Objective To investigate whether the serum adiponectin is related to the atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.Methods Thirty three normal control subjects(NC group),66 type 2 diabetes subjects without atherosclerosis(NAS group),and 66 type 2 diabetes subjects with atherosclerosis(AS group) were recruited.The intima media thickness(IMT) of dorsalis pedis artery were measured using B-mode Doppler ultrasonography.Serum adiponectin and other gluco-lipid metabolic indices were determined.Results 1)Compared with NC group and NAS group,the IMT value in AS patients were significantly increased(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of elderly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Totally 188 male elderly in outpatient department from January 2010 to March 2012 were enrolled in this study.Medical history was inquired in detail,and prostatic volumes (PV)were measured by abdominal ultrasound,PV≥ 20ml was diagnosed as BPH.Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was evaluated by international prostate symptom score (IPSS),prostate specific antigen (PSA) was measured.Age≥62 years,PSA≥1.6 μg/L and PV≥31 ml were considered as higher risk of clinical progression of BPH.We investigated the rate of prevalence,awareness and treatment of BPH.PV,IPSS and PSA were compared among different age groups by ANOVA.Logistic regression analysis was made to show the risk factors of BPH.Results Among 188 male elderly,the prevalence rate of BPH was 48.4％,and the total rate of awareness was 41.5％.The rate of awareness resulting from seeing doctor due to LUTS was 10.6％.PV,IPSS and PSA were increased with ageing.Risk factors contributing to BPH were age,hypertension and diabetes.The treatment rate with drugs of 5a-reductase inhibitor was 47.3 ％,however 10 subjects had not been given drugs treatment among 46 patients with higher risk of clinical progression of BPH.Conclusions The prevalence rate of BPH is increased with ageing,the proportion of seeing a doctor with passion is lower because the male elderly have not paid enough attention to LUTS.And doctors have not given drugs intervention to patients with clinical progression BPH in time.We should launch propaganda and education among the elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes and take comprehensive treatment.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose irbesartan in the treatment of mild and moderate proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsA single center,prospective,observational study was performed.A total of 96 subjects were given irbesartan 150 mg/d for 4 weeks.Twenty-six were divided into single-dose ( 150 mg/d) irbesartan group when their clinical efficacy were eligible for improvement criteria and 70 were divided into high-dose (300-600 mg/d) irbesartan group when there were no effect for single-dose treatment.Both groups received treatment for 48 weeks.Then 24-hour quantitative urine protein,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,TC,LDL-C,plasma albumin,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,blood uric acid,serum potassium and ALT were determined.Results The proteinuria level after treatment in the single-dose irbesartan group was decreased by 68.3％ with a statistically significant difference( P ＜0.001 ).In the high-dose group,the dose of irbesartan was increased based on the ineffectiveness when treating with single-dose,and the proteinuria was decreased by 63.4％ (P ＜0.001 ).Total effective rate in treating proteinuria in high-dose group was 72.9％ (51/70).Among the blood pressure sub-groups,the effective rates for the normal blood pressure group and hypertension group in treating proteinuria were 68.2％ and 76.9％ respectively ( P ＞ 0.05 ).However,in the normal blood pressure group and hypertension group,the proteinuria was decreased by 61.9％ and 67.5％ respectively after treatment (P＜0.001,P＜0.01),while without difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The effective rates of high doses of 300,450 and 600 mg/d of irbesartan in treating proteinuria were 70.8％,63.6％ and 66.7％,respectively.The difference in effective rates of treating proteinuria among different doses had no statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ).No obvious increase of SCr value before and after treatment in high-dose group ( P =0.583 ).The increasing level of serum potassium in high-dose group after treatment was higher than that in the single-dose group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but the highest concentration (4.8 mmol/L) was still within the normal range.The blood pressure of 3 cases who quit observation because of low blood pressure in high-dose group returned to normal after drug withdrawal.ConclusionHigh-dose irbesartan can effectively lower the mild and moderate proteinuria in CKD patients with a good safety and tolerance and the efficacy is independent of lowering blood pressure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urine albumin excretion.Methods A total of 258 male inpatients aged 60 to 70 years were enrolled in this study.According to prostate volume (PV) measured by transrectal ultrasonography,patients were divided into BPH group(PV≥20 ml) and NBPH(non benign prostatic hyperplasia) group(PV＜20 ml).Urine albumin and urine creatinine concentrations were measured and urine albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) was calculated.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) and fasting insulin(FINS) also were measured,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was calculated based on the formula HOMA-IR=ln(FBG × FINS/22.5).The correlation between PV and other indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The risk factors for BPH were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results UACR was significantly higher in BPH group than in NBPH group[(163.6± 69.8) mg/g vs.(73.3 ± 55.6) mg/g,t =4.81,P＜ 0.01],and hypertension duration was longer in BPH group than in NBPH group [(9.2±6.6)years vs.(6.0±3.6)years,t=2.27,P＜0.05].The prevalence rate of BPH and PV were increased along with increasing of urine albumin excretion(x2=4.58,F=4.85,respectively,P＜0.05 or 0.01).Prostate volume was positively correlated with UACR,HOMA-IR,hypertension duration,body mass index(r=0.248,0.229,0.183,0.157,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that UACR,HOMA-IR and hypertension duration were the risk factors for BPH(OR=16.348,1.040,0.166,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Conclusions BPH is correlated with UACR,which indicates that there is a close relationship between atherosclerosis and BPH.Insulin resistance probably plays an important role in the progression of arteriosclerosis and BPH.

