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes was detected surrounding the grafts 4 hours after transplantation. These findings suggest that tilapia hepatocytes transplantation into rat spleen induces rejection within a few hours, cell-mediated immune response is involved in the rejection of hepatocytes xenotransplantation, and natural killer cells may play an important role in this kind of rejection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotics resistance in blood culture isolates.Methods The clinical isolates of blood specimens from patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2004 to 2006 were identified anti the drug resistance to antimierobial agents was tested.The results were analyzed and compared with those during 1986 to 1998.Results A total of 576 strains were isolated from 6203 blood specimens,among which gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli account for 57.8%(333/576)and 31.4%(181/576),respectively.The frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,hemolytic Streptococcus viridans,Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi.The methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci(MRCNS)accounted for 78.3%(155/198).Gram negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin.Conclusions The incidence of bloodstream infections caused by MRCNS,gram negative bacilli producing ESBLs and fungi are increasing.The clinical isolates from blood have hish resistance to the first line antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution of the common pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in urinary tract infection for clinical reference of rational use of antibacterials. METHODS:The medical records of patients hospitalized in urinary surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Oct. in 2008 were retrospectively collected for analyses of the results of mid-stream urine culture and antibiotic resistance,meanwhile,the current utilization of antibacterials in urinary surgery was analyzed. RESULTS:Gram negative bacilli were the major pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection(61.82%),of which,escherichia coli represented 58.82%,and the resistant rates of the gram negative bacilli to imipenem,amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were 8.82%,8.82%,11.76% and 11.76%,respectively. CONCLUSION:The antibiotics should be used rationally according to the result of susceptibility test in treating patients with urinary tract infection.

AIM: To investigate the homing effect of immature dendritic cells (iDC) after injection of iDC into the mouse hepatoma treated by microwave ablation and the possibility of stimulating tumor immunity after thermal ablation. METHODS: The model of hepatoma was established with Hepa 1-6 cells injected into the subcutaneous tissue of C57BL/6J mice. The tumors were treated by microwave ablation under different temperatures, and then fluorescent-labeled iDCs (PKH26-DC) were injected into the ablated tumor tissues. The influences of ablation to homing of PKH26-DC, maturation and excitation ability towards T-cell were observed. RESULTS: There were no homing PKH26-DCs and expression of CCR7 in draining lymph nodes in (65?5)℃ and (90?5)℃ ablation groups after intratumoral injection of iDCs. The number of homing PKH26-DCs was 32?8 in (50?5)℃ ablation group vs 21?6 in un-ablated group, and the expression rate of CCR7 was 100% vs 90%. The number of clusters with immunological synapsis was 8-12 in (50?5)℃ ablation group vs 4-6 in un-ablated group under 100-magnification visual field, and the number of lymphocytes in each cluster was 12-25 vs 3-10. CONCLUSION: Thermal ablation of hepatoma under an appropriate temperature level may promote maturing and homing of iDCs and stimulate immunity of lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents. METHODS Susceptibility of 48 S. maltophilia isolates were tested by agar dilution or K-B method. RESULTS The lowest resistance rate of isolates to the antimicrobial agents was to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (12.5%),then to minocycline (25.0%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.3%). The resistance rate to ceftazidime,ceftazidime/sulbactam,levofloxacin,and chloramphenicol was 62.5%,52.1%,52.1%,and 50.0%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most of S. maltophilia isolates are susceptible to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,minocycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and resistant to other antimicrobial agents. More mornitoring should be enhanced.

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogens and their resistance in infective endocarditis patients.METHODS Pathogens and their resistance were detected by MicroScan WalkAway-40 system.RESULTS Most of pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus.The resistant rate of S.pyogenes to tetracycline,erythromycin,ampicillin,penicillin,gentamicin and chloramphenicol was 78.6%,42.9%,14.3%,0,0 and 0,respectively.Four were MRS in 10 Staphylococcus isolates and they were resistant to most antimicrobial agents except vancomycin and higher than MSS.CONCLUSIONS Most of pathogens are S.pyogenes and Staphylococcus in infective endocarditis patients;most S.pyogenes isolates are resistant to tetracycline,erythromycin,but susceptible to penicillins;MRS are resistant to most of antimicrobial agents except vancomycin.

Objective To evaluate the impact of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on hemodynamic variables including central venous pressure (CVP),mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in patients with central respiratory failure treated by mechanical ventilation.Methods Thirty two neurosurgical patients with central respiratory failure,male 19,female 13,mean age (58.8 ± 13.9)years,GCS ≤ 8 points,were enrolled in this prospective,self-control study between June 1,2009,and May 31,2011.Patients were excluded in cases of severe cardiopulmonary disorders,pericardial diseases,person machine confrontation,administration of vasoactive drugs,and hypervolemia or hypovolemia.On admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit,all patients were mechanically ventilated in the mode of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation.Hemodynamic effects of six randomly set levels of end-expiratory pressures (0,3,6,9,12,15 cm H2O,every 10 min,1cm H2O =0.098 kPa) were studied in all patients.CVP,MAP and HR were recorded at each of the six end-expiratory pressure levels.One-way analysis of variance and simple linear regression model were used for data analysis.Results The levels of central venous pressure were elevated with increase in end-expiratory pressures.CVP levels were positively correlated with the levels of PEEP (R =0.468,P =0.000),with a simple linear regression equation expressed as:CVP (cm H2O) =7.870 +0.344 ×PEEP (cm H2O),The levels of MAP showed no statistically significant changes at different PEEP levels (F =1.390,P =0.227).No linear correlation between MAP,HR and PEEP levels was found (R =0.042 and 0.160,P =0.413 and 0.002).Conclusions CVP values would be overestimated during mechanical ventilation at different PEEP levels in mechanically ventilated patients due to central respiratory failure,positive correlation existed between CVP values and PEEP levels,whereas MAP was unaffected by different PEEP levels.This study could probably offer a quantitative reference for correct assessment of such a hemodynamic variable as CVP for mechanically ventilated patients without discontinuance of PEEP.Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings could be confirmed in a prospective manner.

Objective To study the influence of NS4B on host defense system. Methods After cell line stably expressed NS4B was established, cell expression profiling caused by NS4B was studied using DNA microarray, and the results of microarray were verified via IFNGR1 fluorescence intensity analysis. Results The data showed that HCV-NS4B could suppress host defense system-associated gene ex-pression, in particular, IFN-γsignal transduction-related genes. Conclusion NS4B could play a role in persistence and resistance to IFN therapy in HCV infection.