Objective To investigate the Tiaogan Yunpi Decoction on the region of interest regional encephalic activation MR signal intensity variation among diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients.Method Adopting self-paired collated method,functional fMRI was used to observe the regional interest MR signal variation of anterior cingulate cortex(ACC),island cortex(IC),prefrontal cortex(PFC),hypothalamus(THAL) before and after the treatment,as well as after the controlled treatment using placebo among 18 diarrhea dominant IBS patients when they were rectum stimulated.Results After the treatment,when the injected gas reached 90 mL,the change of MR signal variation of IC was signifycantly decreased compared with that before the treatment(P

BACKGROUND:At present, the clinical application of intramedul ary nail in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures has achieved good results. However reamed and unreamed intramedul ary nail in repair of tibial fractures in adults remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of reamed versus unreamed intramedul ary nailing for the treatment of tibial fractures in adults. METHODS:The literature related to application of reamed or unreamed intramedul ary nailing for tibial fractures published from 1980 to 2015 were searched from Springer, PubMed, and Wanfang database. Related Chinese and English journals of orthopedics were hand-searched. Al randomized control ed trials were col ected. RevMan5.0 provided by Cochrane was used to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Seven randomized control ed trials were included according to inclusion criteria, including 1 331 patients. There were 682 cases in the reamed intramedul ary nailing group and 649 cases in the unreamed intramedul ary nailing group. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the reamed intramedul ary nailing group, implant failure rate was significantly higher in the unreamed intramedul ary nailing group [MD=0.37, 95%CI (0.24, 0.57), P<0.000 01], and nonunion rate was significantly higher [MD=0.54, 95%CI (0.31, 0.93), P=0.03]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of compartment syndrome, the rate of malunion and postoperative infection rate. Results suggested that no difference in the incidence of compartment syndrome, the rate of malunion and postoperative infection rate was found in reamed and unreamed intramedul ary nailing in the repair of adult tibial fractures. Reamed intramedul ary nailing has advantages of low implant failure rate and nonunion rate.

Objective To evaluate the effect of open reduction and multi-dimensional several pin fixation of Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar fractures with late callus formation in children.Methods The study involved 37 children of Gartland type m supracondylar fractures with late callus formation undergone posteromedial elbow incision,open reduction via bilateral triceps sparing approach,several K-wire internal fixation and early functional rehabilitation from May 2009 to May 2011.There were 23 males and 14 females at 3-13 years of age (mean,7 years).Postoperative results were evaluated according to Flynn standard.Mean 9.5 months of follow-up was made.Results The results were excellent in 28 cases,good in five,fair in two and poor in two.No serious complications occurred after operation.Conclusion Open reduction and multi-dimensional several K-wire fixation is an effective treatment for Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar fractures with late callus formation in children and hence provides a choice for clinical use.

Objective To detect the FHIT gene promoter methylation and protein expression in mycosis fungoides(MF).Methods Tissue specimens were collected from 48 patients with MF and 18 normal human controls.FHIT protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry,and methylation status of FHIT gene by methylation-specific PCR.Results Abnormal methylation of FHIT gene was found in 26(54.2%)out of the 48 specimens.Thirty(63.5%)specimens of MF were negative for FHIT protein,which was observed in all the control specimens.The promoter methylation of FHIT was closely correlated with the protein expression of FHIT,but unrelated to the sex of,tumor staging or lymph node metastasis in patients with MF.Conclusion The FHIT gene promoter methylation may contribute to the inactivation and abnormal expression of FHIT protein in MF.

Objective To analyze imaging findings of IPH and to study the correlation between the HRCT findings and the pulmonary function of IPH.Methods The information of 15 children with IPH were reviewed.Results The X-ray findings of IPH included ground glass opacity(n=9),exudative shadows(n=10),reticulonodular shadows(n=7),nodular shadows(n=6).The HRCT signs included abnormal bronchovascular bundles(n=12),ground glass opacity(n=12),exudative shadows ( n=11 ) ,disseminated micronodular shadows ( n=8 ) , thickened pulmonary lobular septa ( n=9 ) . The correlation between ground glass opacity and pulmonary function was 0.5394 ( P=0.134); The correlation between thickened pulmonary lobular septa and the pulmonary function was 0.9963(P=0.0001).Conclusion The HRCT examination is better than the X-ray examination. The positive correlation between thickened pulmonary lobular septa and pulmonary function change is significant,it is beneficial to estimate the damage of the palmonary.

