OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics and the prevention measures of the hospital-acquired pneumonia in senile dementia patients.METHODS We analyzed retrospectively the cognitive function(using mini-mental state examination,MMSE) and activities of daily living(Barthel Index) of 113 senile dementia patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology between Jan 2003 and Oct 2008(31 confirmed cases were treated as infected group,and the remaining 82 cases as control group),and found out the risk factors for infected with hospital-acquired pneumonia,the pathogenic bacteria and their resistance,then formulated prevention and control measures.RESULTS Among 113 senile dementia patients,31 cases were infected with hospital-acquired pneumonia,and these patients had obviously lower MMSE scores and ADL scores than the non-infected patients(P

Purpose　The aim is to study α-glucosidase inhibitor from Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.Methods　The inhibitor was purified by soaking,ultrafiltration,ion-exchange chromatography and Lead Acetate deposition.Results　A α-glucosidase inhibitor was obtained.Conclusion　The inhibitor was a kind of non-competition inhibitor with large molecular weight of over 5×105D.

Recent researches have revealed that iron-overload could lead to osteoporosis and bone morphogenetic protein 6(BMP-6)could enhance the expression of hepcidin. Therefore, it is believed that BMP-6 might play a key role in the treatment of such kind of osteoporosis. This paper focuses on the newest papers regarding the relationship between BMP-6 and iron-overload osteoporosis in order to lay a foundation for further research on the osteoporosis induced by iron overloading.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment efficacy of hemangiopericytoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHOD: The clinical and pathological data of 5 cases with hemangiopericytoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses verified by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Computed tomography scan revealed vascular in 5 cases. On CT scan, hemangiopericytoma generally appeared to be a uniform high density mass with obvious enhancement upon injection of contrast material. In pathological examination, there were plentiful capillaries which were like tree branch. The normal endocytes were in the inner wall of the vessel. The round, oval and spear-like pericytes scattered around the vessel. The split phase of the nucleus could be found in the tumor cell. All cases underwent surgical resection and were proved by pathological examination. The clinical data showed that the prognosis of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma was closely related to its histological grade. The recur rate in highly malignant hemangiopericytoma was obviously higher than that in middle and low malignant tumor. The rate of misdiagnosis was 80%. CONCLUSION Hemangiopericytoma is a potentially malignant tumor. Medical imaging can help to demonstrate the site, configuration, and characteristics of the tumors and contribute to the treatment. But there are not characteristic medical features. The final diagnosis must depend on the closely related to its pathological grade. The doctor should pay attention to the description of histological pathology. All the patients must be followed up carefully.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangiopericytoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the thoracic CT manifestations and pathologic basis of pulmonary Wegener granulomatosis (WG),in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods Eighteen patients with pulmonary WG confirmed by pathology were collected.All the patients underwent CT scan and enhanced scan with 64-slice volume CT.CT features and clinical symptoms were retrospectively reviewed.Results The pathological manifestations of 18 cases with pulmonary WG were miscellaneous,including necrotizing granuloma infiltrated with inflammatory cells,intrapulmonary vasculitis,parenchymal necrosis,hemorrhage of pulmonary alveolus,microabscess and so on.Thoracic CT manifestations:multiple nodules were seen in 7 cases,multiple masses were detected in 4 cases,cavitations showed in 10 cases,peripheral wedge-shaped shadows showed in 2 cases,ground-glass attenuation and consolidation showed in 2 cases,bronchial wall thickening in 2 cases,solitary pulmonary nodule or mass in 3 cases,pleural effusion was seen in 5 cases.All the nodules,masses and cavitations demonstrated inhomogeneous and ring enhancement on contrast-enhanced images.Some patients presented with varied kinds of the above lesions,which could transform each other and became more or less.Conclusions Pulmonary WG has many pathological manifestations,resulting in the variety of the thoracic CT manifestations.The main manifestations are multiple nodules and multiple masses,necrotic cavitations.The feeding vessel sign to a nodule or mass and ring-shade cavity are relatively characteristics to diagnose pulmonary WG.The correct diagnosis could be established on the bases of understanding of the special developments and pathology of the lesions.

