According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the Standardized Nomenclature of Animal Parasitic Diseases(SNOAPAD),and considering the new advances in parasitology,the usage of the terminology of some parasites and parasitic diseases(such as Trichinella and trichinellosis,filariae and filariasis,Echinococcus and echinococcosis,etc.)was discussed.

Lack of specific symptoms and signs makes clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis difficult. Epidemiological information is important, such as a history of ingesting raw or undercooked meat. An outbreak can be traced to a group of people dining together. Usual manifestations include abdominal pain or diarrhea with general discomfort in the enteric stage, and fever, eyelid or facial edema, muscle pain in acute stage. Complications, such as myocarditis, pneumonia, encephalitis, may develop in severe cases. Eosinophilia appears between 2 and 5 weeks after infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using the excretory-secretory(ES) antigens of the muscle larvae or synthetic tyvelose as antigen is sensitive and specific, the serological method of choice as a screening test. Western blotting is needed to confirm the positive ELISA. Definitive diagnosis depends on the finding of larvae in a muscle biopsy specimen. Albendazole is the drug of choice for its treatment, 20-30 mg/(kg?d), two times daily for 5-7 days. Glucocorticosteroids are given only to severe cases and always be used in combination with albendazole, since they could prolong the intestinal phase of the infection and increase the muscle larval burdens.

0.05),but the cross reaction rate of recombinant Ts21 protein with sera from mice infected with T2,T3,T4 and T7 was considerably lower than that of ES antigens(?2=17.069,P

Objective To observe the specific expression of diphtheria toxin A chain gene(DTA) in Ewing's sarcoma nude mice models.Methods pS2DTA plasmid was constructed by the Lus gene in pS2 plasmid was replaced with the DTA gene in pIBI30 plasmid,and transformed into DH5?, then amplified.Five nude mice were injected with 2.4?10~(7) SKES1 cells,sacrificed on week 6,and the tumor tissues were implanted onto the back of another 20 nude mice.Till 6 weeks later the diameter of the tumor up to 0.8-1.0 cm,the Ewing's sarcoma nude mice models were successfully established and randomly assigned to receive the injection of 300 ?g lipidosome+100 ?l normal saline(control group) or 300 ?g lipidosome+100 ?l normal saline+100 ?g pS2DTA (experimental group) once a day for 5 d.On day 4 after the therapy finished,4 nude mice of each group were randomly sacrificed and the DTA expression in the tissue of tumor,liver and myocardium was detected by the immunohistochemistry and RTPCR.Results The immunochemical results showed DTA expression in the tissues of control group was all negative while the DTA expression in the experimental group was negative in the tissues of myocardium and liver,positive in tumor tissue.RTPCR showed DTA expression in control group was negative in all tissues while strongly positive in tumor tissue,weakly positive in liver tissue and negative in myocardiac tissue.Conclusion The pS2DTA regulated by the EWSFLI1 fusion gene has a specific expression in transplanted Ewing's sarcoma in mice.

Objective To find out the specific diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory (ES) products from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Methods The ES antigens (ESA) of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae cultured in vitro at 18 h and 30 h were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results At different times after cultivation, the protein components of ESA of T. spiralis muscle larvae were similar. SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight(MW) of the major bands of 2 ES antigens were 112, 110, 108, 97, 53, 49, 45, 42, 35, 23 and 16 kDa. Western blotting showed that the protein bands with 102, 97, 95 and 53 kDa in 18 h ESA and the protein bands with 53, 49, 45 and 43 kDa in 30 h ESA cross-reacted with sera from the patients with paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis, respectively. The protein component with 23 kDa in ESA only reacted with sera from the rats and mice infected with T. spiralis and the patients with trichinellosis, but not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites, and sera from normal rats, mice and persons. Conclusion The protein component with 23 kDa in T. spiralis ESA is the specific antigen of T. spiralis muscle larvae and it could be applied to the serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological survey of trichinellosis.

