Objective:To systematically review the application of prone position ventilation in pediatric patients with hypoxemia following extracorporeal cardiac surgery.Methods:A scoping review methodology was adopted. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched for relevant studies on the use of prone position ventilation in pediatric patients post-extracorporeal cardiac surgery. The search was conducted from the establishment of the databases until August 31, 2022. After literature screening and data extraction, research results were summarized.Results:Nine studies were ultimately included. Intervening factors in the application process of prone position ventilation included intervention timing, head-of-bed elevation angle, frequency and duration, and pediatric patient positioning. All nine studies reported positive outcomes; three articles reported associated complications.Conclusions:The timing of intervention, the angle of head-of-bed elevation, frequency and duration, patient positioning of prone position ventilation in pediatric patients with hypoxemia after extracorporeal cardiac surgery have not yet been standardized. Future high-quality research is required to further explore these intervention factors, offering references for the standardized and effective clinical application of prone position ventilation.