Objective To demonstrate the influence of stress on attentional bias in athletes,in order to make guidance for athletes' attention training and control.Method Using dot-probe paradigm,we analyzed the attention behavior of 25 athletes either under stress or not when viewing different pictures of emotional face.The reaction time and the score of the attention bias were recorded and compared.Result The reaction time to negative face pictures under stress was significantly shorter than that to the positive and neutral ones.The value of the attention bias to negative pictures was significantly bigger than O.Conclusion Stress tends to induce attention bias of athletes to negative information.

OBJECTIVE:To study the absorptive characteristics of ginsenoside Rb3 in Caco-2 cell monolayer model. METHO-DS:The ginsenoside Rb3 cell samples underwent high speed centrifugation, then the supernatant was collected and determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS method in which the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-1 mmol?L-1 ammonium formate water solution (34 ∶ 66) with ginsenoside Rg2 as internal standard, and the tandem mass spectrometry was operated in negative electrospray ionization in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with detection ions m/z1077.7→m/z 783.4 for ginsenoside Rb3 and m/z 783.6→m/z 475.1 for ginsenoside Rg2.The concentration of ginsenoside Rb3 across the Caco-2 cell monolayer model was determined and the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) of ginsenoside Rb3 was calculated. RESULTS: The calibration curve for ginsenoside Rb3 was linear in the range of 50～2 000 ng?mL-1,with intra-day precision and inter-day precision at less than 15%. P(AP-BL) from apical side (AP) to basolateral side (BL) was 3.22?10-6 cm?s-1, whereas P(BL-AP) from BL to AP was 6.0?10-6 cm?s-1,and the ratio of P(BL-AP)/P(AP-BL) was 1.86.CONCLUSION:The LC-ESI/MS/MS method is simple and sensitive, and it is applicable for the study of the absorptive characteristics of ginsenoside Rb3 in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of gastrodigenin concentration in brain tissue of mice and investigate its pharmacokinetics after intragastric administration of gastrodin.Methods The brain homogenate was extracted with acetoacetate and analyzed by HPLC method.The separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm ? 4.6 mm,5 ?m) under the following chromatographic conditions: mobile phase,acetonitrile-water(10.5∶89.5);column temperature,25 ℃;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;detection wavelength,221 nm;and sampling amount,20 ?L.Results The calibration curve showed good linearity within the concentration range of 50-1 616 ng/mL(r= 0.999 6).The relative recoveries were 93.8%-95.1%,and the RSDs of the intra-and inter-day precision were less than 10%.The concentration-time profile of gastrodigenin in brain tissue of mice showed double peaks(tmax1=15 min,tmax2=90 min).The AUC was 52 822.5 ng?min/g,and t1/2(ke) was 54.8 min.Conclusion The analytical method established for assay of gastrodigenin in brain tissue of mice is sensitive and accurate.The result indicates that gastrodin could rapidly distribute to the brain,be metabolized into gastrodigenin,and be eliminated after oral administration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of mefformin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThe model rats of T2DM complicated with NAFLD were established by feeding high-glucose and high-fat diet, and injection of low dose streptozotocin.The model rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, model group (n = 16) and metformin group (n = 16).Twenty normal rats were set for normal control group.Intragastric administration lasted for 12 weeks.At the end of 16th week (after treated 8 weeks) and 20th week (after treated 12weeks), the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINs), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) in each group were determined and the level of insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined.Meanwhile, pathological changes of liver, the expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) mRNA and UCP-2 protein of liver tissues in each group were detected.ResultsThe levels of serum ALT, AST, FBG,FINs, serum TG , TC and FFA were significantly higher and ISI was significantly lower and the expression of UCP-2 protein significantly increased in model group, compared with control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of UCP-2 mRNA at 16th and 20th week in model group were significantly higher than that in control group [(1.789 +0.301) vs (0.245 ±0.087), t =11.02, P ＜0.01 and (1.989 +0.207) vs (0.262+ 0.058), t = 17.93, P ＜ 0.01, respectively].Fatty degeneration of liver tissues was significantly exacerbated in model group.After treatment for 8 weeks and 12 weeks with mefformin, the levels of serum ALT,AST, FBG, serum TG, TC and FFA significantly decreased, ISI significantly increased, fatty degeneration of liver tissues was significantly improved, and the expression of UCP-2 protein significantly decreased,compared with model rats (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).The expression of UCP-2 mRNA at 16th and 20th week in metformin group were significantly lower than that in model group [(0.665 + 0.088) vs (1.789 ±0.301), t = 7.81, P ＜ 0.01 and (0.610 ± 0.1 02) vs (1.989 ± 0.207), t = 9.98, P ＜ 0.01, respectivelv].ConclusionsMetformin has therapeutic effect on T2DM complicated with NAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the development of fetal cerebellar vermis using 3D transabdominal ultrasound,and provide evidence for prenatal screening fetal cerebellar vermis anomalies.Methods Totally 387 normal fetuses at 20～36 gestation weeks were examined by three-dimensional extended imaging(3DXI) to observe the fetal cerebellar vermis.The width,anteroposterior diameter,craniocaudal diameter of the cerebellar vermis,the angle between brain stem and vermis,a ratio between the area of anterior vermis and posterior vermis were measured,and the relationship between the gestational age and parameters mentioned above were analyzed.Results The multi slice view of 3DXI and 3D reconstructed sagittal section well evaluated the integrity of vermis morphous and vermis size,identified characteristic signs of vermis:the fourth ventricle apex and vermis crack.In normal fetus,brain stem and vermis were almost parallel,the angle between them was 3.97°±1.65°.There was no significant correlation between the angle and the gestational age.The area of the anterior vermis was smaller than that of posterior vermis,with a ratio of 0.76±0.06,which was also not related to gestational age.The width,anteroposte rior diameter and craniocaudal diameter of the cerebellar vermis were positively correlated with gestational age.Conclusions The multi slice view of 3DXI and 3D reconstructed sagittal section should help evaluate the development of the cerebellar vermis,accurately show the cerebellar vermis and its surrounding strutures,and provide a new way to evaluate the fetal cerebellar vermis.

AIM:To investigate the effect of capsaicin on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced activation of cul-tured endothelial cells of mouse aorta in vitro.METHODS:The endothelial cells were isolated from mouse aorta and cul-tured in vitro, and the specific cell markers of the cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining.The cells were stimulated with LPS (100μg/L) combined with or without capsaicin, and the cells and supernatant were collected at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h.The levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( sICAM-1) , soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA.The levels of nuclear NF-κB p65 and cytopasmic p-IκBαand IκBαwere detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of sP-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in LPS group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and LPS promoted the expression of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in a time-dependent manner.Compared with LPS group at the same time point, capsaicin inhibited the expression of sP-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with con-trol group, the protein levels of NF-κB p65 and p-IκBαin LPS group at 24 h were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the protein level of IκBαin LPS group at 24 h were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with LPS group, capsaicin decreased the protein levels of NF-κB p65 and p-IκBαand increased the protein level of IκBαin a dose-depend-ent manner.CONCLUSION:Capsaicin has a protective effect on LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell activation, which potentially contributes to the suppression of IκBαdegradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.

Objective To study the effect of brucine on the growth of a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in vitro. Methods Brucine was added into a liver cancer cell line of SMMC-7721 in vitro, at drug concentration of brucine from 2. 5 μg/ml to 400 μg/ml. The inhibition rate of cell growth was measured by MTT technique after the cells were cultured for 72 hours. The protein and mRNA expression of PCNA,cyclin D1 and FAS were respectively assayed with Western blotting and fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR techniques at 24, 48, 72 h. Results The inhibition rate of liver cancer cell was near 100% when the brucine concentration was at 320 μg/ml. The protein and mRNA expression of FAS were of no significant difference at 24 h vs 48 h ( seperately F = 2. 547,1. 582, all P ＞ 0. 05 ), and significant difference existed at 24 h vs 72 h( seperately F = 1. 036, 1. 137, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The protein and mRNA expression of PCNA,Cyclin D1 were of no significant difference between various time period( seperately PCNA F = 3.612,2. 174,3.029;Cyclin D1 F=2.361,2.915,1.976,all P＞0.05). Conclusions Brucine inhibits the growth of liver cancer cells, by inducing increased apoptosis of the cells probably through FAS overexpression.

