OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) isolates in Staphylococcus auricularis and S. hominis and detect their drug resistance. METHODS MRS isolates were detected by cefoxitin disc test and susceptibilities were tested by agar dilution method. RESULTS 94.7% and 91.7% MRS isolates were in S. auricularis and S. hominis. MRS strains were resistant to most of antimicrobial agents. There were no isolates resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin. CONCLUSIONS MRS isolates are highly prevalent in S. auricularis and S. hominis with resistance to most of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotics resistance in blood culture isolates.Methods The clinical isolates of blood specimens from patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2004 to 2006 were identified anti the drug resistance to antimierobial agents was tested.The results were analyzed and compared with those during 1986 to 1998.Results A total of 576 strains were isolated from 6203 blood specimens,among which gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli account for 57.8%(333/576)and 31.4%(181/576),respectively.The frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,hemolytic Streptococcus viridans,Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi.The methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci(MRCNS)accounted for 78.3%(155/198).Gram negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin.Conclusions The incidence of bloodstream infections caused by MRCNS,gram negative bacilli producing ESBLs and fungi are increasing.The clinical isolates from blood have hish resistance to the first line antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the profile and antibiotic resistance of bacteria in patients with ascites infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in order to provide a reference for rational clinical use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The bacteria isolated from ascetic fluid patients admitted from January 1st, 2004 to October 31st, 2015 to ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were identified, and their susceptibility to antibiotics was analyzed. Patients, who were admitted from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2009 were assigned to group A, and patients admitted afterwards were assigned to group B. Results A total of 637 specimens of ascetic fluid were examined, with 185 positive culture (29.0%) during the 12 years, and 203 strains of bacteria were found. Among them 126 strains (62.1%) of gram-negative bacteria (G-), 54 (26.6%) of gram-positive bacteria (G+) and 23 (11.3%) strains of fungi were found. Compared the result of group B with that of group A, the proportion of G- bacteria was increased [71.2% (99/139) vs. 44.2% (27/64)], and that of G+ decreased [17.3% (24/139) vs. 46.9% (30/64)] in group B. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.34, P = 0.001). The main pathogenic bacteria were G-, and Enterobacteriaceae was the most common pathogenic bacteria in intra-abdominal infection of ICU patients. The isolation rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae(35.7%, 10.3%) ranked in the first and third in G- bacteria, respectively. The resistant rate of Escherichia coli against penicillin and third generation cephalosporin were > 95.0% and > 73.3%, and it showed a sensitive rate of 70% to β-lactam/inhibitor, amikacin and minocycline, and a higher sensitivity to carbapenems and tigecycline (11.1%, 0). Forty-eight strains of non-fermentation bacteria were found with a rate of 23.7%. The positive rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in groups A and B were 7.8% (5/64) and 23.7% (33/139), respectively, and they ranked first among non-fermentation bacteria. Twenty strains (62.5%) multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were found. Acinetobacter baumannii showed a resistance rate of 84.6% to cefoperazone/sulbactam, 35.3% to minocycline, and 53.3% to tigecycline. Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated fungus in intra-abdominal infections (87.5%). No strains resistant to common antifungal drugs were isolated. Conclusions G- bacteria was the main pathogen in intra-abdominal infection in patients with ascites. Non-fermenters showed an increasing trend of producing infection, and the proportion of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection increased year by year, and more attention should be taken by attending doctors.

Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 8 family is a group of newly discovered proteins induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. This protein family owns four highly homologous members:TIPE, TIPE1, TIPE2, TIPE3. With the deepening of the research, we found that TNFAIP8 family plays an important role in cell apoptosis, signal transduction, invasion and metastasis of tumor cell proliferation. This paper reviews the structure, mechanism, and biological function of the TNFAIP8 family.

Objective:To investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of liver cancer cell-derived secretory autophagosomes, extracellular vesicles expressing LC3B (LC3B + EVs), in promoting the exhaustion of CD8 + T cells. Methods:The proportions of LC3B + EVs and PD-1 + CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood and ascites of liver cancer patients were measured by flow cytometry. Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the proportions of LC3B + EVs and PD-1 + CD8 + T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were treated with LC3B + EVs or heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) blocking antibody-pretreated LC3B + EVs for 72 h in the presence of αCD3/CD28 antibodies and IL-2 in vitro. The proportions of PD-1 + CD8 + T and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells and the concentrations of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the supernatants were all detected by flow cytometry. Results:The proportions of LC3B + EVs and HSP90α + LC3B + EVs in plasma and ascites from liver cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy control group and non-cancerous ascites group. The level of plasma LC3B + EVs, especially HSP90α + LC3B + EVs, was significantly correlated with the percentage of exhausted PD-1 + CD8 + T cells. In addition, LC3B + EVs from human liver cancer cells up-regulated the percentage of exhausted CD8 + T cells in vitro. However, LC3B + EVs pretreated with HSP90α blocking antibody could significantly inhibit LC3B + EVs-induced CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Conclusions:Liver cancer cell-derived LC3B + EVs could effectively induce CD8 + T cell exhaustion mainly through the membrane-bound HSP90α.

Objective: To study the clinical reference pulpal blood flow(PBF) values detected by laser doppler flowmetry(LDF) in healthy young population and to analyze their possible affected factors. Methods: Undergraduate students at the age of 17-23 years were enrolled. PBF of 12-22 were detected by LDF based on the standard procedure. Difference of the test results between different sex was analyzed by T test and variance homogeneity test, and the correlation with age was analyzed by the chi-square test, and the difference between the different teeth was analyzed by the random group analysis. Results: 400 students(250 males and 150 females with the average age of 19. 83 years) met the inclusion criteria. The clinical reference values of PBF of different anterior teeth were obtained by the detection of LDF. For the same tooth, PBF values of females were higher than that of males (P＜ 0. 05). PBF values of different ages shared no statistical significance(P＞ 0. 05). For the same gender, PBF values of middle incisor were higher than that of lateral incisors(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: The determination of the clinical reference values of PBF detected by LDF may promote the clinical use of this technology.