Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the central nervous system(CNS) of adult rats. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate the PTEN-like positive immunohistochemical product. Results Expression of PTEN was extensive in the CNS. The distribution of positive cells was strong, moderate or weak and its subcellular localization included the cytoplasm, nuclei and processes. Conclusion The present results identify the expression of PTEN protein in the CNS of adult rats.

Objective To observe the regulatory mechanism of substance P on the tension of human umbilical vein and the calcium ion of endothelial cells. Methods The tension was recorded by conventional physiological recording methods,and confocal laser scanning microscopy and patch\|clamp technique were used to observe the concentration of intracytosolic free calcium ion and the opening probability of membrane calcium ion channel of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Results Substance P induced the endothelial\|dependent relaxing of human umbilical vein and the increasing of the concentration of intracytosolic free calcium ion and of the opening probability of calcium ion channel in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Conclusion\ Substance P could be function as the activator of the releasing of the intracellular stored calcium ion,and the inflowing of calcium ion from the outside cell bodies to relax human umbilical vein.

BACKGROUND: Neural axon regeneration is one of the difficulties that must be overcome in treatment of injury of central nerve system. Significant therapeutic effects have been obtained in transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and Schwann cells. But the bottleneck situation of insufficiency of cell provider has limited the development on it.OBJECTIVE: To observe directional-differentiation of retinoic-acid induced ESCs so as to find optimal condition for neuronal differentiation.DESIGN: Non-randomized controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Teaching-Research Room of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Medicines. Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Staff Room of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January to May 2000. Eighteen Kunming mice in disoestrus were employed, of which. 12 mice were female and 6 mice male. They were placed in same cage at ratio of 2:1 for mating. The date of pregnancy was recorded. MESPU35 ESC line was prepared.METHODS: Removed head. internal organs and four limbs, feeder-layer Feeder-layer adherent culture was used to proliferate MESPU35 ESCs.Classic 4-/4+ method [The embryoid body (EB) grew naturally for 4 days,without retinoic acid added. In the coming 4 days, retinoic acid was added to induce neural EB of high proportion] was applied to induce the directional differentiation of the nerve. EB was cultured with serum of different concentrations. Phase contrast microscope was used to observe nerve-like EB in serum of different concentrations and to count numbers. ②Immunocytochemical technique was used to observe cellular morphological charac ters at various differentiating phase spots (5th. 9th, 14th days) and with retinoic acid at various concentrations. Flow cytometer (FCM) was used to count the proportion of differentiated neurons.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Estimated measurement of the length of process and cell body during formation of neural EB after retinoic-acid induced differentiation of MESPU35 ESCs. ② Observation of cell morphology with immunocytochemical staining and proportion of differentiated cells assayed with FCM.RESULTS: ①It was discovered with phase contrast microscope that serum of different concentrations affect neural directional differentiation after EB formation to certain extent. Excessively high and low concentrations of serum reduced the proportion of neural differentiation of EB. The differentiating proportion is high in serum with 5% concentration. ② It is observed with immunocytochemical technique that the proportions of NF200 positive cell and glial fibrillary acidicprotein (GFAP) positive cell in differentiation of MESPU35 ESCs induced by retinoic acid were increased with phase spots in differentiation and increased concentration of retinoic acid. NF200 positive cell is transformed as multipolar neurons from absence of process in morphology. The processes of GFAP positive cell became longer and linked among each other as reticular pattern finally. ③ It was assayed with FCM that the proportion changes of GFAP positive cell and NF200 positive cell manufactured in differentiation were similar to immunocytochemical one.CONCLUSION: Retinoic acid in combination with proper concentration of serum and differentiating phase spots can induce neural-differentiation of MESPU35 ESC at high proportion and its differentiating regulation is in the patterns of concentration dependence and time dependence.

Objective To observe DAT1 expression in neural stem cells (NSCs) and the effects of DAT1 on the differentiation of NSCs. Methods Eukaryotic expression vectors pEGFP-C1-DAT1 and pcDNA4/hisA-DAT1 were constructed and transfected into NSCs of rat cerebellum by lipofectamine2000. The transfected NSCs were observed by immunohistochemistry under fluorescent microscope. Results The overexpression of DAT1 could increase the number of Mash-1 staining cells and promote the NSCs to differentiate into neuron progenitors, and the high levels of DAT1 in NSCs facilitated the differentiation of neurons. The localizations of DAT1 protein in Mash-1 staining cells and NF 200 staining cells changed. This shift may result from the two distinct inducing factors, FBS and nature differentiation, or distinct stages in differentiation of NSCs. Conclusion DAT1 functions in differentiation of NSCs as a multiprotein combined with distinct transcription factors by virtue of different inducer or varied stage of differentiation.