Ojective To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of transurethral laser ablation applied in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Methods 70 cases of benign prostatic hypertplasia were treated with transurethral laser ablation (Nd:YAG) from 1993 to 1996. The patients were followed up for 3～32 months with an average of 18.4 moths Results Preoperative and postoperative I-PSS were 27.1?2.4 and 5 7?3.5 (P

Objective To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of transurethral laser ablation of prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with BPH treated by transurethral laser ablation from November 1993 to September 1999. Follow-up observations ranged (3～9) years, mean 7 0 year. Results Pre- and post-operative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life score (QoL), MFR, estimating weight of prostate and Post-Void Residual Urine (PVR) were (27 5?2 6) and (20 7?4 2) ( t =11 68, P 0 05), (71 5?46 2) ml and (42 3?28 6) ml ( t =4 56, P

Objective To study the reasons leading to readmission in patients with severe postoperative complications after transurethral prostatectomy. Methods Clinical data of 27 cases of readmission after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP, 14 cases), transurethral vaporization of prostate (TUVP, 3 cases), transurethral laser prostatectomy (TULP, 9 cases) or holmium laser enucleation of prostate (1 case) in this hospital from June 1998 to June 2003 were analyzed. Results Reason leading to readmission included: postoperative severe bleeding in bladder (4 cases), urinary retention (15 cases), urethral stricture (3 cases), bladder neck contracture (2 cases), severe urinary frequency (2 cases) and urinary incontinence (1 case). Conclusions More weight should be placed on the fact that various modes of transurethral prostatectomy may precipitate severe long-term complications.

1.200 cerebral hemispheres were used to observe the morphology of the brain sulci. 2.The superior and inferior frontal sulci not only run from tbe precentral sulcus or in the front of it,but also run behind it. 3.The posterior end of the collateral sulcus may extend to the superolateral sur- face of the occipital lobe. 4.The orbital sulci are irregular but generally are of the ?-shaped and H- shaped. 5.Anterio-superiorly to the cingulate sulcus a parallel accessory cingulate sulcus is usually present. 6.The intraparietal and intraoccipital sulci are usually continuous. 7.The superior and inferior transverse occipital sulci are present at the same time,being over 80% of the total number. 8.The parieto-occipital sulcus which commences on the superolateral surface is over 90% of the total number. 9.The calcarine sulcus is divided into four types,among which the“superior convex”and “linear”types are present more often. 10.Most of the superior sagittal cunuate sulcus and the inferior sagittal cunuate sulcus are present. 11.The lingual sulcus is constant.Its configuration is changed,following the change of the posterior part of the calcarine fissure and the posterior end of the collateral sulcus.

To observe the analgesic effects of morphine and bupivacaine for the patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after prostatectomy. Methods: 21 patients after receiving prostatectomy were treated with PCEA including morphine and bupivacaine, and 24 patients were treated with routine analgesia as control. The effects of analgesia with visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated indirectly, and episodes of bl adder spasm were recoreded. Results: The effects of PCEA on postoperative analgesia and controlling bladder spasm were much better than that of routine analgesia. Conclusion: Effects of morphine and bupivacaine used in PCEA for post-prostatectomy analgesia are confirmed adm inistration is slimple. Because of their dosage is smalller and side effects are fewer, this treating protocol is beneficial for the recovery of the patients re ceiving prostatectomy.

Objective Todeterminethecorrelationbetweenthrombomodulinand atherosclerosis in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients.Methods A total of 96 CKD patients in our hospital were enrolled in the study, including 32 maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients and 64 non-hemodialysis CKD patients with stage 2 to 5(non-HD) and 30 age- and gendermatched healthy volunteers were used as control.Intima-media thickness(IMT) and atherosclerotic plaquesof theextracranialcommoncarotidarteryweredetectedbyhigh-resolutionB-mode ultrasonography. Bloodlevelof thrombomodulinwasmeasuredusingELISA,andcreatinine,triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured routinely as well.Correlation analysis of thrombomodulin with other parameters was performed.Results The thrombomodulin level was significantly higher in CKD patients as compared to healthy controls[(12.15±3.04) mg/L vs(3.12±0.23) mg/L, P＜0.05], and also significantly higher in MHD patients as compared to non-HD patients [(16.89±3.35) mg/L vs (9.78±2.49) mg/L, P＜0.05].The atherosclerotic plaques incidence and IMT value of carotid artery increased significantly in CKD patients compared with healthy volunteers.Thrombomodulin was positively correlated with IMT in CKD patients(r=0.335, P＜0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that thrombomodulin, Tm (OR=1.13, 95％CI 1.010-1.121), SBP (OR=1.09, 95％GI 1.009-1.114), CRP(OR=1.22, 95％CI 1.216-2.007), and Scr were independent risk factors of IMT.ConclusionThrombomodulin is correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in CKD patients and may be used as a marker to evaluate the endothelial damage.