Objective To report the clinical results of treatment of tarsometatarsal joint injuries by close reduction and percutaneous screw fixation. Methods From January 2003 to June 2005, 26 cases of tarsometatarsal joint injuries were treated with close reduction and percutaneous screw fixation. They were 13 cases of middle column injury, seven cases of medial-middle column injury and six cases of three-column injury according to Myerson’ s classification. Results In this series all the wounds healed primarily with a mean operative time of 40 min ( 30 to 70 min) and a mean incision length of 5 mm. A mean follow-up of 11.4 months (ranging from 6 to 17 months) revealed a mean score of 87 according to American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scoring system. All the patients returned to normal daily life after a mean time of 5.3 months (3 to 11 months). Conclusions Tarsometatarsal joint injuries can be treated well by close reduction and percutaneous screw fixation with less operative lesion and lower incidence of soft tissue complications. Reduction of the middle column with screw insertion along the direction of the Lisfranc ligament is the key to reestablishment of the stability of the tarsometatarsal joint complex.

Objective To observe and analyze the outcomes o f open reduction and Y plate internal fixation in treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.Methods Open reduction and Y plate internal f ix-ation by the extended L-shaped lateral approach were performed in 68pati ents with 82cases of intra-articula r calcaneal fractures under X-ray.Results82cases were followed up for an avera ge of 26months,and the clinical results were evaluated wit h the Maryland Foot Score.58cases ac hieved excellent results,16good,6fair,with the rate of excellent and good re sults being 90.24%.Conclusion Open reduction and Y plate internal fixation can obtain good clinical re sults in treatment of intra-articul ar calcaneal fractures.[

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical result of Weil osteotomy for refer metatarsalgia in hallux valgus. [Method]Between 2004 and 2005, 25 feet of 17 patients with hallux valgus were treated by osteotomy at the base of the first metatarsal and Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal with metatarsalgia. Weight-bearing anterior-posterior and lateral X ray were taken before the surgery and 6 weeks after surgery on follow up. The hallux valgus angle , the intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsal, and length of the second metatarsal were measured on the X-ray film. AOFAS system was used to judge the clinical result of the surgery. [Result]The hallux valgus before surgery angle was 32??5.7?,after surgery it was 12.8??3.5?; the intermetatarsal angle between lst and 2nd metatarsal before surgery was 24.2??3.7?,after surgery it was 10.5??0.7?; AOFAS score was 45.6?6.9 before surgery , and 86.9?4.6 after surgery ; significant difference was found between the result. The metatarsal after Weil osteotomy was shorten by 3~8 mm, mean 4.5 mm. After surgery 18 feet had pain free, and 7 feet had a signigicant pain relief . All the patient could return to normal life without other treatment. [Conclusion ] The biomechanical changes in the foot with hallux valgus should be analyzed before surgery . Combined use of base osteotomy at the first metatarsal and Weil osteotomy at lesser metatarsal can get satisfactory clinical result in patients with sever hallux valgus and transferred refer metatarsalgia.

Objective To discuss the treatment and clinical outcome of open to the tarsometatarsal joint injury. Methods From April 2009 to April 2010,14 patients,10 males and 4 females,with open to the tarsometatarsal joint injury were treated in our department.They were 45 years old on average (from 21 to 67 years old).Five of them had the tarsometatarsal complex involved.According to Chiodo and Myerson's classification,all the injuries were of three-column type. Medial and lateral column shortening was respectively concomitant in 2 cases.Two patients had combined soft tissue defects and one patient degloved dorsal skin.A thorough debridement and Kirschner wire fixation following reduction were performed for all patients in the emergency room.A mini external fixator was applied in patients with medial or lateral column shortening.The degloved skin was thinned and grafted in situ,followed by vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) to cover the wound.The soft tissue defect was covered by VSD after debridement.All the patients had a definitive internal fixation after the soft tissue condition improved, and 3 of them had soft tissue coverage simultaneously.Functional outcomes were scored by American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) system. Results One patient with degloving injury had partial skin necrosis which was treated by debridement,definitive internal fixation and local flap transfer on the 13th day after emergency operation.A definitive internal fixation and skin graft were performed in 2 patients with soft tissue defects respectively on the 7th or 11th day post-operation.No wound infection or necrosis occurred in other patients.Twelve patients were followed up for an average period of 18 months (from 13 to 25 months).Solid union was obtained 12 weeks on average (from 10 to 16 weeks) after the secondary surgery.No flap necrosis,infection,nonunion or osteomyelitis occurred during the follow-up.Two patients had tarsometatarsal arthrodesis at the 12th or 14th month respectively due to severe pain and function limitation caused by post-traumatic arthritis.The mean AOFAS midfoot score at the last follow-up was 72 (from 61 to 89). ConclusionsAs tnanagement of open to the tarsometatarsal joint injury is a great challenge,surgeons must take soft tissue condition into consideration.Tenporary Kirschner wire fixation or in combination with external fixation after early thorough debridement,reduction and alignment restoration,followed by secondary definitive internal fixation until soft tissue condition improves is a safe and effective treatment strategy to decrease soft tissue complications and obtain stable fixation.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the technique and clinical outcome of limited tarsal sinus incision plus locking plate internal fixation for minimally invasive treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Methods Between February 2010 and February 2011,16 cases of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were treated in a minimally invasive manner in our department. All cases were evaluated carefully with routine X-rays and CT scans preoperatively to define the type of fracture and the involvement of articular surface.Open reduction and locking plate internal fixation with percutaneous screws were performed via a limited tarsal sinus approach 3 to 6 days after injury (average,4 days).Regular X-ray follow-ups were conducted to measure the Bohler's and Gissane angles.Overall functional evaluation was carried out according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),the Hind-foot Score by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36).Complications were recorded as well.Results The 13 cases were followed up for a mean duration of 18 months (from 12 to 24 months).There were no wound infection,skin and flap necrosis or implant failure.Bone union was achieved at an average of 10 weeks (from 8 to 12 weeks) post-operatively.The average Bohler's angle was improved significantly from 13.4° ± 3.4° (from 8° to 19°) pre-operatively to 26.5° ± 4.5° ( from 21° to 38°) post-operatively ( t =9.781,P ＜ 0.001 ).The average Gissane angle was improved significantly from 88.1° ± 7.6° (from 77° to 100°)pre-operatively to 116.2°±7.5° (from 100°to 124°) post-operatively (t =12.934,P ＜0.001).On average,the VAS score was 1.5 ± 1.7,the AOFAS score was 84.2 ± 5.9 and the SF-36 score was 79.5 ± 8.1 at the final follow-up.The follow-ups revealed no post-traumatic arthritis. Conclusion Open reduction and locking plate fixation with percutaneous screws via a limited tarsal sinus incision is a safe and reliable treatment for intra-articular calcaneal fractures,because it has the advantages of direct reduction of the articular surface,solid fixation,and limited soft tissue complications.

PRP (Platelet-rich plasma) is an autologous concentrate of platelets extracted from the whole blood,which has the ability of hemostasis,relieving pain and accelerating wound healing.PRP can promote tissue repairing effectively,because it not only provides concentrated nutrition,but also builds a better microenvironment.With the wide spread of PRP,it has been gradually applied to the treatment of tendon,ligament,cartilage and muscle injury in orthopedics.And meanwhile,with the rapid development of foot and ankle surgery in recent years,such applications have been introduced into this area,reports of therapeutic effects of foot and ankle disorders are also emerging.This paper makes a summary of the clinical studies of foot and ankle disorders with PRP.

A total of 35 patients with hallus valgus (56 feet) received treatment at the Department of Orthopedics, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between January 2004 and June 2005 and were recruited into this study. These patients underwent osteotomy of proximal first metatarsal and internal fixation with poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) absorbable pins. All patients were followed up for 4-22 months. Excellent outcomes were found in 27 patients (44 feet) and good results in 8 patients (12 feet). The mean healing time of surgical region was 6 weeks, nonunion or delayed union was not found. There were 3 cases suffering from complications post surgery. Two of them presented with peripheral wound red swelling, considering as a result of extraneous material-caused aseptic inflammatory reaction. This phenomenon would be regressed 2-4 weeks after hydropathic compress of ethanol gauzes and timely renewal of dressings. There was 1 case who suffered from protrution of absorbable pin 1 week after fixation and received reposition and plaster fixation. Bone displacement and nonunion were not found. This complication maybe results from excessively large bone pore due to shaking of electrodrill, which leads to loosening of absorbable pins.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis plus retrograde intramedullary nail in treatment of severe posttraumatic tibiotalar and talocalcaneal arthritis.Methods A total of 17 cases of severe posttraumatic tibiotalar and subtalar arthritis were treated with tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis plus retrograde intramedullary nail between June 2003 and June 2006.Patients were evaluated by a standardized follow-up examination using ankle-hindfoot scale of the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society(OFAS)score. Results Of all,14 cases were followed up postoperatively,with a mean follow-up period of 14.6 months(6-23 months).Bony fusion was achieved in 12 cases (86%)after an average of 11.6 weeks(8-19 weeks)but a delayed union in 2 after 17-19 weeks.Two cases(12%)complained heel pain at the nail entry point at initial stage of operation.The average anklehindfoot score improved from 47 points(43-55 points)preoperatively to 75 points(69-86 points)postoperatively. Conclusion Tibiotalocalcancal arthrodesis plus retrograde intramedullary nailing is proved to be effective in treating severe posttraumatic tibiotalar and talocalcaneal arthritis by marked relief from pain and improvement of life quality.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of limited open reduction via sinus tarsi approach and traditional open reduction internal fixation of the treatment for Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.Methods Between February 2010 and February 2011,30 patients were enrolled into our study and were divided into minimal invasive and traditional groups randomly.Each group consisted of 15 patients.When soft tissue swelling subsided,the patients of mininal invasive group were performed a limited ORIF via a sinus tarsi incision,while those traditional groups were performed ORIF via a classical lateral extensile L-shape approach.X-rays were taken in the regular follow-up,B(o)hler and Gissane angle were measured.The final curative effect was comprehensively assessed according to visual analogue scale (VAS),the ankle and hind-foot score of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and SF-36 at the last follow-up,with the complications recorded.Results The average time of the follow-up was 16.9 nonths and 19.9months respectively in two groups.Superficial skin necrosis occurred in 2 cases in traditional group.X-ray demonstrated bone union 3 months after the operation in both groups.And no implant failure occurred.The B(o)hler angle of minimal invasive group was 13.1°±3.8° and the traditional group was 14.9°±4.3°,the Gissane angle of minimal invasive group was 28.1°±7.8° and the traditional group was 26.2°±8.2°.The average AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score of minimal invasive group at final follow-up was 91.2±15.9,and the average VAS score was 1.7±1.3,while the traditional group was 82.4±14.7 and 1.9±2.1 respectively.But SF-36 score in minimal invasive group (79.5±12.1) was higher than that in traditional group (70.2±12.4).Four patients in minimal invasive group and 15 in traditional group suffered from varying degrees of subtalar joint stiffness.Conclusion No significant difference was found between the two groups in the short-term efficacy of the treatment for Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.However,minimal invasive technique has the advantages of lower soft tissue complication rate and lower suhtalar joint stiffness rate.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of surgical treatment of isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali of calcaneus via medial approach.Methods The data of 23 patients with isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali of calcaneus was retrospectively analyzed who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screw or Kirschner wire via medial approach from September 2006 to March 2011.There were 19 males and 4 females,with an average age of 26.3 years (range,17-41 years).Associated injuries included 4 cases of talus fracture,4 of metatarsal fracture,and 3 of cuboid fracture.The functions of hiudfoot were assessed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores pre-operation and post-operation respectively.Results Fifteen patients got followed up with an average 20.5 months (10-56 months).Thirteen patients were rated as good,2 as excellent,and the excellent and good rate was 100％(15/15).All the fractures were stabilized reliably,and got clinical union with no obvious complications occurred.Time of fracture union was 8-10 weeks,with an average of 8.5 weeks.Three patients felt mild transient pain during the recovery of walking,but their pain disappeared quickly after physical therapy.No patients developed wound infection,nonunion and other complications.Conclusion For isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali of caleaneus with articular surface displaced greater than 1 mm or involving the articular surface of middle subtalar joint,open reduction and internal fixation operation via medial approach under direct visualization is recommendable.