For the perioperation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the local corticosteroid nasal spray, hormone and antibiotics oral treatment are mainly used in modern medicine. Oral treatment decoction, nasal spray and traditional Chinese medicine lavage and so on which are the combinations of internal and external treatment are used in TCM therapy. This article reviewed the use of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the perioperation of CRS, and provided references for standardization of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy for treating CRS.

Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) has become the first-tier testing for chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variations (CNV). This review described the clinical validation of CMA, the development and updating of technical standards and guidelines and their diagnostic impacts. The main focuses were on the development and updating of expert consensus, practice resources, and a series of technical standards and guidelines through systematic review of case series with CMA application in the literature. Expert consensus and practice resource supported the use of CMA as the first-tier testing for detecting chromosomal abnormalities and CNV in developmental and intellectual disabilities, multiple congenital anomalies and autism. The standards and guidelines have been applied to pre- and postnatal testing for constitutional CNV and tumor testing for acquired CNV. CMA has significantly improved the diagnostic yields but still needs to overcome its technical limitations and face challenges of new technologies. Guiding and governing CMA through expert consensus, practice resource, standards and guidelines in the United States has provided effective and safe diagnostic services to patients and their families, reliable diagnosis on related genetic diseases for clinical database and basic research, and references for clinical translation of new technologies.
Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Developmental Disabilities/genetics* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Microarray Analysis ; United States

Certification ; Genetics, Medical ; Genomics ; United States