According to the difference of menstrual quantity, color, quality and the symptoms, we can distinguish two types of menstrual disorders: hemorrhagic and impotency disorders. In this paper, we summarized the clinical progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating menstrual disorders from the following areas: the flexible use of Chinese patent medicine, treatment based on syndrome differentiation and syndrome, the recognize of the artificial cycle in modern medicine, and non-drug therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of elastics drawing off balloon catheter for 24 hours on preventing bleeding after transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKRP).Methods Seven hundred patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TUPKRP in the Eighth People's Hospital of Shanghai from Jan.2005 to Jun.2013 were randomly divided into control group (298 cases) and experiment group (402 cases).Patients in control group after transurethral resection of the bladder were given treatment as follow:the bladder was placed with F22 cavity catheter,which were fixed on the medial femoral traction;prostate wound edge was pressed for 2-3 d and saline continuous irrigated bladder for avoiding infection.Patients in experiment group were given the same treatment with control group beside prostate wound pressed for 24 h.The days (1st,3rd,5th) of bleeding after operation,cases of hematuria turn clear,cases of postoperative blood transfusion and operation bleeding were recorded.Results Cases of hematuria disappeared postoperation at 1 st,3rd,5th days after operation were 52,42,24 cases in control group and 34,22,10 cases in experiment group.The differences were significant(x2 =6.608,9.279,7.624 ;P =0.010,0.002,0.006).Cases of blood transfusion and reoperation in experiment group were 6 and 2 cases,lower than that in control group(15,9 cases ; x2 =4.955,5.264 ; P =0.026,0.022).Conclusion The method of elastics drawing off balloon catheter for 24 hours improved the effect of preventing bleeding after TUPKRP.

Objective To study the influence and solution of pseudothrom bocytopenia (PTCP) caused by anticoagulant EDTA-K2.Methods Sysmex-2100 hematology analyzer was used to analyze PTCP-positive patients' blood samples,count the platelet in samples anticoagulant with EDTA-K2,sodium citrate and heparin,and used the manual counting methods.Results Platelets counts in anticoagulant bood by EDTA-K2 was significantly lower than anticoagulant bood by sodium citrate and heparin.Lots of aggregated platelets were appeared in the EDTA-K2 anticoagulant samples stained by Wright-Giemsa,while there was no aggregated platelets observed in sodium citrate anticoagulant samples and heparin anticoagulant samples.Conclusion Platelet aggregation in patients with PTCP causes patelet counts false reducation.The patients with PTCP is determined by measuring the whole blood (no anticoagulant)by automatic hematology analyzer immediately or manual couting method.

Objective To investigate the minimal invasive management of cystitis glandularis with invasion of the ureteric meatus.Methods The clinical data of 18 cases were reviewed.Among the 18 cystitis glandularis patients,12 cases were invasion of bilateral ureteric meatus and 6 of unilateral ureteric meatus.Operation or drug treatment was performed on the diseases that can cause cystitis glandularis such as bladder stone,bladder neck stegnosis,external urethral meatus stegnosis and benign prostate hyperplasia.Sensitive antibiotic was administrated in all cases.After placing ureter catheter,transurethral plasma electro-resection was carried out in five patients whose ureteric meatus could be identified.In addition,of thirteen patients with ureteral orifice unable to be identified,there were ten cases with normal renal function,mitomycin was injected under affected membrana mucosa,and then the patient with ureteral orifice identified underwent transurethral plasma electro-resection after placing ureter catheter.On the other hand,the patient whose ureteral orifice still could not be recognized undertaken transurethral electro-resection at first,during which the ureter catheter was put once ureteral orifice had been detected,otherwise,the ureter catheter should be placed through cystoscope if nephritic colic emerged and hydronephrosis aggravated after operation.In those patients with kidney dysfunction,the ureter catheter was put by ureter discission or ureter replantation at first,the transurethral electro-resection could not be executed until the renal function recovered.Following all these procedure above,bladder instillation of drugs regularly,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment were administrated.Results One patient combined with bladder adenocarcinoma received cystectomy,of the other patients,six cases recurred and underwent electrotomy again resulting in no relapse.All nephrohydrops vanished or relieved obviously,nevertheless,urinary tract infection,haematuria and bladder-ureter backstreaming as the cardinal complication developed in some cases.Conclusion In the management of cystitis glandularis encroaching ureteric meatus,total or partial cystectomy can be avoided if ureter draining freely can be ensured,motivation removal,antiinfection,injection of drug under mucosa and preoperative diuresis conduce to the achievement of ureter catheter placing,transurethral plasma electro-resection is still effective methods in treating these cystitis glandularis.

Objective To observe the effects of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells ( CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg) on the airway inflammation of asthmatic rats. Methods CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg of OVA- immune tolerance rats were transferred to asthmatic rats. Then bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and cytology study was conducted. The IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and OVA-specific serum IgE level in BALF were determined by ELISA. The lung tissue was obtained, and histologieal analysis was done through H. E. Results Total cells number, the percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF, the IL-4 and IL-5 BALF levels and the OVA-specific serum IgE level of adoptive transfer group were decreased ( P < 0.05 ) , and the percentage of eosinophils ( Eos) was significantly lower than that of asthma group ( P < 0.01) , while its BALF IFN-γ level was higher than that of asthma group( P <0. 05). Compared with that of asthma group, peribronchiole inflammatory of treated group was alleviated. Conclusion CD4 ~+ CD25~+ Treg of OVA- immune tolerance rats transferred to asthmatic rats can significantly alleviate the airway inflammation of asthmatic rats.