As the major pathway mediating specific protein degradation in eukaryotes, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell cycle regulation, immune response, signal transduction and DNA-repair. Deubiquitinases (DUB) maintain the balance of UPS and related physiological processes via reversibly removing ubiquitin from the covalently modified protein substrates, which have been implicated in various disease processes in case of their imbalance expression. Because DUB plays critical regulating roles in the UPS pathway, they may be also the ideal drug targets for severe and intractable human diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disease. With the rapid development of proteomic technology, systematical investigation of specific substrates and interacting proteins of varied DUB via mass spectrometry approach may shed light on these DUB's biological function and regulating roles in the physiological and pathogenic states. In this review, we briefly introduce the characteristics of DUB and summarize the recent application and progresses of proteomics in DUB research.
Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the neurological function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) rats after the transplantation of neural stem cells which are directly differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and to investigate the suitable engraftment time.Methods The BMSC at 3rd passage were differentiated into neural stem cells (NSC), and immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the NSC. The oriented-induced cells were labeled with Brdu 3 days before they were transplanted, and they were slowly injected into the injured site of the SCI rats. The SCI rats were randomly divided into group Ⅰ (transplantation at first week postinjury), group Ⅱ (transplantation at 2nd week postinjury) and control group (the operation was the same as group Ⅰ, but the cell suspension was replaced by the equal volume of normal saline). The BBB scores after transplantation were recorded. The distribution and differentiation of transplanted cells were observed by using immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against Brdu combined with Nestion and Brdu combined with NF200. NF200 immunofluorescence staining was used to show the regeneration of nerve fibers. The pathological changes of the injured site were observed by HE staining.Results The nestin expression was positive after the BMSC were differentiated for 3 days, and if the induced spherical cells were cultured continuously, the different levels of NF200 and GFAP were found. BBB scores in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.05), especially in group Ⅰ. The immunofluorescence showed that a large number of Brdu and Nestin double-positive cells and some Brdu and NF200 double-positive cells filled the injured site and linked the two sides of the injured area in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, and the lesion area of the spinal cord was reduced as compared with control group (P<0.05). More importantly, further reduction in lesion area and improvement in neurological function were observed in group Ⅰ.Conclusion The BMSC can be differentiated into NSC. The transplantation of the NSC could effectively promote the nerve function recovery after SCI, and the effect of transplantation at first week postinjury was better than at 2nd week postinjury.

Objective To observe the differential gene expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line with different radiosensitivity by cDNA microarray analysis. Methods A radioresistant cell line, CNE-2R, was established from a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells line CNE-2 by repeated X-ray irradiation. The differential gene expression of CNE-2 and CNE-2R was screened with cDNA microarray by BioStarH-141s profile gene chip. Results There were expressed 308 genes to be screened out between CNE-2R cell line with different radiosensitivity and its parental CNE-2 cell line, while 176 up-regulated genes in CNE-2R cells and 132 down-regulated genes were found. In them, there were 40 up-regulated ones and 36 down-regulated ones whose ratios were higher than 6.0 or lower than 0.1. The different genes included DNA damage- and repair-related genes; cell cycle-related and cytoskeleton-related proteins; and apoptosis-related genes. Conclusion The radioresistant CNE-2R cells were isolated from the CNE-2 cell line by repeated X-ray irradiation. The stable radioresistance is the result of co-effect by polygene and multiple factors, which provide several gene targets to sensitize the radioresistant cells for improving the radiocurability of NPC.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of L-carnitine on high glucose-induced apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and the molecular mechanisms.METHODS: The apoptosis of HAECs was induced by high-glucose incubation.HAECs were treated with L-carnitine at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 μmol/L).The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry.Colorimetric method was employed to detect the caspase-3 activity in the HAECs.The protein expression and phosphorylation levels were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: High-glucose incubation dramatically decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis.The protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways of endoplasmic reticulum stress were activated to induce cell apoptosis via down-stream caspase-4/3 cascade.However, L-carnitine treatment significantly attenuated the cell apoptosis and increased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.L-carnitine also significantly suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress and ATF6 signaling in high glucose-incubated HAECs without attenuating PERK and IRE1 signaling.The expression of site-1 protease (S1P) and site-2 protease (S2P) was inhibited by L-carnitine treatment, thus decreasing pro-apoptotic factor ATF6 p50 produced by ATF6 cleavage.CONCLUSION: L-carnitine inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis of HAECs by inhibiting ATF6 signaling.

BACKGROUND:At present, it remains controversial whether open reduction plate fixation is needed for distal radius fracture in the elderly to restore anatomic reduction of imaging.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y evaluate the curative effects of operative and nonoperative treatments for distal radius fractures in the elderly.
METHODS:We retrieved PubMed, Springer and Wanfang database using computer. Relevant English and Chinese journals of orthopedics were retrieved by hand. Al literatures on curative effects of operative and nonoperative treatments for distal radius fractures in the elderly were col ected. RevMan 5.0 software provided by Cochrane was used to statistical y analyze the data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six literatures were included, including two of randomized control ed study and four of retrospective cohort study. Meta-analysis results displayed that there were no significant differences in both groups in range of motion of wrist joint extension [mean difference (MD)=-0.87, 95%confidence interval (CI) (-3.31, 1.58), P=0.49], range of motion of wrist joint flexion [MD=-2.79, 95%CI(-6.47, 0.88), P=0.14], range of motion of wrist pronation [MD=-0.08, 95%CI(-1.49, 1.64), P=0.92], range of motion of supination [MD=-0.7, 95%CI(-3.52, 2.12), P=0.63] and the occurrence of complication [MD=1.35, 95%CI(0.71, 2.56), P=0.36]. The length of radius in the surgery group was similar to that of normal [MD=2.46, 95%CI(1.78, 3.15), P<0.01]. Ulnar inclination [MD=3.73, 95%CI(2.97, 4.48), P<0.000 01] and palmar tilt angle [MD=6.81, 95%CI(3.72, 9.90), P<0. 000 1] in the surgery group were close to that of normal. There are no significant differences in extension, flexion, pronation and supination activities of wrist and posttreatment complication between two groups. Operative treatment result is superior to that of nonoperative treatment in anatomic reduction.