Objective To study congenital transmission of Trichinella spiralis in mice and observe the protection of anti-Trichinella antibodies from the infected dams to challenge infection. Methods According to the gestation (fertilization), the Kunming mice were divided into two groups: the infected group after gestation and the gestated group after infection. New-born mice were cut into small pieces to separate the larvae within 1 day after birth. One-day-old offspring born to normal dams were nursed by the infected dams, slaughtered after 21 days and examined for the larvae. Serum anti-Trichinella antibody level in offspring born to the infected dams was assayed by ELISA at different time after birth, and its immune protection against challenge infection was studied. Results Out of 6 offspring born to the dams infected at 7 days after fertilization, two were found to be infected. Among other female mice which were first infected with T. spiralis and then gestated, only the offspring born to the dams fertilized at 8 and 22 days after infection were found to be infected, the infection rate of offspring was 20% (2/10) and 25%(2/8) respectively. All larvae recovered from the young were non-encapsulated. The cross-fostering experiment showed that none of 30 offspring born to normal dams were found to be infected. The serum antibody positive rate in 27 offspring born to the infected dams at 1, 7, 24, and 40 days after birth was 100%, 100%, 77.8% and 14.8%, respectively. The worm reduction rate in the offspring 40 days after birth was 62.0% after challenge infection. The worm reduction rate in mice in which sera from the offspring born to the infected dams were passively transferred was 55.7%, there was a significant difference (P

The present situation and development of such medical image processing techniques are summarized as the techniques of image segmentation, pseudo-color processing, image registration and image fusion. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation criterion for image segmentation and study focuses of image registration and fusion. At the end of this paper, the development tendency of medical image processing is predicted.

Objective To find out the specific antigens for immunodiagnosis of trichinellosis. Methods The soluble antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results SDS-PAGE revealed that the soluble antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae had 29 protein bands with molecular weight (MW) from 112 kDa to 12 kDa, among them the protein bands with MW 65,43,42,31,30,20,17,16 kDa were the major bands. Western blot results showed that the protein bands with 112,110,108, 102,97,95,65,63,58,55,53,49,45,43,42 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens were cross-reacted with sera from rats and patients with paragonimiasis, sera from patients with clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cys-ticercosis. The protein components with 24 - 20 kDa were only reacted with sera from rats, mice infected with T.spiralis and patients with trichinellosis, and not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites,and sera from normal rats, mice and healthy persons. Conclusion The protein components with 24-20 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens are the specific antigen for T.spiralis muscle larvae, it could be applied to the immunodiagnosis and seroepidemiological investigation on trichinellosis.

Object\ To develop a convenient and practical method for the identification of Carapax Trionycis Methods\ Based on the sequence variations of 12S rRNA gene between Pelodiscus sinensis and other softshell turtles, a pair of allele specific primers was designed to distinguish P. sinensis from other species of Trionychidae. DNA were extracted and anplified and Carapax Trionycis could be identified accurately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers Results\ Ten samples of turtle shell from different sources were indentified by the allele specific PCR with the primers The result indicated that three samples were substitutes of Carapax Trionycis, consilient with the result from DNA sequence analysis The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment of P. maculatus and a faked imitation had also been sequenced Conclusion\ The primers could be used as key components in Carapax Trionycis identification kit

Objective To construct an expression vector containing Ewing's sarcoma EWS FLI 1 specific binding sequence and diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) gene sequence to investigate the killing effect of DTA on cultured Ewing's sarcoma cells so as to provide proof for the exploration of new methods for gene therapy for cancer. Methods Expression vector (pS2 DTA) containing EWS FLI 1 specific binding sequence and DTA gene sequence was constructed by replacing the luciferase gene in pS2 with DTA gene at the points of Nco Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ by molecular technique. After transfection of pS2 DTA into Ewing's sarcoma cells and the control cells, DTA expression and its killing effect on cells were detected. Results pS2 DTA was highly expressed in Ewing's sarcoma cell line, and the killing effect of DTA was much higher than that in the control cells. Conclusion pS2 DTA has selective killing effect on Ewing's sarcoma cells and can inhibit the growth of Ewing's sarcoma cells. So pS2-DTA has potential value in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma.