Objective:To observe the effects of double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) of the silent mating-type infor-mation regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) on the cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and expression levels of the cell cycle negative regulators. These regulators include P21, P27, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (PRb) proteins present in prostate cancer PC3 cells. This work further aims to explore the possible underlying mechanism for such effects. Methods:PC3 cells were cultured in vitro and then randomly divided into the mock group, scramble siRNA transfected group, and SIRT1 siRNA-transfected group. SIRT1 siRNA ef-ficiency was examined through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The inhibitory rate of PC3 cell growth was determined through a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the cell cycle was investigated with the use of flow cytom-etry. The P21 and P27 protein expression levels and PRb status were determined by Western blot assay. Results:Compared with those of the mock and scramble siRNA groups, the expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and protein significantly decreased in SIRT1 siR-NA-transfected cells. In addition, the inhibitory rate of PC3 cell growth was markedly increased, and the cell cycle of the PC3 cells was arrested at the G1 stage. The expression levels of negative cell cycle regulators, including P21 and P27 protein levels increased, whereas Rb protein phosphorylation was inhibited in SIRT1 siRNA-transfected PC3 cells. Conclusion: SIRT1 RNA interference inhibits PC3 cell growth and arrests cell cycle progression through the upregulation of the P21 and P27 proteins and the inhibition of Rb protein phosphorylation.

HRP solution was injected into the dorsal commissural nucleus (DCN) of segment L_6 or S_1 of the spinal cord and laterodorsal tegmental area(TLD)——take the Barrington's nucleus as its center and lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBL) of the rostral pons in different individuals of the rats. After HRP was injected into the DCN, labelled neurons and dense terminals were found in Barrington's nucleus, and labelled terminals appeared in the PBL. When the unilateral TLD was injected the labelled cells and terminals were found in the DCN and bilateral intermediate zone (IM), and formed a band of labelled neurons and terminals. When the PBL was injected the labelled neurons were observed in the DCN and bilateral IM. A few labelled neurons were found in lamina Ⅰ in the latter two experimental groups.Based on the present and previous studies, the authors got the following understandings:1. Morphylogically, the present study for the first time demonstrated that, the micturition reflex arch through the pontine consists of following parts: the primary afferent neurons of the bladder→secondary relay neurons of DCN→Barrington's nucleus→IM (mainly IML) parasympathetic preganglionic neurons→parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.2. According to the present and previous researches, the authors conjecture that, the secondary fibers of visceral sensation of the pelvic organs originate from the neurons of DCN, IM and lamina I and project into the PBL.3. According to the facts mentioned above, we presume that the DCN and bilateral IM constitute a complex and named it the 'visceral field', and which is closely associated with the pelvic organs. This field has widespread connections with the peripheral efferent and afferent nerves. On the other hand, i t contains a lot of relay neurons projecting into Barrington's nucleus and PBL and receives the terminals of descending fibers of the neurons of the Barrington's nucleus. The descending fibers also project into the Onuf's nucleus.In addition, the present study disscussed the complicated functions of the DCN systematically.

Objective To study the effects of isotonic and resistance exercises on renal hormones in plasma. Methods Eight healthy men were instructed to performed isotonic and resistance exercises, respectively, with the same target heart rate and the same exercise duration, in which both exercises-induced changes of plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALDO) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were observed. Results Plasma levels of PRA, ALDO and ADH increased significantly after both isotonic exercise and resistance exercises. Plasma levels of ADH and PRA were higher after resistance exercise than those after isotonic exercise. Conclusion The increases of PRA, ALDO and ADH in plasma caused by exercise might be an adaptive response to maintain balances of water and electrolyte in the status of physical stresses. The tendency of increase of ADH and PRA after resistance exercise suggested that the exercise intensity rather than type of exercise correlated with on the changes of renal hormones.

Objective To investigate a new method for reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)using hamstrings tendons knot and bone lock-bolt under arthroscopy.Methods Ten cases of PCL lesion were treated arthroscopically. Hamstrings were harvested with a stripper following standard procedure. The hamstring tendons tied a knot at the inter-media part of the tendons and insert a bone lock-bolt on the knot. The tunnel of femur and tibia were prepared. Tunnel diameter of the tibia and the infra 1/3 of femur was 5-7mm and the superior 2/3 of the femur side was 11-12mm,Pulling in the tendon from the lateral side of femur tunnel to the tibia.A hole of 4 5mm was drilled 1cm distal of tibia tunnel exit. Create a bone bridge using curved clamps,passing a tendon under the bone bridge and tying the tendon over the bone bridge in extension.Results All the patients were follow-up.Function and stability of knee during walking and activities improved apparently. All patients were evaluated with the knee functional scales.Patients were clinically rated as excellent in 6,good in 3,and fair in 1. There were no poor results.Conclusion The result of using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons tied a knot and implant a bone lock-bolt to reconstruct PCL is satisfactory. The advantages of the technique included well biological match, exemption from costly materials, promotion of healing of tendons and bone tunnel, decrease in medical cost.

Objective To study the effect of arthroscopic plasty of discoid meniscus with local anaesthesia and radiofrequency. Methods From Aug. 2000 to Aug.2002, arthroscopic plasty of discoid lateral meniscus with local anaesthesia and radiofrequency was performed on twenty-six joints in twenty-three patients including 12 male and 11 female, their average age was 25 years(13～14 yrs). The procedure of discoid meniscus reshaping in 23 cases was to produce the similar appearance to the normal lateral meniscus. Unstable leaf of the horizontally torn meniscus was removed, while the stable one was preserved. In 6 cases,the tear of edge rim was not only reshaped but also insider-out sutured. Results 21 cases were followed-up for average 11 months (from 5 months to 2 5 years).There was no pain snap and lock, the joint function is normal in 21 cases and 23 knees. Based on Ikeuch knee functional scales,16 cases were rated as excellent, 3 good and 2 fair. Conclusion Arthroscopic radiofrequency meniscus plasty is of importance in avoiding total meniscectomy. The procedures were safety and less traumatic.

60 years old,the positive rate of Han was higher than that of Uygur (?2=10.61 ?2=7.46,all P

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with an implant fixation of combined press-fit technique of hamstrings tendon knot and bone bolt. Methods 15 cases of combined injury of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament were reconstructed under arthroscopy. There were 10 males and 5 females, and the average age of patients was 23 years ranging from 19 to 31 years. 9 left knees and 6 right knees were involved. A hamstring was taken by standard procedure with a stripper, and pretension was performed on the harvested tendons; a bone bolt was inserted into the tendon to form a tendon knot. The bottle-neck shaped tunnel was prepared by stepping drill at the femoral side, the tendon knot and bone bolt was pulled inside of femoral tunnel, and then out of the tibial tunnel. Repeating the full extension and flexion of the knee joint for 20 times, and then the weaving suture of tendons was brought to pass underneath of tibial bridge and tightened together. Results The patients were evaluated by Lysholm knee functional scales, the average knee score were 61.5?4.6 and 92.5?3.7 respectively before and after operation, and the difference was of statistical significance(P

Objective To evaluate the results of gluteal muscle contracture released by radiofrequency vaporization (RF) under arthroscopic guidance. Methods Eighteen cases of bilateral gluteal muscle contracture were treated with radiofrequency vaporization. The patients consisted of 7 males and 11 females, aging from 8 to 40 years. The patients were lying in lateral recumbent position under epidural anesthesia. The outline of the gluteal contracture, the incision line and the sciatic nerve were marked preoperatively on the skin. The entrance for the vaporization was 2 cm superior and 5 cm lateral to the top of the greater trochanter. The portal for the arthroscope was 3 cm inferior to the antero-superior iliac spine. A space was made between constricted fibrous band and overlying subcutaneous tissue with an elevator, and then saline was filled into the space, the constricted fibrous band from the tip of the greater trochanter was removed. The contracture was released, bleedings were controlled, and the range of motion of the hip was evaluated, it was guaranteed that the motions like snapping and impingement were eliminated completely. The patients were allowed to walk about 24 hours following operation in order to prevent adhesions. Results All of the cases of bilateral gluteus contracture treated with RF vaporization were followed up for average 7 months (range, 6 to 13 months). Two cases of hematoma were noted, there was no infection, no limitation in squatting, no snapping, and no difficulty in crossing the legs. Ober sign was negative in the treated patients. The gait and function recovered to normal. Conclusion Gluteus contracture can be effectively released with RF vaporization under arthroscopic guidance. The advantages of this procedure are mild tissue damage and reaction, and less blood loss. The tissue damage is very limited. The rehabilitation can be started soon postoperatively, and functional recovery is better.

We investigated whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates endotoxin-induced changes of lipoperoxidation, lysosomal enzyme release and increased extravascular lung water content in dogs using a specific PAF receptor antagonist, SRI 63-441. Endotoxin infusion caused an increase in serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA) from baseline (100%) to 130.04?14.00% and 169.16?32.49% and ?-glucuronidase (?-g) activity to 191.05?86.71% and 242.54?49.09% at 3 and 6h, respectively. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ?-g activity, lung MDA and extravascular lung water also significantly increased (P

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on endothelial-polymorphonuclear cells (EC-PMN) adhesion and their mechanisms wsre studied in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers in vitro. H2O2 at various concentrations (10-1, 10-2, 10-3mol/L respectively) stimulated EC dependent PMN adhesion, of which l02mol/L H2O2 was the most potent one, increasing adhesion to 2.3 times that of the control. Pretreatment of PMNs with SRI 63-441, a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, had no effect on H2O2 induced EC-PMN adhesion. Pretreatment of ECs with SRI 63-441 before H2O2 exposure significantly decreased PMN adherence to ECs. Pretreatment of ECs with phospholipase A2 inhibitor p-bromophenacyl-bromide or cahnodulin antagonist chlorpromazine and aildum ion chelate EGTA obviously decreased H2O2 induced increment of EC-PMN adhesion. These results suggest that H2O2 may activate ECs, causing the inflow of extracellular calcium or the release of calcium from intracellular deposits. Increased intracellular Ca2+ may bind with calmodulin to activate phospholipase A2 thus initiating PAF synthesis and promoting EC-PMN adhesion.