Fluid therapy plays a quite important role in peri-operation period,however,conventional measurements are not sensitive to hypovolemia.Goal directed fluid therapy( GDT),which is based on balance of oxygen delivery and consumption,can achieve the aim of fluid therapy more efficiently.Many RCTs have proven that GDT could reduce morbidity,shorten hospital time of high risk surgical patients,therefore,it is a beneficial work.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of IL-1? on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (PCRH).MethodsUsing PCRH of Wistar rats, the cytotoxicity of IL-1? (LDH release), the influence of IL-1? on cell proliferation and cellular energy metabolism (intracellular ATP content and KBR) were observed.ResultsIL-1? significantly increased LDH release on all 6 culture conditions with LDH activities of 22?2,25?4,18?5,12?4,15?5 and 11?4, in individual controls compared with 36?3,43?5,34?6,31?4,31?5 and 22?3,in individual IL-1? treated groups, all P

Objective To investigate effects of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist Losartan on the expression of TGF ? 1mRNA in rats with cirrhosis and the mechanism.Method Forty one male SD rats were divided into normal control ( n =10), cirrhotic control ( n =11), and Losartan treated cirrhotics ( n =20) with Losartan (10?mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) treatment started on the first day along with CCl 4 administration and on the 5th week, respectively.Expression of TGF ? 1 mRNA was examined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).The expression of TGF ? 1 protein was assayed with immunochemistry.Result Expression of TGF ? 1 mRNA and TGF ? 1 protein were up regulated in rats with cirrhosis (from 0 93?0 05 to 1 94?0 13, compared with the normal rats P

Objective To investigate the effect of L osartan, an angiotensin Ⅱ type receptor antagonist, on vascular endothelial gro wt h factor (VEGF) expression. Method Ｚ Liver cirrhosis was in duced by oral intake of 50% CCl4 at a dosage of 3?ml?kg-1?d- 1ⅹ 9 weeks in SD rats. In Losartan group,rats were given Losartan orally. Exp r ession of VEGFmRNA was examined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reac tion (RT-PCR) and the expression of VEprotein was assayed by immunohistochem istry. Result VEGF was highly e xpressed in cirrhotic group compared with control group (0.77?0.10 vs 1.94? 0.20, P=0.001) . In losartan treatment group, VEGF mRNA expression decreas ed to 1.02?0.1 and 0.86?0.15（P=0.001）. Concl usion Expression of VEGF increased in cirrhosis, Losartan inhibited this eff ect.

Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of the breast is an effective means of distinguishing malignant from benign,and the aspirated sample collections techniques is the primary and key part of fine needle aspiration.Fine needle aspiration cell block has been improved and used on preoperative breast cancer molecular portraits.This paper will provide an introduction to application of specimens collection techniques,application and development of fine needle aspiration cell block on preoperative breast cancer molecular portraits.

Breast calcification is a specific sign of nonpalpable early breast cancer,the accurate localization and biopsy can obviously improve the diagnosis rate of early breast cancer,and imaging-guided needle localization is the premise of accurate biopsy of breast calcification.As the recommended guidance,mammography-guided localization and biopsy has certain limitations in localizing and biopsying breast calcification,however,high-resolution uhrasound makes it possible to localize the nonpalpable calcification in breast,and which has a certain advantage.

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet activating factor on the proliferation of cultured hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Methods LX-2 cell line was chosen as the study model of the activated hepatic stellate cells. MTT colo- rimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HSCs. Cell cycle was evaluated by ways of flow cytometry with PI staining and BrdU incorporation.Results OD_(492) value of PAF groups at concentration from (1 × 10~(-8)-1 × 10~(-3) mol/L), were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). OD_(492) value of PAF (1×10~(-6)) + PAF-RA × 1 (10~(-7)-1 × 10~(-4)mol/L) groups was less than that of PAF (1 ×10~(-6)mol/L) group (P<0.05). S% and PrI of PAF groups increased significantly. Conclusion PAF can increase the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in a dose-dependent manner while PAF receptor antagonist reduces the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells induced by PAF.

Objective To investigate the different effect of exogenous leptin on estrogen receptor α,β mRNA in human breast tumor tissue in nude mice xenograft models. Methods We made nude mice xenograft models of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells cultured in vitro, then divided them into experimental group of]eptin( n = 30)and control group of normal saline( n = 30)randomly. The models of experimental group were injected subcutaneously the recombinant human leptin for 15 consecutive days, the models of control group were injected subcutaneously the same dose of normal saline. A real- time quantitative RT- PCR assay was developed to quantify the expression of estrogen receptor α, β mRNA in tumor tissue, using the relative quantitative analysis. Results The leptin-intervened nude mice xenograft models were safely established. The relative quantitation of estrogen receptor α mRNA was significantly higher in the leptin group than in the normal saline group ( P ＜ 0.01 ), the relative quantitation of estrogen receptor β mRNA was significantly lower in the leptin group than in the normal saline group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The nude mice xenograft models can be safely intervened with human leptin by subcutaneous injection around tumor.Estrogen receptor is one of the targets of leptin in the progress of breast cancer. Exogenous human leptin can up- regulate the expression of estrogen receptor α and down- regulate the expression of the estrogen receptor βin nude mice xenograft models of human breast tumor.

Objective This study aimed to establish a prediction system of lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer patients,to facilitate guiding the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.Method s We analyzed 255 cases of gastric cancer from January 2005 to December 2009 in Beijing Friendship Hospital.They all had surgery or palliative gastrectomy and then examined pathological lymph node metastasis.Their gender,age,preoperative weight loss,anemia,pyloric obstruction,chronic disease history,family history,tumor location,tumor size,higher preoperative CEA,preoperative tumor markers (CEA,AFP,CA199,CA125)elevationed (one or more),preoperative choline esterase,preoperative albumin,preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative platelet and preoperative urinary protein were made Logistic regression analysis.Results The combination of preoperative tumor size,higher tumor markers (CEA,AFP,CA199,CA125) in one or more was possible for lymph node metastasis prediction.The area under ROC curve was about 100%,Showing high discriminant ability.Conclusions The tumor size and preoperative tumor markers (CEA,AFP,CA199,CA125) are important predictive parameters for lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.Tumor size combined with the preoperative tumor markers (CEA,AFP,CA199,CA125) predicting lymph node metastasis can help us to carry out other work,such as neoadjuvant therapy,etc.

Objective To study the clinic-pathological features,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of solid-pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas.Methods A retrospective clinical and pathological analysis was made on 10 patients(1 ∶ 4),admitted from January 2003 to December 2011.There were 2 male and 8 female patients,aging from 16 to 65 years with a mean of 32.6 years.Results The main symptom was mild abdominal pain (4/10).B-US,CT,MRI demonstrated that all tumors were located in pancreas (3 cases at the head,1 case at the neck,and the others at the body and tail),and well circumscribed,contained some degree of cystic degeneration.All the 10 patients had curative resections including,3 patients received standard duodenopancreatectomy,1 patients received tumor resection and pancreaticojejunostomy,2 patients received distal pancreatectomy,and 4 patients received distal pancreatectomy plus splenectomy.The specimens appeared as solid (3/10) or solid and cystic(7/10),and the biggest tumor diameter was between 3.3-14.0 cm with an average about 5.91 cm.Immunohistogically,the tumors were positive for Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE,9/9)、Vimentin (9/9),CD56(7/7),Synaptophysin (Syn,5/8),Progesterone Receptor (PR,5/6),CD10 (4/6),Chromogranin A (1/4).Totally 10 cases were followed up with a average period of 36.6 months without tumor recurrence.Conclusions Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas is a rare tumor with low grade malignancy.Accurate diagnosis was difficult before operations.Surgical resection is recommended as the main treatment,and the prognosis is good.