According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the Standardized Nomenclature of Animal Parasitic Diseases(SNOAPAD),and considering the new advances in parasitology,the usage of the terminology of some parasites and parasitic diseases(such as Trichinella and trichinellosis,filariae and filariasis,Echinococcus and echinococcosis,etc.)was discussed.

Lack of specific symptoms and signs makes clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis difficult. Epidemiological information is important, such as a history of ingesting raw or undercooked meat. An outbreak can be traced to a group of people dining together. Usual manifestations include abdominal pain or diarrhea with general discomfort in the enteric stage, and fever, eyelid or facial edema, muscle pain in acute stage. Complications, such as myocarditis, pneumonia, encephalitis, may develop in severe cases. Eosinophilia appears between 2 and 5 weeks after infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using the excretory-secretory(ES) antigens of the muscle larvae or synthetic tyvelose as antigen is sensitive and specific, the serological method of choice as a screening test. Western blotting is needed to confirm the positive ELISA. Definitive diagnosis depends on the finding of larvae in a muscle biopsy specimen. Albendazole is the drug of choice for its treatment, 20-30 mg/(kg?d), two times daily for 5-7 days. Glucocorticosteroids are given only to severe cases and always be used in combination with albendazole, since they could prolong the intestinal phase of the infection and increase the muscle larval burdens.

0.05),but the cross reaction rate of recombinant Ts21 protein with sera from mice infected with T2,T3,T4 and T7 was considerably lower than that of ES antigens(?2=17.069,P

Objective To study congenital transmission of Trichinella spiralis in mice and observe the protection of anti-Trichinella antibodies from the infected dams to challenge infection. Methods According to the gestation (fertilization), the Kunming mice were divided into two groups: the infected group after gestation and the gestated group after infection. New-born mice were cut into small pieces to separate the larvae within 1 day after birth. One-day-old offspring born to normal dams were nursed by the infected dams, slaughtered after 21 days and examined for the larvae. Serum anti-Trichinella antibody level in offspring born to the infected dams was assayed by ELISA at different time after birth, and its immune protection against challenge infection was studied. Results Out of 6 offspring born to the dams infected at 7 days after fertilization, two were found to be infected. Among other female mice which were first infected with T. spiralis and then gestated, only the offspring born to the dams fertilized at 8 and 22 days after infection were found to be infected, the infection rate of offspring was 20% (2/10) and 25%(2/8) respectively. All larvae recovered from the young were non-encapsulated. The cross-fostering experiment showed that none of 30 offspring born to normal dams were found to be infected. The serum antibody positive rate in 27 offspring born to the infected dams at 1, 7, 24, and 40 days after birth was 100%, 100%, 77.8% and 14.8%, respectively. The worm reduction rate in the offspring 40 days after birth was 62.0% after challenge infection. The worm reduction rate in mice in which sera from the offspring born to the infected dams were passively transferred was 55.7%, there was a significant difference (P

The present situation and development of such medical image processing techniques are summarized as the techniques of image segmentation, pseudo-color processing, image registration and image fusion. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation criterion for image segmentation and study focuses of image registration and fusion. At the end of this paper, the development tendency of medical image processing is predicted.

Objective To analysis the clinical characteristics of Tubal pregnancy.Methods 500 cases of tubal pregnancy were collected and clinicopathological changes,histopathologic feature were studied in 500 cases of tubal pregnancy,35 cases of them analyzed by electron microscope.Results Patholocal changes of the Fallopian tubes itself:Chronic nonspecific inflammation and peripheral inflammation of Fallopian tubes and endometriosis and the fatty infiltration of the tubal wall is 60%、2%、1.6%、0.8% and 2%.Conclusions The main pathological changes of fallopian tubes itself is chronic nonspecific inflammation.IUD and tubal sterilization and endometriosis and fatty inflitration of the tubal wall be causative of the tubal pregnancy.

Objective To construct an expression vector containing Ewing's sarcoma EWS FLI 1 specific binding sequence and diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) gene sequence to investigate the killing effect of DTA on cultured Ewing's sarcoma cells so as to provide proof for the exploration of new methods for gene therapy for cancer. Methods Expression vector (pS2 DTA) containing EWS FLI 1 specific binding sequence and DTA gene sequence was constructed by replacing the luciferase gene in pS2 with DTA gene at the points of Nco Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ by molecular technique. After transfection of pS2 DTA into Ewing's sarcoma cells and the control cells, DTA expression and its killing effect on cells were detected. Results pS2 DTA was highly expressed in Ewing's sarcoma cell line, and the killing effect of DTA was much higher than that in the control cells. Conclusion pS2 DTA has selective killing effect on Ewing's sarcoma cells and can inhibit the growth of Ewing's sarcoma cells. So pS2-DTA has potential value in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma.

Objective To find out the specific diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory (ES) products from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Methods The ES antigens (ESA) of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae cultured in vitro at 18 h and 30 h were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results At different times after cultivation, the protein components of ESA of T. spiralis muscle larvae were similar. SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight(MW) of the major bands of 2 ES antigens were 112, 110, 108, 97, 53, 49, 45, 42, 35, 23 and 16 kDa. Western blotting showed that the protein bands with 102, 97, 95 and 53 kDa in 18 h ESA and the protein bands with 53, 49, 45 and 43 kDa in 30 h ESA cross-reacted with sera from the patients with paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis, respectively. The protein component with 23 kDa in ESA only reacted with sera from the rats and mice infected with T. spiralis and the patients with trichinellosis, but not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites, and sera from normal rats, mice and persons. Conclusion The protein component with 23 kDa in T. spiralis ESA is the specific antigen of T. spiralis muscle larvae and it could be applied to the serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological survey of trichinellosis.

Objective To find out the specific antigens for immunodiagnosis of trichinellosis. Methods The soluble antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results SDS-PAGE revealed that the soluble antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae had 29 protein bands with molecular weight (MW) from 112 kDa to 12 kDa, among them the protein bands with MW 65,43,42,31,30,20,17,16 kDa were the major bands. Western blot results showed that the protein bands with 112,110,108, 102,97,95,65,63,58,55,53,49,45,43,42 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens were cross-reacted with sera from rats and patients with paragonimiasis, sera from patients with clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cys-ticercosis. The protein components with 24 - 20 kDa were only reacted with sera from rats, mice infected with T.spiralis and patients with trichinellosis, and not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites,and sera from normal rats, mice and healthy persons. Conclusion The protein components with 24-20 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens are the specific antigen for T.spiralis muscle larvae, it could be applied to the immunodiagnosis and seroepidemiological investigation on trichinellosis.

0.05). The absorbance value of Trichinella-infected muscle conserved at -20 ℃ for 10 wk decreased to 0.43, with significant difference from that conserved at -20 ℃ for 1 wk, but the positive rate was also 100%, and antibodies were detected in all muscle samples conserved at -20 ℃ for 20 weeks when the experiment was ended. Conclusion When animals died or were slaughtered and serum samples could not be collected, muscle juice can be collected from fresh, cool and frozen meat and used as a substitute sample for detecting anti-Trichinella antibodies.