AIM: To prepare the asperosaponin—phospholipid compound to improve the bioavailability of asperosaponin in rat intestine in situ. METHODS: Ratio of asperosaponin to phospholipid was chosen as index to screen the optimal proportion based on the orthogonal design.Rat intestine perfusion was use to compare aspersaponin absorption under with and without phospholipid. RESULTS: Asperosaponin—phospholipid compound showed the markedly improvement in absorption capacity and absorption rate. CONCLUSION: The experiment recommends that asperosaponin in the combination with phospholipid is better than only used asperosaponin concerning bioavailability.

AIM:To optimize the extraction process of tannins from Galla Chinensis. METHODS: Using of HPLC to assay tannins hydrolysis, gallic acid as the content index was analyzed by HPLC, the optimum extraction condition consisted of extraction temperature, the size of material, the solvent extraction times and the extraction time by orthogonal test design. RESULTS: The best condition of extraction process was 10 times the volume of water, extracted three times, 9 hours each time. CONCLUSION: The optimized process is feasible for the extraction of tannins.

AIM: To explore the relationship of the decrease of the catharticizing action and the conjugated anthraquinone after Radix et Rhizoma Rhei was in the process of stirred-fry-with wine by comparing the content of conjugated anthraquinone among different processing Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in the solution decocted by water and extrected by methanol. METHODS: The spectrophotometer was used to assay the content of free anthraquinone and conjugated anthraquinone of different proccssing Rudix et Rhizoma Rhei in the solution decocted by water and extracted by methanol. RESULTS: In the solution decocted by water there was little difference in free anthraquinone between the raw and the processing products, however, the conjugated anthraquinone of the precessing product was much higher than the raw. CONCLUSION: The decrease of the conjugated anthraquinone can’t fully account for the reduction of the catharticizing action of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in the process of stirred-fry with wine. The real cause needs to be explored in many aspects.

AIM: To compare the dissolution of asperosaponin Ⅵ between the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder of Radix Dipsaci.METHODS : The real contents,in vitro release and releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ were determined by HPLC for the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder.RESULTS: In the ultra- micro powder and the ordinary powder,the real content of asperosaponin Ⅵ were 4.87%,4.74%,respectively; in vitro release in 1 h were 48.2 mg/g,47.5 mg/g,respectively; releasing rate parameter T_(0.9) were 0.23 min,10.41 min,respectively.CONCLUSION: The ultra- micro porphyrization could not influent the real content and in vitro release of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Radix Dipsaci.But it could improve the releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ.

AIM: To review variety of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products. METHODS: HPLC-ELSD was used to determine astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragli. RESULTS: The distinction of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products was obvious. The astragloside Ⅳ content reduced after processing. CONCLUSION: Radix Astragli of Henan Province has the highest astragloside Ⅳ content. And it is suggested that crude medicine should be used when astragloside Ⅳ is used as therapeutic component.

AIM: To optimize the macroporous resin for separating naringin. METHODS: Putting the extract fluid of Citrus grandis Tomentosa into pillar was adsorbed with macroporous resin, then washed by alcohol with the different concentration in succession to determine the content of naringin by HPLC. RESULTS: The six macroporous resins' effects differ greatly. CONCLUSION: HPD450 macroporous resin is effective to separate the naringin.

AIM:To compare the dissolution of asperosaponin Ⅵ between the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder of Radix Dipsaci.METHODS:The real contents,in vitro release and releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵwere determined by HPLC for the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder.RESULTS:In the ultra-micro powder and the ordinary powder,the real content of asperosaponin Ⅵ were 4.87%,4.74%,respectively;in vitro release in 1 h were 48.2 mg/g,47.5 mg/g,respectively;releasing rate parameter T_ 0.9 were 0.23 min,10.41 min,respectively.CONCLUSION:The ultra-micro porphyrization could not influent the real content and in vitro release of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Radix Dipsaci.But it could improve the releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ.

AIM: To optimize the processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba stir-frying with vinegar. METHODS: UV-spectrophotometry was applied to determine the total paeoniflorin content, which was extracted by water from processed Radix Paeoniae Alba(stri-frying with vinegar) and the processing was designed by orhtogonal design. RESULTS: The best sample was treated at 130~?C for 40 min by adding 20% vinegar. METHODS: Processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba(stir-frying with vinegar) has a practical applicability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of bicyclo-monoterpene promoters (i.e., borneol and camphor) on the in vitro permeation of ligustrazine (LGT) through the hairless porcine dorsal skin. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transdermal delivery kinetics in vitro were performed to investigate the effect of the promoters on the biophysical changes to the stratum corneum (SC), the surface changes to porcine skin and the in vitro percutaneous fluxes of ligustrazine through procine skin. FT-IR results revealed that the peak shift and the decrease in the peak area with borneol were higher than those with camphor. SEM studies demonstrated that the morphological change to SC was related to the chosen enhancer. It was observed that the SC lipid extraction with borneol and camphor led to disruption of the SC and the scutella desquamation. Apparent density (AD) was utilized to describe the desquamation extent of the scutella. Percutaneous fluxes of ligustrazine through porcine skin were evaluated in vitro by the Franz-type diffusion cells. Use of borneol led to greater penetration of ligustrazine across porcine skin. It was shown that the permeation enhancement mechanism of bicyclo-monoterpenes to ligustrazine included extracting and disordering lipids which involved the shift changes in C-H stretching and H-bonding action between enhancers and cermaide. The penetration capability of the hydroxy groups in bicyclo-monoterpenes was better than that of the ketone groups.

Objective To explore the new model of teaching assessment and evaluation of sanitary microbiology studied by students majoring in preventive medicine. Methods Combination of formative assessment and summative assessment was applied in the teaching for students in under-graduate preventive medicine class in Grade 2007-2010. To get better effect, method was improved constantly. Pearson correlation analysis was used to students' formative assessment and summative as-sessment, and comprehensive evaluation achievement(the first two added). Moreover, the effects were assessed by teachers' self-evaluation and their exchanging ideas with students. Results Ranging from 10.06 to 12.22, the standard deviations of four grades' summative assessment results were the biggest number, so the summative assessment was more effective. Students' formative assessment, summative assessment, and comprehensive assessment for this course were positively correlated(P<0.01) for suc-cessive four years. Teachers and students approved of the new mode. Conclusion The effective com-bination of formative assessment and summative assessment was helpful for student to develop and assess learning ability and overall qualities, and for teachers to improve teaching level.