Objective To screen differentially expressed microRNAs at different stages of hair cycle in a murine model.Methods This study included 30 inbred female C57BL/6 mice (age,6-8 weeks; body weight,15-18 grams).Hair growth cycle was induced in the back skin of C57BL/6 mice by application of wax/rosin followed by depilation under anesthesia witl 1％ chloral hydrate.Three mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 0,8 and 20 after the induction,and skin tissue was achieved from the same depilated areas parallel to the spine.Total RNAs were extracted from the murine skin and subjected to microarray analysis of microRNA expression.Results Compared with telogen skin,the murine anagen skin showed a higher expression of miR-690,obselote-49 and miR-1308,but a lower expression of miR-291a-5p and miR-212.The expressions of miR-690,obselote-49 and miR-31 were significantly up-regulated,while those of miR-127-3p and miR-212 were downregulated in the catagen skin in comparison with the telogen skin.Conclusion Seven microRNAs are identified in this study to be differentially expressed in murine skin between different stages of hair cycle,which may provide a direction for future research.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between lifestyle and development of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight AD patients(102 males and 136 females) and 476 healthy controls(204 males and 272 females) were recruited from Ningbo communities into this 1 ∶ 2 matched case-control study.Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) were required to fill in.Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression were used for data analysis.We adopted Epidata 3.1 to establish the database and did statistical analysis by SPSS15.0.The count data were analysis by Chi-square test,meanwhile multiple factors analysis by conditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Through single factor analysis we found thatcigarette ≥20/day(F=8.687,P=0.003),children visiting(F=22.721,P＜0.05),friendship(F=16.784,P＜0.05),family gathering(≥1 times/week)(F=8.198,P=0.004),working after retirement(F=33.099,P＜0.05),travel(F=16.784,P＜0.05),social activities(F=24.919,P＜0.05),physical exercises(F=24.404,P＜0.05),eating pickles or pickled products(F=6.662,P=0.01),saturated fatty acid intake(F=23.069,P＜0.05),daily consumption of fruits and vegetables(F=8.401,P=0.004),chess(F=17.365,P＜0.05),reading(≥30 min/d)(F=36.390,P＜0.05),using computer(F=8.688,P=0.003) were related AD,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In multiple factors analysis,social activities,chess games or joke,travelling,working after retirement,reading,physical exercises,friendship,family gathering,saturated fatty acid intake and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were risk factors of AD(odds ratio(OR) values were 0.571(0.342-0.753),0.623(0.343-0.889),0.686(0.461-0.942),0.534(0.326-0.714),0.276(0.175-0.438),0.538(0.336-0.738),0.585(0.385-0.765),0.466(0.316-0.745),0.527 (0.368-0.787) and 0.482(0.316-0.665),respectively; constant terms:OR=0.526).Conclusion A positive and leisure lifestyle and health reasonable diet could effectively reduce the risk of AD.

Objective To evaluate the applied value of multislice CT (MSCT) in the selection of living donor kidneys and excision methods.Methods Ninety living renal donors underwent MSCT assessment.The nonenhanced,arterial,venous and excretory phase examinations were performed.Using maximum intensity projection and volume rendering techniques for vascular imaging,two blinded radiologists independently analyzed and evaluated all MSCT images.According to the CT reconstructive images,radiologists and physicians selected the left renal or the right renal donors,and chose laparoscopic or open live donor nephrectomy.Results On the 90 cases of donors,78 donors underwent nephrectomy in the left kidney.Seventy-one left kidney donors having no significant variation received the routine laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy.Seven left kidney donors on both sides had relatively obvious anatomical variations such as accessory renal artery,multi-branch renal vein and renal vein in the back of the abdominal aorta,and they were subjected to the left kidney open donor nephre.ctomy.Other 12 donors having significant variation in the left kidney were given nephrectomy in the right kidney,and all of them received hand-assisted laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy.All intraoperative records of urine collection system and renal vascular anatomy were consistent with the preoperative evaluation of MSCT,and the accuracy was 100 ％.Two imaging experts in the evaluation of renal artery,renal vein and urine collection system showed good consistency.Nephrectomy was successfully performed on 90 cases of donors,and.postoperative recipients had no renal vein thrombosis and other vascular complications.Conclusion MSCT can provide accurate and valuable information for the selection of living donor kidneys and excision methods as a “one-stop” technique for the preoperative evaluation of living renal donors.