Objective To investigate the changes of estrogen receptor expression in mast cells of bronchial mucosa from female asthmatic patients.Methods 12 cases of female asthmatic patients and 9 cases of control female patients were enrolled in this study.The bronchial mucosa was obtained from the third grade bronchial by fiexible bronchofiberscope.Mast cells were marked by anti-mast cell tryptase monoclonal antibody,the expression of estrogen receptor(ER)were detected by anti-human estrogen receptor(ER)monoclonal antibodies.Results Mast cells and estrogen receptor positive cells of bronchial mucosa in female asthmatic patients were significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.01).Coincident with the known features of bronchial asthma,the cells positive for estrogen receptor were morphologically similar to the mast cells.The cells stained for estrogen receptors by dual immunostaining coincided exactly with cells labeled as mast cells.Conclusion The result suggested the estrogen may be involved in the pathogenesis of female asthmatic patient through the changes of estrogen receptor expression in mast cells of bronchial mucosa.

Sixty patients who underwent brain and neck CT angiograpby (CTA) were randomly divided into two groups: conventional protocol group and optimizing protocol group with 30 in each. The images were evaluated by two radiologists independently. The images of optimizing group avoided the artifact disturbance of the brachiocephalic vein effectively and greatly improved the imaging quality of arteria carotis communis and arteria vertebralis initial segment. Compared with the conventional group the differences were statistically significuat(P <0.05). The optimization of 64-MDCT brain and neck CTA is feasible and effective.

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocytes are mostly differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cel s. A suitable medium and cel seeding density have a significant impact on the process of the isolation of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s to obtain oligodendrocytes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimization of oligodendrocyte culture conditions. METHODS:Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s isolated from the newborn rats 48 hours after birth were cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, 8×104 cel s/cm2, 16×104 cel s/cm2, 32×104 cel s/cm2, and 64×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes at 72 hours after cel adhesion. Morphology of differentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were observed under a light microscope, and the differentiation results were identified by immunofluorescence staining after 7-day induced differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were recognized when cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, and 8×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining showed that myelin basic protein-positive cel s were found after 7-day induced differentiation, and the positive cel number were 16.40±3.30, 49.95±2.33, and 76.95±4.86 in DMEM/F12 medium, and 12.65±2.53, 32.10±1.17, and 54.05±1.56 in DMEM/high glucose medium (P<0.05). These findings indicate that DMEM/F12 medium is more suitable for culturing oligodendrocyte precursor cel s compared with DMEM/high glucose medium to some extent. The number of differentiated oligodendrocytes was gradual y increased with the enhanced seeding density of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s, and the seeding densities from 4×104 to 8×104 cel s/cm2 were appropriate for the observation of cel morphology.

Objective To explore the significance of urodynamics detection in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with cerebral vascular accident. Methods The results of urodynamics were detected in 60 BPH patients with cerebral vascular accident (research group) and 60 simple BPH patients (control group), and the results were compared. Results The levels of bladder compliance (BC), maximum bladder capacity (MCC), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), detrusor pressure before voiding (Pdet), maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP), functional urethral length (FUL) in research group were significantly lower than those in control group:(25.0 ± 4.4)ml/cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) vs. (34.0 ± 5.9) ml/cmH2O, (203.0 ± 16.8) ml vs. (256.0 ± 20.3) ml, (6.70 ± 0.25) ml/s vs. (11.10 ± 0.43) ml/s, (81.0 ± 13.6) cmH2O vs. (108.0 ± 20.2) cmH2O, (60.0 ± 9.8) cmH2O vs. (88.0 ± 12.2) cmH2O, (3.0 ± 0.5) cm vs. (5.2 ± 0.8) cm, P < 0.05. The level of postvoid residual volume (PRV) in research group was significantly higher than that in control group:(83.0 ± 9.4) ml vs. (48.0 ± 8.3) ml, P<0.05. The rate of low compliance bladder and unstable bladder in research group were significantly higher than that in control group:63.3%(38/60) vs. 25.0%(15/60), 66.7%(40/60) vs. 28.3%(17/60), P<0.01. Conclusions Cerebral vascular accident can increase the bladder dysfunction of patients with BPH .

Objective To study the influence of post-void residual volume on prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods One hundred and sixty BPH patients who diagnosed by postoperative pathologic manifestations were selected.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to post-void residual volume with 40 cases each:non post-void residual volume (post-void residual volume ＜ 60 ml) group,less post-void residual volume (60 ml≤post-void residual volume ＜ 120 ml) group,middle post-void residual volume (120 ml ≤post-void residual volume ＜ 180 ml) group,mass post-void residual volume (post-void residual volume ≥180 ml) group.The serum PSA levels of 4 groups were observed.Results The PSA level in mass post-void residual volume group [(8.52 ± 6.72) iμ g/L] was significantly higher than that in non post-void residual volume group [(5.26 ± 4.16) μ g/L] and less post-void residual volume group [(5.93 ± 5.20) μ g/L],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05),there was no statistical difference between non post-void residual volume group and less post-void residual volume group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The serum PSA level in BPH patients with non post-void residual volume has no change,while the serum PSA level in BPH patients with mass post-void residual volume is significantly elevated.