Objective　To investigate the mechanism affecting on permeability of vascular endothelial cell by nitric oxide (NO). Methods　Series concentration of sin-1（a donor of NO） were added to ECV 304, a cell line of human umbilical vein endothelium. Cell growth and expression of f-actin, a cytoskeleton protein were observed. Results　Cell growth was inhibited with a dose from 6.25 to 100 μmol/L and was caused to death at the concentration of 50 to 100 μmol/L by sin-1. The expression of f-actin was suppressed obviously after cultured with 100 μmol/L sin-1 for 4 hours. Conclusion　It suggests that anomaly increased NO can increase permeability of blood vessels by suppressing the expression of f-actin, inhibiting cell growth or even resulting in cell death.

Objective To observe the effects of fetal bovine serum(FBS) on differentiation of human neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods The effects of FBS with different concentrations on differentiation of human fetal NSCs were observed by cell culture, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results Human fetal NSCs could be induced to differentiate mainly three types of nerve system cells(neuron, astrocyte and oligodentrocyte). There were 80%～90% astrocytes of differentiated cells from human fetal NSCs with the concentration of 15% FBS induced. Conclusion Concentration dependent FBS in culture medium may have effect on the ratio of neurons to glial cells differentiated from human NSCs in vitro .

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Abacopteris penangiana.Methods The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectroscopic methods.Results Seven compounds were purified and their structures were identified as:(7'Z)-3-O-(3,4-dihydroxy phenylethenyl)-caffeic acid(1),caffeiein B(2),matteucinol(3),protocatechuic acid(4),p-methoxybenzoic acid(5),β-sitosterol(6),and daucosterol(7).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new phenolic acid compound named abacopteric acid,and the other compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutical effect of dopaminergic neurons induced by transplantation on Parkinson's disease (PD) rats. Methods Mesencephalic nerve stem cells (NSCs) were induced by striatal extracts to differentiate into tyroxine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopaminergic neurons. The differentiated cells were transplanted into the striatum of PD rats. The survived cells were detected by TH immunocytochemical staining. The therapeutical effect was observed using apomorphine induced rotation. Results Mesencephalic NSCs could be induced to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons which could survive in the host for long time after cell transplantation, and could improve the apomorphine induced rotation. Conclusion The induced mesencephalic NSCs have the obvious therapeutical effect on PD.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor. It is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. At present, there is no effective treatment. As a new method for treating cancer, magnetic fluid hyperthermia has been clinically applied to a variety of cancers in recent years. This article introduces it to the cholangiocarcinoma model and systematically studies the effect of magnetic fluid hyperthermia on cholangiocarcinoma. Starting from the theory of magnetic fluid heating, the electromagnetic and heat transfer models were constructed in the finite element simulation software COMSOL using the Pennes biological heat transfer equation. The Helmholtz coil was used as an alternating magnetic field generating device. The relationship between the magnetic fluid-related properties and the heating power was analyzed according to Rosensweig's theory. After the multiphysics coupling simulation was performed, the electromagnetic field and thermal field distribution in the hyperthermia region were obtained. The results showed that the magnetic field distribution in the treatment area was uniform, and the thermal field distribution met the requirements of hyperthermia. After the magnetic fluid injection, the cholangiocarcinoma tissue warmed up rapidly, and the temperature of tumor tissues could reach above 42 °C, but the surrounding healthy tissues did not heat up significantly. At the same time, it was verified that the large blood vessels around the bile duct, the overflow of the magnetic fluid, and the eddy current heat had little effect on thermotherapy. The results of this article can provide a reference for the clinical application of magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cholangiocarcinoma.
Cholangiocarcinoma ; Humans ; Hyperthermia ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetics

To scientifically evaluate the intervention effect of Chinese medicine preventive administration(combined use of Huo-xiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) on community population in the case of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), a large cohort, prospective, randomized, and parallel-controlled clinical study was conducted. Total 22 065 subjects were included and randomly divided into 2 groups. The non-intervention group was given health guidance only, while the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention group was given two coordinated TCM in addition to health guidance. The medical instructions were as follows. Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid: oral before meals, 10 mL/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days. Jinhao Jiere Granules: dissolve in boiling water and take after meals, 8 g/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days, followed up for 14 days, respectively. The study found that with the intake of medication, the incidence rate of TCM intervention group was basically maintained at a low and continuous stable level(0.01%-0.02%), while the non-intervention group showed an overall trend of continuous growth(0.02%-0.18%) from 3 to 14 days. No suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case occurred in either group. There were 2 cases of colds in the TCM intervention group and 26 cases in the non-intervention group. The incidence of colds in the TCM intervention group was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in the non-intervention group. In the population of 16-60 years old, the incidence rate of non-intervention and intervention groups were 0.01% and 0.25%, respectively. The difference of colds incidence between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). In the population older than 60 years old, they were 0.04% and 0.21%, respectively. The incidence of colds in the non-intervention group was higher than that in the intervention group, but not reaching statistical difference. The protection rate of TCM for the whole population was 91.8%, especially for the population of age 16-60(95.0%). It was suggested that TCM intervention(combined use of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) could effectively protect community residents against respiratory diseases, such as colds, which was worthy of promotion in the community. In addition, in terms of safety, the incidence of adverse events and adverse reactions in the TCM intervention group was relatively low, which was basically consistent with the drug instructions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult