Objective To compare the efficacy of balloon dilation and YAG laser endouretertomy in treatment of secondary ureteric stricture . Methods 32 patients with secondary ureteral stricture were randomly divided into balloon dilatation group and holmium laser cut group, 16 cases in each, respectively. The two kinds of treatment efficacy was compared after two years postoperative follow-up. Results The clinical results of the two groups showed no statistical differences at the third, sixth and twelfth month follow-up (P > 0.05), and there were no statistical differences in the overall effective rates (P > 0.05). The clinical results of the two groups showed no statistical difference at the twenty-fourth month follow-up (P < 0.05), and the overall effective rates had statistical difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions Balloon dilation and YAG laser endouretertomy in treatment of secondary ureteral stricture have the same short-term clinical effects. But the middle-term efficacy of YAG laser endouretertomy is superior to that of balloon dilation.

Prostate cancer is a common malignant disease in elder men, and it is the second leading death cause in male cancer patients. The incidence rate of prostate cancer has been increasing year by year, and it is ranked the third in the incidence rate of urologic cancers in China. The oncolytic adenovirus carrying specific promoter has been used as a novel target of antitumor therapy. The adenovirus has specific effects on tumor cells and can express downstream therapeutic genes to inhibit the growth of tumor cells, but it can't influence the normal cells or only has weak influence. At present, oncolytic adenovirus carrying specific promoter which has been used widely in basic and clinical studies has showed unique advantages in great antitumor effect and medication safety. This paper reviews the several biological molecules, which have been found during the construction of oncolytic adenovirus, may potentially become to be prostate cancer-specific promoters.

Objective The purpose of this work was to compare the efficacy of narrow band imaging-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB) with conventional white light imagingassisted TURB in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods Several databases were searched,including Cochrance Libarary,PubMed,Embase,Wanfang,VIP,CNKI and CBM.The endpoints were biochemical failure in 3 months,1 year and 2 years.We performed a meta-analysis of the published data.The results are expressed as risk ratio (RR),with the corresponding 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results The final analysis included seven trials comprising 1889 patients.Biochemical failure in 3months (RR0.73,95％ CI 0.55-0.96;P =0.02),1 year(RR 0.69,95％ CI 0.58-0.80;P ＜ 0.01) and 2 years (RR 0.58,95％ CI 0.41-0.82;P =0.002) were fewer in patients who received narrow band imagingassisted TURB.The recurrence rates of 3 months,1 year and 2 years were 14.44％,29.35％ and 30％ in white light imaging group.The recurrence rates of 3 months,1 year and 2 years were 3.61％,9.35％ and 12.59％ lower in narrow band imaging group compared with white light imaging group.Conclusions Narrow band imaging-assisted TURB was superior to conventional white light imaging-assisted TURB in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2 years.

Objective To analyze the status of biobanks in public hospitals in Shanghai.Methods A questionnaire survey on biobanks was conducted in 9 representative public hospitals in Shanghai.Results The management system of hospital biobanks in Shanghai was basically shaped,but the human resources and financial inputs were in shortage,and some management and regulations were not in place yet.Conclusions The biobanks of public hospitals need more inputs,improvement,and standardized management.

Objective To monitor the clinical epidemiology and etiology of acute diarrhea in children in the outpatient setting in Shanghai .Methods An active surveillance study in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University between August 2013 and July 2014 was conducted .Outpatient children with acute diarrhea were enrolled in this study and stool samples were collected .Pathogens including norovirus ,diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) , nontyphoidal Salmonella spp .(NTS),Campylobacter,Shigella,pathogenic vibrio and Yersinia enterocolitica were identified and typed .The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis .Results Of the 881 stool samples from enrolled children , the pathogens included into the target detection were identified in 246 (27 .92% ) cases . Norovirus ,DEC ,NTS ,Campylobacter and Shigella were detected in 98 (11 .12% ) cases ,74 (8 .40% ) cases , 61 (6 .92% ) cases ,34 (3 .86% ) cases and 2 (0 .23% ) cases ,respectively .Neither pathogenic vibrio nor Yersinia enterocolitica was identified .Children younger than 36 months old (3 .27% ,26/794) had a lower risk (χ2=7 .41 ,P=0 .006) of Campylobacter infection compared with older children (9 .20% ,8/87) .Vomiting (37 .76% ) and watery diarrhea (21 .34% ) were more commonly seen in children with norovirus infection;fever and mucous stool were commonly seen in diarrheal children with NTS infection (40 .98% and 21 .31% ,respectively) and Campylobacter infection (29 .41% and 26 .47% ,respectively) .Conclusion Enteric pathogens play a major role in childhood acute diarrhea in Shanghai .Continuous monitoring of enteric pathogens will be helpful for reasonable treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea in children .

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), and to analyzed the risk factors for severe infection.Methods:The epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalized children with ALRTI and positive RSV test from Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The hospitalized children from October 2016 to November 2017 were selected by random singular sequence and divided into severe infection group and non-severe infection group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of severe RSV-associated ALRTI.Results:A total of 34 192 hospitalized children were diagnosed with ALRTI, and 8 113(23.73%) children were positive for respiratory tract viruses, including 4 028(11.78%) children with RSV infection, which was higher than other common respiratory tract viruses. Among the 4 028 RSV-positive children, 2 550(63.31%) were under six months of age, 3 623(89.95%) were under two years of age. The detection rates of RSV in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 6.47%(553/8 551), 2.46%(176/7 161), 12.85%(1 042/8 111) and 21.77%(2 257/10 369), respectively. In 347 hospitalized children with RSV-associated ALRTI, 54 cases were severe cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RSV-positive patients complicated with respiratory diseases ( Z=3.43), cardiovascular diseases ( Z=4.96), non-exclusive breast-feeding ( Z=-1.97) and premature birth ( Z=-1.98) were independent risk factors for severe RSV-associated ALRTI (all P<0.050). Conclusions:RSV is the most important and common viral pathogen in hospitalized children with ALRTI in Shanghai, and infants under six months of age are the most susceptible to RSV. RSV patients complicated with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, non-exclusive breast-feeding and premature birth are more likely to develope severe RSV-associated ALRTI.