Objective:To explore the prognostic factors of patients with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis. Methods:The clinical data of 67 patients with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis from January 2008 to December 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences in general information, clinical manifestations, admission laboratory indicators, antibiotics and surgery between the death group and the cured group. Then the factors with significant difference in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis, and the factors of prognosis were obtained. Results:Univariate analysis showed that there were significant difference in liver disease, admission with hypotension shock, multiple limb injuries; admission leukocytes, platelets, pH value, albumin, lactic acid, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time between the death group and the cured group (all P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that admission lactate ( OR=0.628, 95% CI: 0.461-0.855, P=0.003), albumin ( OR=1.330, 95% CI:1.062-1.667, P=0.013), creatine kinase ( OR=0.999, 95% CI: 0.998-1.000, P=0.016) and admission surgery time ( OR=0.118, 95% CI: 0.015-0.938, P=0.043) were risk factors of the prognosis. Patients with high lactate, creatine kinase and low albumin at admission indicate poor prognosis; patients with admission surgery time≤ 12 h have better prognosis. Conclusion:For the treatment of patients with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis, medical staff should dynamically evaluate these prognostic factors in the early stage, and early surgical treatment should be adopted to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the incidence and relevant information of preterm birth and the outcomes of preterm infants delivered at various gestational weeks and for different causes. Methods Totally 955 women, who ended their pregnancies before term, and 1066 neonates of the previous mothers were enrolled in this survey, among 15 197 deliveries at Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital, Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District and Peking University Third Hospital, respectively, from December 1~(st), 2006 to May 31~(st), 2007. Results (1)Incidence of preterm birth: The overall incidence of preterm birth of the 4 hospitals was 6. 3% (955/15 197), and it was 8.1% (125/1549) in Peking University First Hospital, 13.1% (150/1142), which was the highest (P<0.01), in Peking University Third Hospital, 5.5% (369/6656) in Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital and 34.0% (311/5850) in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District.The preterm birth rate at the two comprehensive hospitals was significantly higher than that of the two specialized hospitals [10.2% (275/2691) vs 5.4% (680/12 506), P <0.01]. (2) Gestational weeks at delivery: The incidence of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 28.5% (272/954) and the number changed to 71.5% (682/954)for those preterm deliveries after 34 weeks. However, this number varied among the 4 hospitals. Peking University First Hospital had the highest incidence of preterm birth before 34 weeks(P< 0.05), and the lowest was found in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District(P<0.01), but no difference was found between Peking University Third Hospital and Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital. (3) Etiology of preterm birth: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) accounted for the most proportion of all preterm birth cases, followed by iatrogenic preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. But the causes of preterm birth in the 4 hospitals were different. Peking University Third Hospital had a higher incidence of iatrogenic preterm birth than the others (P<0.01), and Peking University First Hospital had a higher incidence of preterm birth caused by PPROM and lower incidence of spontaneous preterm birth. The first four reasons of iatrogenic preterm birth were preeclampsia (143, 42.0%), fetal distress (58, 17.1%), placenta previa (43, 12.6%) and placenta abruption (33,9.7%). (4) Neonatal outcomes in different hospitals: The neonatal outcomes were quite different among the 4 hospitals due to different causes and different delivery weeks. The highest neonatal mortality rate was found in Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital (5.4%, 22/408) compared to that in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District (1.3%,4/320) and Peking University Third Hospital (0. 6%, 1/170) (P< 0.01), but without any difference when compared to that in Peking University First Hospital (2.4%, 3/ 124) (P>0.05). (5) Neonatal outcomes at different gostational age: The recovery rate of preterm infants delivered at <32 weeks was lower than those delivered ≥32 weeks (P<0.01), and this number rose to 99. 6% in those delivered ≥34 weeks. More infants delivered <32 weeks were given up for treatment or died during the perinatal period than those delivered ≥32 weeks, with the neonatal mortality rate of 22.1% for those delivered at <32 weeks and only 0.3% for those delivered at ≥ 34 weeks (P<0.01). (6) Neonatal outcomes for various causes: The premature neonatal mortality rate for iatrogenic preterm births was higher than that of PPROM (4.9% vs 1.6%, P<0.05). But the neonatal recovery rates were similar among the PPROM, spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth group (P>0.05). Conclusions Preterm birth is associated with high perinatal mortality rate, especially for those delivered before 32 weeks which would be highlighted in prevention. Reduction of the iatrogenic preterm birth, combined with proper prevention of PPROM, is an important issue in decreasing the prevalence of preterm birth.

Objective To discuss the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC)on lung injury induced by vibrio vulnificus sepsis and its mechanism. Methods BMSCs were isolated by whole bone marrow adherent culture from mouse. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal saline control group(NS group),normal saline+BMSC control group(NSB group),vibrio vulnificus sepsis group(VV group),vibrio vulnificus sepsis + BMSC group(VVB group)according to random number table,with 40 mice in each group. Sepsis mouse model was reproduced by injecting vibrio vulnificus(1×107 cfu/mL)5 mL/kg through the left side peritoneal cavity, and caudal intravenous injection of BMSC(4×105 cfu/mL)5 mL/kg for intervention after model reproduction. Ten mice in each group were sacrificed at 6,12,24 or 48 hours after injecting vibiro vulnificus,and their lung tissues were harvested. The lung wet/dry(W/D)ratio was calculated. The expression of nuclear factor-κBp65(NF-κBp65)in nucleus was measured by Western Blot. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukins(IL-1β, IL-6)in lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and uranyl acetate-lead citrate staining. Results After vibrio vulnificus injection,lung W/D ratio,the expression of NF-κBp65 in nucleus,and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β,IL-6 in the lung tissues were significantly increased in VV group compared with those in NS group at all the time points,and peaked at 12 hours. Compared with the VV group,the VVB group had significantly decreased levels of lung W/D ratio,NF-κBp65 expression,and the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,with significant differences at all the time points〔VV group vs. NS group at 12 hours:lung W/D ratio 7.22±0.03 vs. 5.21±0.02,NF-κBp65 expression (glay scale)1.86±0.74 vs. 0.75±0.07,TNF-α(ng/L)433.24±3.23 vs. 106.57±1.21,IL-1β(ng/L)35.64±0.15 vs. 10.64±0.48,IL-6(ng/L)58.84±0.55 vs. 17.69±1.35,all P<0.05;VVB group vs. VV group at 12 hours:lung W/D ratio 6.49±0.06 vs. 7.22±0.03,NF-κBp65 expression(A value)1.16±0.08 vs. 1.86±0.74,TNF-α(ng/L)357.22±3.25 vs. 433.24±3.23,IL-1β(ng/L)27.77±0.59 vs. 35.64±0.15,IL-6(ng/L)38.68±1.29 vs. 58.84±0.55,all P<0.05〕. There were no significant differences in above indexes between NS group and NSB group. In the NS and NSB groups pathological changes were not obvious under light microscopy,in the VV group lung tissue hyperemia and edema was significant,the edema fluid,red blood cells and inflammatory cells also could be seen, and in the VVB group lung damage that mentioned above could be alleviated. In the NS and NSB groups epithelial cell structure of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ was completed,and the changes were not obvious under the transmission electron microscopy. In the VV group the alveolar walls were damaged significantly,with type Ⅰ epithelial cell cytoplasm swelling,bubbling and rupture,with type Ⅱ epithelial cells visible cytoplasm decrease,cavitation,addiction to osmium lamellar corpuscle emptying,lysosome hyperplasia,microvilli reduction,and in the VVB group the above damage was alleviated. Conclusion Vibrio vulnificus sepsis can cause acute lung damage and edema,and BMSC can down regulate inflammatory cytokines,reduce lung injury caused by vibrio vulnificus sepsis.