Objective To assess the relationship between ambulatory pulse pressure (PP),pulse pressure indices (PPI) and the severity of cognitive function.Methods Sixty patients with severe,moderate,mild vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) as the research object,and forty healthy people as control group.All of the patients of ambulatory blood pressure were monitored.Results Severe VCI group of PP and PPI was significantly higher than moderate,mild VCI group and the control group (PP (mmHg):(59.10 ± 11.82,54.94 ± 10.86,50.28 ±8.33,45.54±9.22,P＜0.05),PPI:(0.61±0.08,0.53±0.06,0.44±0.05,0.37±0.03,P＜0.05),and the MMSE score was significantly lower than moderate,mild,and the control group(15.56±2.64,19.32±3.32,22.62±3.11,26.45±2.94,P＜0.05).Moderate VCI group of PP and PPI was significantly higher than the control group(P＜0.05).MMSE score was significantly lower than mild VCI and the control group(P＜0.05).Linear correlation analysis showed that PP and PPI was significantly negative related to MMSE score.Conclusion The increase of dynamic pulse pressure,pulse pressure index is associated with the damage of cognitive function.

Sodium pyridinethione, in vitro, possesses a significant inhibitory effect on human tumor cell strains, such as Hela, CNE-2 and Raji cell strain. In vivo, it has not inhibitory effect on the transplanted tumors, such as S180, LLC and EC, but significantly enhance the inhibitory effects of 5-Fu on S180.Sodium pyridinethione markedly decreases the weight of spleen and thymus, and serum hemolysins reaction induced by SRBC in mice and skin delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by DNCB in guinea pigs It also inhibits lyphocyte transformation induced by PHA. All these effects are shown clear dose-response relationship. Our experiments showed that sodium pyridinethion is a new antitumor and immuno-inhibitory compound.

To investigate the effect of C/EBP βon the neuroinflammation.Recently,neuroinflamma-tion research mainly focused on C/EBP β,more and more researches indicated that C/EBP βmay play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases.We searched the published papers in PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases in June 2015.The key words were used asCCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,Neu-ron,Neuroinflammationand so on.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summaried and analyzed the literatures.Eventually,42 articles were adapted,most of which were foused on the functions and mechanisms of C/EBP βin neuroinflammation.C/EBP βparticipate in multiple signaling pathways of neu-roinflammation,and the regulation mechanism is complicated.Abrogation of C/EBPβexpression or its down-regulation by gene regulation may may serve as a therapeutic target to attenuate deleterious effects in neural tissue and ultimately prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and neural mechanisms of visual attention dysfunction in patients with hypertension using the event related potentials(ERPs).Methods Visual Oddball pattern was adopted to analyze P3a and P3b components of 15 essential hypertensives and 15 normotensives,and all the participants were submitted to cognitive assessment by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).Results ①Novelty stimulus:the mean amplitude of N2 in hypertensive patients ((1.56± 1.15) μV) was decreased than normal controls ((-2.19±1.15) μV,P＜0.05),particularly at forehead-central sites (P＜0.05).In addition,the amplitude of P3a of hypertensive patients ((6.27± 1.01) μV) was different from normal controls ((7.09± 1.01) μV),but there was no statistical significance(P＞0.05).The latency of visual P3a was significantly longer in patients with hypertension group ((432.83 ± 8.22) ms) than that in control group ((403.10 ± 8.22) ms,P＞ 0.05).②Target stimulus:compared with control group ((6.75 ±0.90)μV),visual P3b amplitude in hypertension group ((4.08 ± 0.90) μV) was significantly declined (P＜ 0.05).Besides,the latency of visual P3b of hypertensive patients ((440.70 ± 6.42) ms) was different from normal controls ((436.91±6.42) ms),but there was no statistical significance(P＞0.05).③Compared with control group (27.31± 1.22),the M MSE score of patients with hypertension (24.55±2.42) was decreased (P＜0.05).The amplitude of visual P3b was positively correlated with MMSE scores in parietal region(r=0.51,P＜0.05).Conclusions The abilities of visual involuntary attention and voluntary attention are damaged in patients with hypertension,the impact degree of hypertension on two kinds of attention and the neural mechanisms are different.Moreover,there is a significant positive correlation between the amplitude of visual P3b and MMSE,which prompts that visual P3b for clinical early assessment of attention in patients with hypertension provides more objective neurophysiological basis.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and vascular dementia, which brings heavy burden to families and society. The prevention and treatment of CSVD has always been a research hotspot, but its pathogenesis is still not completely clear. This article reviews the pathogenesis of CSVD, including chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vascular endothelial dysfunction, interstitial fluid reflux disorder, inflammatory response, and genetic factors, in order to provide more sufficient theoretical basis for early intervention and treatment of CSVD.

Objective To study the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and cognitive impairment in community elderly residents.Methods A total of ≥60 years old 1223 people were divided into normal fasting glucose (NFG) group (n=981) and IFG group (n=242).Their baseline data were recorded,their cognitive function was assessed according to the MMSE score.Results The education level,BMI,serum FBG,TG,LDL-C levels,incidence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia were significantly higher while the serum HDL-C level was significantly lower in IFG group than in NFG group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The incidence of cognitive impairment was significantly higher while the score of MMSE,orientation,attention and calculation,immediate recall and language was significantly lower in IFG group than in NFG group (40.50％ vs 21.51％,24.76±5.38 vs 26.60±4.26,9.07±1.81 vs 9.48±1.15,3.39±2.00 vs 3.88±1.81,2.93±0.41 vs 2.98±0.24,6.74±1.51 vs 7.18±1.15,P＜0.01).Age,female sex,LDL-C and IFG were risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly (P＜0.01,P＜0.05) while the education level was a protective factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly (P=0.000).Conclusion IFG is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly.Early diagnosis and intervention can improve cognitive function in the elderly.

Objective To observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with mirror neuronal rehabilitation training system (MNST-V1.0) in post-traumatic unconscious patients after severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A prospective, self controlled and open-label method was used. Thirty-six post-traumatic unconscious patients with severe craniocerebral injury from January 2016 to July 2017 were selected. Four cases of the patients did not complete the treatment and the last 32 cases completed the study. All patients were given routine wake-up therapy, and tDCS combined with MNST-V1.0 (20 min/time, 1 time/d, 6 times/week, a total of 8 weeks) was given at the same time. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS), JFK coma recovery scale and Four coma rating scale before treatment and 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were recorded. Results The scores of open reaction, language and motor response score of GCS 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment:(1.56 ± 0.82), (2.06 ± 1.01) and (3.11 ± 1.45) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.45) scores, (2.23 ± 1.06), (2.56 ± 1.08) and (3.02 ± 1.04) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.61) scores, (2.79 ± 1.12), (3.22 ± 1.33) and (4.44 ± 1.07) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.54) scores, and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜0.05). The scores of hearing, vision, movement, speech response, communication and arousal of JFK coma recovery scale 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01). The scores of open reaction, sport reaction, brainstem response of Four coma rating scale 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05); there was no statistical difference in respiratory score of Four coma rating scale before and after treatment (P＞0.05). Conclusions The tDCS combined with MNST-V1.0 can improve the consciousness level in post-traumatic unconscious patients with severe craniocerebral injury, and have the effect of promoting awakening.

Objective:To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of tirofiban in the treatment of hemiplegic stroke warning syndrome.Methods:Patients with hemiplegic stroke warning syndrome admitted to Jining First People's Hospital without receiving intravenous thrombolysis from January 2018 to May 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. Some patients were given tirofiban intravenous infusion for at least 24 h in acute phase, then received oral antiplatelet therapy (tirofiban group); some only received aspirin+ clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (control group). The primary endpoint was muscle strength at the paralytic side and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at day 7 after onset. The secondary endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months after onset, and ≤2 was defined as good clinical outcome. The safety endpoint was the bleeding events during treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of clinical outcome. Results:A total of 30 patients with hemiplegic stroke warning syndrome were enrolled, including 19 (63.3%) in the tirofiban group and 11 (36.7%) in the control group. There was no significant difference in baseline clinical data between the two groups, and no drug-related bleeding complications occurred during treatment. The muscle strength at paralytic side and NIHSS score at day 7 after onset, NIHSS score at discharge and good clinical outcome rate at 3 months in the tirofiban group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tirofiban was an independent protective factor for good outcome after adjusting the NIHSS score at the beginning of treatment (odds ratio 0.040, 95% confidence interval 0.040-0.449; P=0.009). Conclusions:Tirofiban is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with hemiplegic stroke warning syndrome in acute phase. It can effectively block the progress of the disease, improve the outcome of patients, and will not increase the risk of bleeding.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is an intracranial aneurysm without rupture history or whose wall has not completely broken through by pathological examination.In recent years,studies have found that UIA is closely associated with cognitive impairment.Understanding the relationship between UIA and cognitive impairment and the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment caused by UIA has important significance for clinical diagnosis,efficacy evaluation,and clinical intervention of UIA related cognitive disorders.This article reviews the research progress of the relationship between UIA and cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the effect of neurotrophin-3(NT-3)on the proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in rats and possible mechanisms. Methods The NT-3 overexpression and lentiviral transfection of BMSCs were co-cultured with neuronal cells respectively and then they were divided into overexpression control group,NT-3 transfection group and shRNA-NT-3 transfection group(NT-3 silencing group).MTT assay was used to detect the cell culture for 24 h,48 h and 72 h. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry for 48 h. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of C/EBPβmRNA.The expression of C/EBPβprotein was detected by Western blot. Results MTT results showed that the proliferation ability of BMSCs in the NT-3 overexpres-sion group was significantly higher than that in the control group(0.650±0.042,0.826±0.074)at 48 h and 72 h(P<0.05).Compared with the control group(P<0.05),the cell cycle and apoptosis of BMSCs in NT-3 silencing group were significantly decreased at 48 h and 72 h(P<0.05). The results of 48 h cell cycle and apoptosis showed that the percentage of G1 phase in BMSCs was decreased,G2 and S were increased and the apoptosis was decreased. The percentage of G1 phase in G2-S phase and the increase of apoptosis were in-creased in NT-3 silencing group. The results of Western Blot showed that C/EBPβ mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in BMSCs of NT-3 overexpression group and significantly decreased in NT-3 silencing group(P<0.05).Conclusion NT-3 may promote the expression of C/EBP beta and affect the ex-pression of its downstream target genes,which can inhibit the apoptosis of BMSCs cells.