Objective To evaluate the bonding condition of hydroxyapatite (HA)/zirconia ( ZrO2 ) composite and bone interface and the ability of HA/ZrO2 in repair of bone defects.Methods Bone defect models were established in the lumbar vertebral body of 24 Beagle dogs and were implanted with HA/ZrO2 gradient composite (Group A ),HA/ZrO2 unilayer composite (Group B ),pure ZrO2 (Group C) and pure HA (Group D) successively.Dogs were sacrificed and lumbar vertebral specimens were harvested 6,12,16 weeks postoperatively and before the sacrifice at postoperative 6 and 12 weeks,the dogs were intramuscularly administered of quadracycline for fluorescence labeling.The interface bonding and repair of bone defects were observed through X-ray films,histomorphology and biomechanical test.Results The X-ray films displayed that the Group A achieved more formation of osteotylus and better repair of bone defects with the extension of the implantation period,followed by the Groups B and D and that the Group C had relatively worse results.Histomorphology study showed that the fluorescence labeling was enhanced gradually from 6 to 12 weeks in the Group A,with its growth from the edge of the implanted material to the inner part and its tight adhesion to the material,indicating active osteogenesis and massive bone formation.While the fluorescence labeling of the Groups B,C and D centered in the edge of implanted materials without presence in the material inner part.The mineralization rate of the four materials at 6 and 12 weeks had significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05).Synostosis rates at 6,12 and 16 weeks were the highest in the Group A,with the rate of up to (90.26 ±3.82) ％ at 16 weeks (P ＜0.05 ).Biomechanical test showed the maximum shear strengths at 6,12,16 weeks in the Group A were (2.64±0.16) MPa,(2.95 ±0.19) MPa and (3.45 ±0.23) MPa respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion HA/ZrO2gradient biocomposite bonds well with the bone and possesses good repair ability for bone defects and hence is an ideal novel material for bone defect reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, risks and advantages of endoscope-assisted second branchial cleft cyst (SBCC) resection via the retroauricular hairline approach (RHA) by comparing with conventional trans cervical approach. METHOD: Using prospective clinical controlled study, in twenty five patients with SBCC, 13 cases underwent endoscope-assisted resection via the RHA, 12 cases underwent conventional transcervical approach resection. Preoperatively, the sizes, locations and adjacency of all lesions were evaluated by ultrasonography, CT or MRI. Pathologic diagnoses of all cases were identified as SBCC using fine needle aspiration biopsy. Two groups were compared at length of incision, operation time, bleeding, incision cosmetic result, complication etc. RESULT: All 25 operations were successfully performed. Length of incision and operation time in endoscopic group were significantly longer than that of the transcervical group (P < 0.05). After three months, the mean subjective satisfaction score of incision scar in the endoscopic group was significantly higher than that of transcervical group (P < 0.01). In endoscopic group, 1 cases (7.7%) with temporary numbness of earlobe and 1 case (7.7%) with a darkened color change of the flap margin at the incision angle were found postoperatively. However, they were recovered within 1 month. All the 25 patients were disease free with a follow-up from 18 to 36 months (median follow-up: 26 months). CONCLUSION Endoscope-assisted SBCC resection via RHA is feasible and safe for the treatment of SBCC. In comparison with the transcervical approach, this method can provide an invisible incision and better cosmetic re suits without significant complications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Branchioma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult