Objective To identify the influencing factors for rural doctors′ training effect,and suggest on the improvement of such training.Methods On the basis of rural doctors′ survey,the theory of pre-intervention was used to probe into the influencing factors for such training in five dimensions of attention notice,mega-cognitive strategies,advance organizer,goal orientation,and preparatory information.Results 73.2% of the groups were found with satisfying effect.In the single factor analysis,comparison of training effect involving such factors as age,gender,length of work life and pre-intervention revealed statistical significance(P<0.05).As shown in the logistic regression analysis,High motivation in meta-cognitive strategies,Clear goals in goal orientation,Tiered and categorized training in advance organizers,and Practical learning in preparatory information,as well as variants like age would influence rural doctors′ training effect significantly.Conclusions The key to better training effect lies in better motivation of the trainee,setting correct training goals,emphasis on the practicability of training contents and,the pertinence of the training objects.

Objective To analyze the problems existing in the implementation of the hierarchical medical system in China under the new situation .Methods The Smith policy implementation process model was used as an analytic framework.By means of literature analysis ,stakeholder analysis and PEST analysis ,the analysis was conducted in terms of such elements as the Smith policy implementation process model ,namely ,the idealized policy ,the implementing organization ,the target group and the environmental factors ,as well as its mechanism of action .Results The literature review found that the main obstacle that hinders the smooth implementation of the hierarchical medical system was the lagging of relevant supporting measures ,which accounted for 16.6％ (161)of the problems.In addition ,defects in policy design(the lack of division and cooperation mechanism etc .)and constraints in existing institutional mechanism (separation of revenue and expenditure ,unclear orientation ,etc .) were suggested to accelerate the introduction of supporting policies ,respectively accounting for 6.0％(58) and 9.3％ (90 ) of the results .Conclusions In the process of policy implementation ,the relationship between the four elements of the ideal policy outcomes ,the implementing organization ,the target group and the environmental factors needs to be coordinated to ensure the effective implementation of the hierarchical medical system .

Objective To study the rural residents′ satisfaction for services of village clinics in Shandong province, identify the influencing factors and put forward feasible suggestions and countermeasures. Methods The method of multi-stage stratified random sampling was used in 54 villages of 18 counties from six prefectures,with 1 590 rural residents randomly sampled for questionnaire survey and interview. This survey called into play the composition ratio for descriptive analysis,and univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression for identifying the influencing factors. Results The rural residents′overall satisfaction for services of village clinics was acceptable as 65.6% of them were satisfied,yet still at a low level. Major influencing factors for the satisfaction are service attitude and communication ability of rural doctors, drug availability at village clinics, and conditions of equipments and environment. Conclusions Authors proposed such measures as strengthening training of the service attitude and communication ability of rural doctors, scientifically adjusting and refining the types and quantities of essential drugs and continuing to better the conditions of equipments and environment of village clinics. These measures aim at further improving rural residents′satisfaction for services of village clinics.

Objective To make a comprehensive analysis of the satisfaction and preferences of rural doctors'incentive measures,and to identify the incentives that need to be optimized.Methods The method of multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to investigate the rural doctors in Shandong province in 2015.This survey called into play the sample mean and standard deviation for descriptive analysis.And according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, the scoring and ranking of different levels and specific incentive measures were calculated.The important quadrant model which combined with motivational preference and satisfaction of incentive measures was used to analysis them.Results The top preference for rural doctors was survival demand,scoring 4 284.Among the specific incentives,the top wss lower medical practice risk,scoring 945.75.In combination with satisfaction analysis, 7 incentive measures, including improving welfare and policy assurance, were now in the state of low satisfaction and high preference. Conclusions In terms of demand level,the survival incentive factor tops the needs of rural doctors.In the specific incentive measures, the seven incentives, such as lower practice risk, deserve more attention. Relevant departments should actively improve and implement these seven measures in order to maximize their motivation for rural doctors.

Objective To provide reference for service optimization of information suppliers and doctors through analyzing the residents'value cognition and utilization of online health information.Methods Questionnaires were distributed in June 2016 to 1 460 residents aged 18 or above and having experienced medical visits themselves or accompanying others in one year. They were surveyed to learn their health information cognition and utilization behavior. The data so acquired were subject to constituent ratio and Chi square test analysis. Results In terms of their use of online health information, 58.5% of the respondents would consult relevant information before medical visits, 64.3% would verify the doctor's diagnosis online following such visits. In case of any inconsistences, 28.2% of them would seek second opinion at another hospital. Statistical differences were discovered in the cognitive difference of residents of different sexes on "internet health information inquiry can relieve tension" , and in the utilization difference of residents of different ages and educational on " whether to consult online health information before medical visits" ( P<0.05). Conclusions The residents'value cognition of online health information is rational in general, but there are also some cognitive behaviors worthy of notice. Information conflicts may incur doctor-patient conflicts and repetitive medical visits. Stakeholders should ensure the professionalism and quality of the information providers. The doctors should master the communication skills and pay attention to the potential impact of online health information.

Objective To provide reference for bettering online health information supply and meeting residents' health needs by analyzing residents' access to and utilization rate of online health information. Methods 1 460 residents aged 18 years or above and having experienced medical visits themselves or accompanying others in one year were surveyed in June 2016. The survey covered their access to online health information and the utilization rate. χ2test, variance analysis, and important quadrant derivation model were used in the data analysis. Results 84.5% of the respondents used mobile phones as the most popular tool for accessing health information on the Internet, with more women than men. The importance quadrant analysis found that the residents have the highest utilization rate (72.6% ) of search engines, yet the reliability scoring of such engines was the lowest ( 62.8 ). Professional medical health websites scored the highest in reliability (81.8), yet the lowest utilization rate (2.1% ). Conclusions Search engines require stronger scrutiny to improve their information quality. Professional health and medical institutions'websites are encouraged to step up health information promotions, and health management Apps should be regulated in their development, to create convenient and reliable online health information platforms.